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Cow’s Milk Allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies presented during infancy and childhood. The diagnosis and management of CMA is a complex task. First and foremost, CMA is manifested by a variety of symptoms classified by their type of mediation (either IgE and/or non-IgE responses), organ systems involved, and the onset of the reac...
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Context 1
... tables featuring highlights of the DRACMA, ESPGHAN and AAP CMA guidelines are a time-efficient resource for healthcare practitioners in the nutritional management and selection of optimal feeding methods for infants and children with diagnosed CMA. Tables 2 and 3 illustrate a comparative review of the highlighted guidelines. Guidelines providing direct recommendations for specific clinical presentations/symptoms are marked in bold font in the tables. ...Citations
Amino acid-based formulas (AAFs) are similar to most other infant kinds of milk except for one important difference. Instead of containing whole or broken down cow’s milk protein, they contain amino acids. These individual amino acids are so small that they are not recognised by the immune system as allergens and do not provoke any allergic reaction in children with cow’s milk allergy. In recent studies, AAFs were well tolerated and supported growth in otherwise healthy infants without cow’s milk protein allergy, and in those with cow’s milk protein allergy. Short bowel syndrome, a disorder characterized by diarrhea, malabsorption, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, and eventually malnutrition, is usually caused by massive intestinal resection. Even though the causes of short bowel syndrome are diverse, the management has identical pillars: parenteral nutrition and early enteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition remains an important and controllable factor. The direct trophic effect of nutrients and stimulation of gastrointestinal secretions and hormonal factors enhances intestinal adaptation. AAFs promote rapid weaning of parenteral nutrition after the introduction of an elemental formula. Besides, studies show that they reduce intestinal inflammation (the level of fecal calprotectin).
