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C o ryphaenoides gypsochilus new species, paratype, CAS 209233 (437 mm TL), Galápagos, Isla Fernandina, 631 m.
Source publication
Two unusual specimens of the grenadier genus Coryphaenoides were collected by the deep-submersible vehicle Johnson Sea-Link off the Galápagos. Unlike any other member of the genus, the snout in these specimens was rounded, non-protruding, naked anteriorly and ventrally, with no tubercular scales marking the terminal and lateral angles. They are her...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... permission to collect specimens in Ecuador, thanks are due: Eliecer Cruz, Arturo Izurieta Valery and Eduardo A m a d o r, Parque Nacional Galápagos; and Robert Bensted- Smith and Chantal Blanton, Estacíon Cien- tifica Charles Darwin. Alison E. Schroeer drew Figure 1 and the otolith of the paratype (Fig. 3). Dong Lin scanned the photograph used in Fig. 2. The David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Discovery Channel gen- erously provided grants and other ...
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Citations
Grenadiers (Macrouridae) comprise one of the most diverse deep-sea fish families, however, knowledge about their distribution in the north-central part of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) is scarce. The distribution patterns of seven grenadiers throughout the Mexican Pacific were described and their relationships with environmental factors were evaluated, using univariate and multivariate analyses. During the Talud project, 3320 grenadiers were caught, using a benthic sledge (extreme coordinates: 16 • 49' N-31 • 48' N, 100 • 21' W-117 • 15' W; depth range: 100-2400 m). Coelorinchus scaphopsis (n = 1699, 203-1158 m) was restricted to warm and oxygenated sites of the northern Gulf of California (GC). Coryphaenoides acrolepis (n = 6, 1318-1448 m) was recorded in temperate and oxygenated sites of the lower slope of the northern portion of the western coast of Baja California (BC), its southern distribution limit. Nezumia liolepis (n = 1363, 534-1600 m) Coryphaenoides anguliceps (n = 32, 745-2103 m), and Coryphaenoides capito (n = 66, 554-1520 m) are widely distributed in the Mexican Pacific; because they are able to live inside and outside of the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ), dissolved oxygen is not a limiting factor in their distributions. Nezumia convergens (n = 7, 1073-162 m) and Nezumia stelgidolepis (n = 147, 554-1418 m) were recorded occasionally, however, both species are common in several ETP locations. The first records of C. capito and N. convergens in BC were reported and the presence of C. anguliceps in the northern BC was confirmed. A taxonomic key is included to distinguish the grenadiers of the Mexican Pacific, and new meristic and morphological data are provided for N. convergens.
The deep sea represents the largest and least explored biome on the planet. Despite the iconic status of the Galapagos Islands and being considered one of the most pristine locations on earth, the deep-sea benthic ecosystems of the archipelago are virtually unexplored in comparison to their shallow-water counterparts. In 2015, we embarked on a multi-disciplinary scientific expedition to conduct the first systematic characterization of deep-sea benthic invertebrate communities of the Galapagos, across a range of habitats. We explored seven sites to depths of over 3,300 m using a two-part Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) system aboard the E/V Nautilus, and collected 90 biological specimens that were preserved and sent to experts around the world for analysis. Of those, 30 taxa were determined to be undescribed and new to science, including members of five new genera (2 sponges and 3 cnidarians). We also systematically analysed image frame grabs from over 85 h of ROV footage to investigate patterns of species diversity and document the presence of a range of underwater communities between depths of 290 and 3,373 m, including cold-water coral communities, extensive glass sponge and octocoral gardens, and soft-sediment faunal communities. This characterization of Galapagos deep-sea benthic invertebrate megafauna across a range of ecosystems represents a first step to study future changes that may result from anthropogenic impacts to the planet’s climate and oceans, and informed the creation of fully protected deep-water areas in the Galapagos Marine Reserve that may help preserve these unique communities in our changing planet.
An annotated and photographically illustrated checklist with DNA barcodes of the species of bony fishes collected during a month-long research cruise of the Spanish Research vessel B/O Miguel Oliver is presented. The vessel made trawls on the continental shelf of the Pacific coast of Central America, in November-December 2010, at depths of 108–1625 m. This list, based on 707 specimens (of a total of 876 specimens collected during the whole expedition), includes 129 species belonging to 15 orders, 61 families, and 97 genera. New information is presented on the geographical distributions of more than a third of those species, with 29 species (22.4%) representing new records from Central American waters and 17 species (13.2%) having expanded latitudinal ranges. Data on capture depths demonstrate increased depth ranges due to new minimum and/or maximum known depths for 31 species, i.e. 24% of those captured. Tissue samples from frozen specimens were used to obtain DNA barcodes of 682 (96.5%) individuals belonging to 118 species (91.4% of those recorded here), which have been made publically available in Genbank. Those data include barcodes for 84 species (65.1% of the total collected, and 77.1% of those for which barcodes were obtained) and 30 genera (30.9% of those collected) for which no species barcodes have been previously published. Barcodes of 54 species represent the first genetic sequences of any type published for those species. The abundance of new data indicate that there is still much to learn about the composition and geographical and depth distributions of the fish fauna of the shelf edge and continental slope of this region.
The grenadier fish Coryphaenoides oreinos is newly reported for Mexican waters, corresponding an adult of unknown sex, which was caught at the ocean surface over very deep water (3045 m), off Manzanillo, Colima (México). It represents the first specimen of this species in a Mexican Ichthyological collection.
Isla del Coco (also known as Cocos Island), Pacific Costa Rica, has been visited and written about since the 16th Century, and since the late 1800's many expeditions and scientists have carried out research in the Island. Here I compiled publications on marine biological, geological, oceanographic and atmospheric research done at Isla del Coco. A list of 599 scientific papers and chapters were compiled, together with 41 books, reports, Special Issues, theses and web sites, and ten historic books with descriptions of marine animals or environemnets. A mayority of the publications (425 or 66.4%) are related to marine biodiversity topics (species descriptions and lists of species); the most published groups are gastropods (81 papers), decapods (67) and bony fishes (66). There are no publications of several groups of animals that have been observed in the Island, for example free-living flat worms, parasites and nemerteans among others. Other topics with a large number of publications are, biogeography with 65, ecology (61) and geology (48); the most studied ecosystem are coral reefs with 14 papers. More publications are needed on many topics, such as impact of ilegal fishing and climate change on Isla del Coco National Park marine flora and fauna.
Isla del Coco (also known as Cocos Island) is an oceanic island in the Eastern Tropical Pacific; it is part of the largest national park of Costa Rica and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The island has been visited since the 16th Century due to its abundance of freshwater and wood. Marine biodiversity studies of the island started in the late 19th Century, with an intense period of research in the 1930’s, and again from the mid 1990’s to the present. The information is scattered and, in some cases, in old publications that are difficult to access. Here I have compiled published records of the marine organisms of the island. At least 1688 species are recorded, with the gastropods (383 species), bony fishes (354 spp.) and crustaceans (at least 263 spp.) being the most species-rich groups; 45 species are endemic to Isla del Coco National Park (2.7% of the total). The number of species per kilometer of coastline and by square kilometer of seabed shallower than 200m deep are the highest recorded in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Although the marine biodiversity of Isla del Coco is relatively well known, there are regions that need more exploration, for example, the south side, the pelagic environments, and deeper waters. Also, several groups of organisms, such as the flatworms, nematodes, nemerteans, and gelatinous zooplankton, have been observed around the Island but have been poorly studied or not at all.
The grenadier fish Coryphaenoides oreinos is newly reported for Mexican waters, corresponding an adult of unknown sex, which was caught at the ocean surface over very deep water (3045 m), off Manzanillo, Colima (México). It represents the first specimen of this species in a Mexican Ichthyological collection.
We describe Eptatretus lakeside sp. nov. from a deepwater (762 m) specimen trapped off Fernandina Island, Galápagos Islands. The new species differs from all known Eptatretus in having: five pairs of gill pouches; 3-cusp multicusps in anterior and posterior rows; 6 unicusps in each anterior and posterior row; 36 total cusps; 19 tail pores; 88 total pores; palatine tooth triangular; and body coloration pinkish-orange. A key to the species of Galápagos hagfishes is provided.
