Figure 2 - uploaded by Michael Charles Parker
Content may be subject to copyright.
C-RAN (left) vs. D-RAN architecture (right).
Source publication
New software-defined open network concepts are proposed in this paper to enable an efficient implementation of front- and backhaul solutions for future 5G mobile networks. Main requirements for 5G front- and backhaul are derived and then related to the open network architecture enabling multiple operators to share the same physical infrastructure....
Context in source publication
Context 1
... the 5G radio access network (RAN), both centralized (C-RAN) and distributed architectures (D-RAN) are considered, see Fig. 2. In the C-RAN, the base-band processing is pooled at a central office. Digitized waveforms are transported over the fronthaul from the BBU to the remote antenna units (RAU). In the D-RAN configuration, each base station has its own BBU and there is information exchange among them over the backhaul. While the C-RAN concept is simpler ...
Similar publications
In this paper we discuss the evolution of mobility management mechanisms in mobile networks. We emphasize problems with current mobility management approaches in case of very high dense and heterogeneous networks. The main contribution of the paper is a discussion on how the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technology can be applied in mobile netw...
Autonomous driving technology has been regarded as a promising solution to reduce road accidents and traffic congestion, as well as to optimize the usage of fuel and lane. However, one of the main challenges in autonomous driving is a limited sensing from single vehicle that causes warning and deadlock situation. The network management in Vehicular...
Recently both academic and industry worlds has started to define the successor of Long Term Evolution (LTE), so-called 5G networks, which will most likely appear by the end of the decade. It is widely accepted that those 5G networks will have to deal with significantly more challenging requirements in terms of provided bandwidth, latency and suppor...
Citations
... The architecture is made up of three main transport domains, the core network, aggregation network, the access or IP network, IP reflectors, and the main transport data center. The core network will have an OSPF routing protocol while the aggregation network and the access run on IS-IS routing the will reduce latency, improve network security, and high level of network protection [48,49]. All interdomain communications are possible with implementing BGP and enabling P2P communications. ...
The steeply rising demand for mobile data drives the investigation of the transmission backhaul network architecture and cost for the fifth generation (5G) of mobile technologies. The proposed backhaul architecture will facilitate high throughput, low latency, scalability, low cost of ownership, and high capacity backhaul for 5G mobile technologies. This paper presents a transmission backhaul network architecture for 5G technology; the proposed internet protocol (IP) transmission backhauling architecture includes the data center, core network, distribution network, and access or IP random access network. A mathematical model for the data center IP core network, IP distributed network, and the IP access network for capital expenditure (Capex), operational expenditure (Opex), and the total cost of ownership (TCO) are presented, as well as a mathematical model for the entire backhauling architecture. The result shows that the increase in IP sites is positively proportional to the Capex and negatively proportional to the Opex. The selectivity analysis shows that the increase in bandwidth is directly proportional to the Capex, Opex, and TCO in the IP core network. The increase in data centers is directly proportional to the Capex, Opex, and TCO of the entire backhauling architecture.
... The principal idea of openness and expandability, the infrastructure which supports IoT permits to communicate with external applications and allows coordination among the particular component [7]. This can be analyzed from a state-of-the-art idea with the SDN concept proposed in [10]. With the concept of an open network, the architecture allows many operators to use and share the same physical infrastructure. ...
The realization of open-source-defined wireless networks in the telecommunication domain is accomplished through the fifth-generation network (5G). In contrast to its predecessors (3G and 4G), the 5G network can support a wide variety of heterogeneous use cases with challenging requirements from both the Internet and the Internet of Things (IoT). The future sixth-generation (6G) network will not only extend 5G capabilities but also innovate new functionalities to address emerging academic and engineering challenges. The research community has identified these challenges could be overcome by open-source-defined wireless networks, which is based on open-source software and hardware. In this survey, we present an overview of different aspects of open-source-defined wireless networks, comprising motivation, frameworks, key technologies, and implementation. We start by introducing the motivation and explore several frameworks with classification into three different categories: black-box, grey-box, and white-box. We review research efforts related to open-source-defined Core Network (CN), Radio Access Network (RAN), Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), the capabilities of security threats, open-source hardware, and various implementations, including testbeds. The last but most important in this survey, lessons learned, future research direction, open research issues, pitfalls, and limitations of existing surveys on open-source wireless networks are included to motivate and encourage future research.
... The radio access network (RAN) architectures that have been mainly deployed for 5G are the C-RAN, which stands for centralised, clean, cloud, and collaborative RAN, and the distributed RAN (D-RAN). This latter one is the classic deployment most used on mobile networks today [38][39][40]. In distributed RAN architecture (D-RAN) places, all baseband units (BBUs) and remote radio heads (RRHs) at each cell site [41] communicating between them with the common public radio interface (CPRI) and its data exchange between the BBU and the core is over the backhaul, as shown in Figure 2a. ...
The deployment of the 5G mobile network is currently booming, offering commercially available services that improve network performance metrics by minimizing network latency in countries such as the USA, China, and Korea. However, many countries around the world are still in the pilot phase promoted and regulated by government agencies. This is the case in Colombia, where the assignment of the first 5G band is planned for the third quarter of 2021. By analyzing the results of the pilot phase and the roadmap of the Colombian Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies (MinTIC), we can determine the main issues, which contribute to the deployment of 5G mobile technology as well as the plans to achieve a 5G stand-alone network from 4G networks. This is applicable to other countries in Latin America and the world. Then, our objective is to synthesize and share the most important concepts of 5G mobile technology such as the MIMO (multiple input/multiple output) antenna, RAN (Radio Access Network), C-RAN (Centralised-RAN), and frequency bands, and evaluate the current stage of its introduction in Colombia.
... The configuration of the traditional D-RAN is given in Figure 25. In the D-RAN configuration, the BBU is not centralized as in C-RAN, such as in current 4G RANs, and each BBU is employed in the base station [98]. For a detailed overview of the 5G RAN topologies, please refer to [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101]. ...
... In the D-RAN configuration, the BBU is not centralized as in C-RAN, such as in current 4G RANs, and each BBU is employed in the base station [98]. For a detailed overview of the 5G RAN topologies, please refer to [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101]. With the RoF option, the complexity of the base stations is decreased since the LO is not required for base stations. ...
... The expectation is that around 2020, these next-generation mobile networks will be deployed. Researchers are investigating how to serve 1000 or more times more devices and data traffic, and achieve 1 ms latency (Jungnickel et al. 2014). 5G will bring other new features, including integration of heterogeneous networks (HetNet), network security, provisioning, extreme reliability, more bandwidth, and 90% less energy consumption (Khodashenas et al. 2016). ...
The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) leads the standards for the next‐generation mobile communication technology which is under the development. This is called 5G wireless mobile networks that has become the paradigm to bring not only solutions for the rising demand for huge data traffic but also massively connected devices, such as internet of things (IoT) and new services. Also, 5G is expected to supply the fastest, most reliable network access to support huge data traffic and massively connected nodes with low latency and high throughput. There are different new technologies that are emerging to tackle requirements of the 5G networks, such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Software‐Defined Networking (SDN), and Heterogeneous Network (HetNet). However, the new case scenarios and new system architecture of 5G HetNets are vulnerable against various attacks; therefore, we now have the unique opportunity to identify research directions for the next generation based on existing security and privacy issues as well as already proposed security mechanisms or solutions. Hence, this article presents a comprehensive survey on security issues that are happening in handover authentication and device‐to‐device (D2D) communication on 5G HetNets. The article begins with the explanation of the requirements of 5G mobile networks and gives the overall architecture of the 5G and the security architecture of the 5G systems. Subsequently, we focus security features and techniques for handover authentication and D2D group communication which incur a big security challenge in 5G HetNets. Finally, the future directions of handover and D2D security are discussed for 5G HetNets.
... It enables practitioners and scientists to support the design of fine-grained network management policies and innovative network functions in a much more straightforward, flexible, and powerful way [1]. Therefore, SDN has quickly emerged as a novel technology for future generation networks such as 5G [2] and Internet of Things (IoT) [3]. Unfortunately, the lack of smart network planning, security threats, and situation management in SDN limits its performance and applicability in the real world [4]. ...
A distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack on any of the major components (e.g., controller, switches, and southbound channel) of software defined networking (SDN) architecture is a critical security threat.
For example, the breakdown of controller could disrupt the data communication in the whole SDN network. A possible way to perform DoS is to generate a large number of new, but short length traffic flows. These flows will trigger malicious flooding requests to overload the controller and causes overflow in flow tables at SDN switches. In this paper, we propose two lightweight and practically feasible countermeasures against two different types of DDoS attacks called Route Spoofing and Resource Exhaustion in SDN networks. For Route Spoofing attack, we introduce a technique called “selective blocking”, which stops an adversary node from maliciously using other users active communication routes.
To countermeasure Resource Exhaustion attack, we propose a solution called “periodic monitoring”, which detects adversary nodes based on the traffic analysis statistics that are gathered within a time window. We implement and perform result analysis of the attacks and their proposed countermeasures. When using our proposed countermeasures in the target SDN scenarios, the simulation results indicate an adequate reduction in bandwidth consumption and processing delay of new request, and it also depicts substantial gain in packet delivery rate. Additionally, we present the receiver operating characteristic curve, which shows the sensitivity and specificity of our countermeasures along with their detection accuracy.
... Furthermore, the use cases of the integration of fronthaul and backhaul are additionally discussed. To provide a better flexibility for supporting different architectures, Jungnickel et al. [43] presented a software-defined RAN for the fronthaul and backhaul in 5G. The authors also discussed the distributed security for network slicing. ...
The rapid involution of the mobile generation with incipient data networking capabilities and utilization has exponentially increased the data traffic volumes. Such traffic drains various key issues in 5G mobile backhaul networks. Security of mobile backhaul is of utmost importance; however, there are a limited number of articles, which have explored such a requirement. This paper discusses the potential design issues and key challenges of the secure 5G mobile backhaul architecture. The comparisons of the existing state-of-the-art solutions for secure mobile backhaul together with their major contributions have been explored. Furthermore, the paper discussed various key issues related to Quality of Service (QoS), routing and scheduling, resource management, capacity enhancement, latency, security-management, and handovers using mechanisms like Software Defined Networking and millimeter Wave technologies. Moreover, the trails of research challenges and future directions are additionally presented.
... Furthermore, the use cases of the integration of fronthaul and backhaul are additionally discussed. To provide a better flexibility for supporting different architectures, Jungnickel et al. [47] presented a software-defined RAN for the fronthaul and backhaul in 5G. The authors also discussed the distributed security for network slicing. ...
The rapid involution of the mobile generation with incipient data networking capabilities and utilization has exponentially increased the data traffic volumes. Such traffic drains various key issues in 5G mobile backhaul networks. Security of mobile backhaul is of utmost importance; however, there are a limited number of articles, which have explored such a requirement. This paper discusses the potential design issues and key challenges of the secure 5G mobile backhaul architecture. The comparisons of the existing state-of-the-art solutions for secure mobile backhaul, together with their major contributions have been explored. Furthermore, the paper discussed various key issues related to Quality of Service (QoS), routing and scheduling, resource management, capacity enhancement, latency, security-management, and handovers using mechanisms like Software Defined Networking and millimeter Wave technologies. Moreover, the trails of research challenges and future directions are additionally presented.
... [2] provide an overview and encompasses the previous research works on SDN and virtualisation solutions toward 4G mobile networks architecture. The implementation of SDN concepts and its spreading into 5G core networks and 5G segments such as the mobile Backhaul network was discussed in many previous works and research efforts .In [1] ,authors propose SDN-based design for the next 5G core networks and they address the benefits and challenges of the integration of SDN in 5G backhaul .For [16] , the mobile backhaul network will be enhanced by the integration of programabilty and virtualisation which will provide the possibility to share the network resources between the different mobile operators. IPv6 will be critical protocol for 5G mobile network scenarios , with combining IPv6 and SDN , operators will be able to provide better management and scalability to 5G architecture .In this regard ,integration, unification and the benefits of IPv6 toward SDN have been dealt in several works. ...
With The rapid growth of mobile networks data and the emergence of the new services and applications, Mobile operators should pro-vide a several solutions to cope with the challenges ofthe next 5G mobile networks and to reduce costs. For these reasons, SDN was proposed to be one of the key technology trends that will facilitate the required architectural agility needed in the next 5G mobile net-works.Software Defined Networking (SDN) is the highly promising technology to provide innovation and enforce the main drivers in 5G mo-bile networks such as flexibility, suability, service–oriented management and to reduce costs by the softwarization of the 5G Core net-works functions.Thus, there is an immediate need to study the fundamental architectural principles of SDN, and to analyzethe integration and application scenarios of this architecture into the next 5G mobile networks. In this paper, we present a survey on the most relevant research works on SDN concepts and SDN integration in mobile networks. We propose a SDN-based architecture for 5G mobile network; we give an over-view of SDN requirements and challenges for SDN integration in 5G, we address the benefits of IPv6 overSDNin 5G and finally we provide thebenefits of SDN integration in 5G mobile networks
... [2] provide an overview and encompasses the previous research works on SDN and virtualisation solutions toward 4G mobile networks architecture. The implementation of SDN concepts and its spreading into 5G core networks and 5G segments such as the mobile Backhaul network was discussed in many previous works and research efforts .In [1] ,authors propose SDN-based design for the next 5G core networks and they address the benefits and challenges of the integration of SDN in 5G backhaul .For [16] , the mobile backhaul network will be enhanced by the integration of programabilty and virtualisation which will provide the possibility to share the network resources between the different mobile operators. IPv6 will be critical protocol for 5G mobile network scenarios , with combining IPv6 and SDN , operators will be able to provide better management and scalability to 5G architecture .In this regard ,integration, unification and the benefits of IPv6 toward SDN have been dealt in several works. ...
With The rapid growth of mobile networks data and the emergence of the new services and applications, Mobile operators should provide a several solutions to cope with the challenges of the next 5G mobile networks and to reduce costs. For these reasons, SDN was proposed to be one of the key technology trends that will facilitate the required architectural agility needed in the next 5G mobile networks.Software Defined Networking (SDN) is the highly promising technology to provide innovation and enforce the main drivers in 5G mobile networks such as flexibility, suability, service–oriented management and to reduce costs by the softwarization of the 5G Core networks functions.Thus, there is an immediate need to study the fundamental architectural principles of SDN, and to analyze the integration and application scenarios of this architecture into the next 5G mobile networks. In this paper, we present a survey on the most relevant research works on SDN concepts and SDN integration in mobile networks. We propose a SDN-based architecture for 5G mobile network; we give an over-view of SDN requirements and challenges for SDN integration in 5G, we address the benefits of IPv6 over SDN in 5G and finally we provide the benefits of SDN integration in 5G mobile networks.
