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This report was the product of a GESAMP Working Group, consisting of 15 independent experts based in North America, South America, Asia, Africa, Europe and Australasia. The report was edited by Kershaw, Turra and Galgani. It with provides recommendations to encourage a more harmonised approach to the monitoring and assessment of plastic litter, inc...
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Objective
To systematically review and provide information on the incidence of psoriasis and quantify global, regional, and country specific estimates of its prevalence.
Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data sources
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Citations
Micro-and nanoplastics (M/NPs) are emerging pollutants released into the food, beverages, and environment from plastic products by weathering, oxidative damage, and mechanical stress. Detection of M/NPs in food and beverages is a vital factor in preventing the deleterious effects of these materials on human health and other ecosystems. Analytical strategies for M/NPs demonstrate numerous drawbacks, including detection sensitivity limitation, matrix digestion, and sample pretreatment. Moreover, the content of M/NPs in food and beverages varies with food production, storage, and transport, making it hard to precisely detect them. The contamination route is a key factor affecting the level of M/NPs in food and beverages. Strict control over the contamination route could be beneficial in preventing M/NP pollution. This review highlighted routes of food and beverage contamination by M/NPs, various pros and cons of detection strategies, and critical interpretation of reported techniques, including microscopy, spectroscopy, light scattering, and thermal methods. Besides, the bottlenecks of detection and quantification approaches for M/NPs and recent advancements have also been highlighted. Much is still unknown concerning the fate, activities, and properties of M/NPs present in various matrices. This review aims to assist the investigators to tackle the drawbacks and pave the way for upcoming research, minimizing the health complications by regulating the control over M/NPs pollution.
