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An experimental investigation was carried out to compare the compressive strength of zero slump and high slump concrete with high volume fly ash. 40% to 70% replacements of OPC (by weight) with class F fly ash have been incorporated. Superplasticizer was added at 1% of binder (cement + fly ash) to the zero slump mixture to get a slump in the range...
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Citations
... Contrary to the jute fiber addition nature, the workability of JFRC mixes increases with the incorporation level of fly ash in the concrete mixes, as represented in Fig. 3. In comparison, fly ash replacement ranging from 0 to 15 % intensifies the workability value in the range of 3-12 mm, which is consistent with the research of [21,48,49]. Therefore, the spherical shape of the fly ash elements acts as minuscule ball bearings within the JFRC mix, serving a lubricant effect. ...
The utilization of waste fly ash and natural jute fiber has drawn attention to producing sustain-able concrete. However, there is a lack of studies to analyze the synergistic effect of jute fiber andfly ash on the properties of concrete. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the combinedeffect of fly ash concentration and the different sizes of jute fiber on the fresh, hardened, and non-destructive testing properties of concrete. Concerning the purpose, the concrete mixes wereprepared with 0.2 % and 0.4 % jute fiber incorporating 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % replacement ofcement by fly ash in concrete. For the assessment of properties, slump, density, and compactingfactor test was conducted at the fresh state of concrete, whereas mechanical properties such ascompressive, splitting tensile, and flexure strength test were conducted at 7 and 28 days. Inaddition, the non-destructive test (NDT) was also carried out to predict the destructivecompressive strength by rebound hammer at 28 days. The microstructure property of optimummix concrete was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is observed that theincorporation of jute fiber decreased the slump, density, and compacting factor but increased thecompressive, splitting tensile, and flexure strength, whereas the fly ash improved both fresh andhardened properties. Compared to the standard mix, fly ash-based JFRC mixtures havecompressive strength improvements varying from 1.7 % to 25.9 %. The 10 % fly ash and 0.2 %volume of jute fiber exhibited a maximum of 11.64 % and 10.72 % splitting tensile and flexuralstrength enhancement at 28 days, respecting the control mix. In addition, the NDT strengthassessment obtained 5.5 % less than destructive strength on average. From the SEM point of view,it is obtained that the 10 % fly ash with 0.2 % jute fiber composition matrix exhibits a betterbonding interface and the cracking resistance nature of the concrete mix
... Slump value changes with time [9]. It is also found out adding lime stone and gypsum with fly ash play role as a soil stabilizer which is better for environmentally friendly [10][11][12]. ...
... In addition to these studies, various authors such as S. Mukherjee et.al., (2013) conducted researches up to 60% replacement of fly ash in concrete create zero slump concrete that ' s shows high compressive strength [11] ...
For a better sustainable progressive world, construction industry turned wider gradually. It is well known fact that cement concrete is main component of construction for our modern civilization. Now days, fly ash is used as the most potential replacement material in cement concrete, as production of cement very badly harm our environment. Reports show that one tonne cement produces one tonne carbon dioxide in our environment and responsible for global warming. After successive research work, it is proven that replacement of high volume fly ash (above 50%) which is pozzolanic in material (consists of siliceous and aluminous compounds) in cement paste helps to achieve high strength, porosity, heat of hydration, micro structure as well as very economical and eco-friendly against normal cement paste. This paper mainly highlights on the detailed study of rheological and strength properties of high volume fly ash concrete (50%-70% replacement of cement in various grades of fly ash mixed as per IS standards) in addition with various additives and melamine based admixture. In addition to this, other properties such as consistency, hardening and stiffening, workability, mechanical properties are studied. This overall study include experimental program on various concrete specimen with varied cementitious content along with admixtures.
... To access the generalization ability of the ANN model, 407 sets of FA-concrete strength data were collected [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. The predicted value of ANN model and the experimental values were compared and analyzed. ...
High volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) has been widely used, and the mix proportion of HVFAC is
usually designed based on the required compressive strength. Therefore, the research of HVFAC
under the condition of equal strength has more engineering application value. However, in the
current mix proportion design standard, there is no special discussion on the mix proportion
design method of HVFAC. In this study, the compressive strength of HVFAC affected by four
factors (water-binder ratio, FA content, curing method and curing age) was systematically
studied. Based on 594 sets of strength data obtained from experiments, the method to determine
the key mix proportion parameters (water-binder ratio and FA content) of equal strength HVFAC
was proposed through machine learning algorithms (ML). Two ML methods (i.e., a multiple linear
regression (MLR) and an artificial neural networks (ANN)) were developed to predict the HVFAC
compressive strength and then their performances were compared. Through comparison, it was
found that the mean absolute error and root mean squared error of the ANN model were both
lower than the MLR model, and the ANN model has lower error and higher accuracy. In addition,
the reliability of the proposed ANN model was verified with data in other literatures, the results
showed the errors between the predicted values and the measured values are lower than 25%. The
weight contribution rate of each factor to the strength was calculated. Among the four factors, the
curing age had the greatest impact on the compressive strength, which contributes up to 60.3%.
The influence degree of FA content is greater than that of water-binder ratio. With the development of curing age, the influence degree of FA content and water-binder ratio on the strength
gradually decreases while the curing method increases. Finally, according to the ANN prediction
results, the key mix parameters design method for equal strength HVFAC under multi-factor
conditions was proposed, which provide guidance for concrete preparation in actual engineering.
... The acid resistance of HVFAC concrete was tested using 105 mm × 210 mm cylindrical specimens at the age of 90-day ASTM C 267-01 [37]. The cylindrical samples were immersed in a 5% sulfuric acid concentration test solution. ...
A possible step toward creating sustainable concrete is using fly ash as a cement substitute material. The study work discussed in this paper aims to generate helpful information about the strength and durability of concrete containing a significant amount of fly ash. Laboratory tests were done on high-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) to examine its compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, abrasion resistance, impact resistance, and acid resistance. A total of six different concrete mixes were created by replacing varying percentages of cement with fly ash, ranging from 0 to 70% by mass. The laboratory tests revealed that increasing the percentage of fly ash in concrete by more than 30% reduces the compressive and flexural strengths. The addition of a significant amount of fly ash to concrete (between 40 and 70%) led to a decrease in its abrasion resistance and impact resistance, as well as an increase in its water absorption and an improvement in its resistance to acid. The outcome of this study extends the general concept of HVFAC and its applications to a wider range of construction projects.
... High slump values of HVFA is attributed to the reduction of shear force between the fine aggregate particles due to the ball-bearing effect of fly ash [82] The optimum workability of HVFA is attained when fly ash is used to replace 40% to 60% of portland cement weight within the mix [83]. However, the use of fly ash in replacement more than 60% of portland cement may result in reduced workability [84,85] due to the higher specific area of fly ash particles as compared to cement [86,87]. ...
This paper discusses the use of fly ash in concrete construction industry. Fly ash is incorporated as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete in partial replacement of cement, and is recently used as a geopolymer cement in the development of geopolymer concrete (GPC) mixes. Class C and Class F fly ash high aluminosilicate content, and fine granular size contributes to concrete improved workability, lower permeability, and reduced heat of cement hydration. Due to its chemical properties, the use of fly ash in producing OPC and GPC results in increased compressive strength, higher tensile strength evaluated by measuring hardened concrete modulus of rupture (MOR), and higher modulus of elasticity (MOE). The fine size of fly ash particles increases the concrete mix packing order, and reduce the ingress of moisture, and mitigates the impact of aggressive environmental attacks through the reduction of sulfates and chlorides rate of concrete penetration. Thus, fly ash improves concrete resistivity to alkali-aggregate reactions (AAR), and reduces the corrosion of reinforcing steel, and prestressing strands. Fly ash as an economic byproduct of coal industry results in reduced material cost, increased durability, and a higher sustainability of concrete construction projects.
... Good workable fly ash concrete at a low water-binder ratio can be obtained with a superabundant dosage of superplasticizer [45]. Slump values increased with increasing fly ash replacements of cement [46,47] because fly ash has a higher specific surface area and lower specific gravity than Portland cement. Slump appeared to reduce with increasing rice husk ash [48]. ...
The popularity of concrete has resulted in the considerable consumption of natural resources and significant emission of CO2 gas into the atmosphere. The key constituents of the concrete are the cement and the natural aggregates. These major concrete elements are recommended to be replaced with other materials to solve sustainability issues. Hence, by-products like pulverized granular blast-furnace slag, fly ash, rice husk ash, silica fume, recycled coarse aggregates etc., are added to the concrete to utilize the waste products and produce sustainable concrete. Cement manufacturing accounts for 8 to 10% of total global CO2 emissions. The construction industry is progressively adopting green concrete use in buildings because of its inherent benefits and limitations of traditional concrete. Green concrete is available in a variety of forms such as high-volume fly ash concrete, alkali-activated concrete, recycled aggregate concrete, ultra-high performance concrete, geopolymer concrete etc. Green concrete has various environmental, technical, and economic advantages i.e., greater durability, enhanced workability, and pumpability, decreased permeability, controlled bleeding, higher acid resistance, and decreased plastic shrinkage cracking. These properties encourage faster concrete production, shorter curing times, lower construction costs, earlier project completion, lower maintenance costs, and longer service life of construction projects. This review article aims to comprehensively explain the fresh, hardened, and durability properties of green concrete and knowledge gaps in green concrete. The literature revealed that further research is needed to accurately assess the long-term properties, notably creep and shrinkage behaviour of structural or reinforced elements of green concrete.
... Mukharjee et al. (Mukherjee et al., 2013) found a relatively higher density in OPC concrete without FA, likely due to OPC's higher specific gravity than the FA. The study found that the bulk density decreased as the FA content increased by 40 to 60 %. ...
Concrete has a tremendous influence on the environment since the majority of its composition is cement, which is a material that emits high levels of carbon dioxide. It is possible for concrete construction to have a lower impact on the environment if the usage of cement is reduced as much as possible by the addition of mineral admixtures such as fly ash, without sacrificing the durability standards at the same time. The disposal of fly ash, which is produced by power stations that burn coal for fuel, is recognised as one of the most pressing envi- ronmental issues. When there is a simultaneous increase in the amount of fly ash and a decline in the capacity of landfills, it is much more difficult to find a solution to this problem. The research on fly ash admixed concrete is analysed and discussed in this publication. There have been many studies conducted on the topic of fly ash concrete and its beneficial effects. In this study, the fresh and hardened properties of fly ash concrete, such as mechanical properties, durability parameters, and microstructural characteristics, are studied. Additionally, the useful application case studies of fly ash concrete published by the American Coal Ash Association are also summarised.
... Mukharjee et al. (Mukherjee et al., 2013) found a relatively higher density in OPC concrete without FA, likely due to OPC's higher specific gravity than the FA. The study found that the bulk density decreased as the FA content increased by 40 to 60 %. ...
Concrete has a tremendous influence on the environment since the majority of its composition is cement, which is a material that emits high levels of carbon dioxide. It is possible for concrete construction to have a lower impact on the environment if the usage of cement is reduced as much as possible by the addition of mineral admixtures such as fly ash, without sacrificing the durability standards at the same time. The disposal of fly ash, which is produced by power stations that burn coal for fuel, is recognised as one of the most pressing environmental issues. When there is a simultaneous increase in the amount of fly ash and a decline in the capacity of landfills, it is much more difficult to find a solution to this problem. The research on fly ash admixed concrete is analysed and discussed in this publication. There have been many studies conducted on the topic of fly ash concrete and its beneficial effects. In this study, the fresh and hardened properties of fly ash concrete, such as mechanical properties, durability parameters, and microstructural characteristics, are studied. Additionally, the useful application case studies of fly ash concrete published by the American Coal Ash Association are also summarised.
... In contrast, Dunstan et al. (1992) referred to any concrete containing more than 40% of FA as HVFA concrete. Many experimental investigations have recommended 30-70% cement replacement by FA for concrete having 28 days strength of [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] MPa [3,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Sivasundaram et al. (1990) observed the strength development of HVFA concrete over three years. ...
This paper discusses the properties of dried sewage sludge (SS) and its influence on the microstructure development of HVFA concrete when used as a partial replacement of binder material. A detailed characterization of dried sludge samples collected from a sewage treatment plant is carried out using XRF, XRD, TGA, and FTIR techniques. HVFA concrete mix is designed for 50 MPa with 50% fly ash of the total binder content. Sludge is ground to a particle size of 150 µ and 75 µ and replaced at levels of 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total binder content. The strength activity index of the dried sludge sample is acceptable as per standards. Taking concrete mixes with HVFA as a reference, the fresh properties of binder paste and concrete with sewage sludge have been studied. Mechanical properties that define the applicability to various infrastructure projects are reported for all the studied mixes. EI, CI, COST per unit compressive strength for all mixes are also determined to comment on the environmental impact of the use of SS in concrete. The compressive strength of concrete specimens decreases with the increase in replacement level of SS. However, in comparison with OPC concrete, 75 µm SS at 5% replacement level concrete mechanical strength is within the acceptable limit for M50 concrete mix. The addition of SS as a binder to the concrete has a lower environmental impact, embodied energy, CO 2 emission, and cost per unit strength. But more than 10% replacement level resulted in reducing CS, FS, and STS by 11.17%, 6.23%, and 6.99%.
Graphical abstract
... As demonstrated in Figures 3 and 4, ( Dhiyaneshwaran et al., 2013) and (Sahmaran et al., 2009) conducted tests that indicate that workability (as assessed by D and t50) increases with increasing fly ash substitution up to a certain percentage, then gradually decreases, but remains higher than control concrete. This could be because the small size and spherically shaped particles of fly ash reduce friction between cement paste and aggregates at low replacement levels (Bendapudi & Saha,2011) but as the percentage of fly ash replacement increases, the concrete's workability decreases due to the high surface area of fly ash in the concrete (Xu & Shi, 2018;Mukherjee et al., 2013;Valdez, 2011). The geometry and surface roughness of the FA (Sahmaran et al., 2007), as well as the rate of PC replacement by FA (Xu & Shi, 2018), have a significant impact on the workability of fly ash concrete. ...
Cement is one of the most widely used building materials on the planet. Cement manufacturing has also increased carbon emissions to their greatest level in recent years. Alternative or low-emissions binders have become more popular as a partial cement substitute in recent years. Because of its huge yearly output as waste material and low cost, fly ash is now regarded as one of the most accessible choices. Fly ash-based construction materials have a lot of promise as cement substitutes because of their high performance and inexpensive cost. The purpose of this article is to look at how fly ash affects the workability, setting time, compressive strength, and tensile strength of concrete. The kinds and characteristics of fly ash were also investigated.
