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The buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita) is a small primate endemic to the montane regions of the southeastern Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The species was formerly listed as “Vulnerable” (VU) on the Brazilian Official National List of Threatened Fauna Species, but in December 2014 it was re-classified as “Endangered” (EN) as a result of hab...
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... analysis for owl monkey species is particularly important as it is difficult to differentiate between individ- uals or determine group dynamics because they are noc- turnal. A vocal assessment could potentially be used to dif- ferentiate individuals and assess group membership during new group encounters simply based on bioacoustics ( Salmi et al. 2014). The objective of this study, consequently, was to add to the Aotus bioacoustic literature by sampling sev- eral geographically dispersed groups of wild A. nigriceps ( Fig. 1) in southeastern Peru. Groups of 2-7 researchers searched for night monkey groups from 5:30-7:30 am and 5:30-7:30 pm, times when A. nigriceps groups are known to be active near their nesting sites. Two recordings took place before 5:30 am, when researchers left the field station early to visit more distant night monkey groups. Additional vocalizations were heard during the day, though none were included in this study. A Zoom H1 Handy Recorder was coupled with a RØDE NTG-2 condenser shotgun microphone and shoe shockmount on a micro boompole. Recordings were collected at a sampling frequency of 48 kHz at a dis- tance varying from 2-25 m. Certain groups were sampled more extensively than others, due to logistic feasibility. When feasible, behaviors associated with vocalizations were categorized into three activities: resting, traveling, or feeding. All calls were compared to the three ...
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... August of 2010, we found a male tassel-eared marmo- set (Mico humeralifer) (Fig. 1b) that died from being run over on the BR 230 Trans-Amazonian Highway, inside the Amazon National Park in Itaituba, PA (04031'26.1"S and 56018'2.2"W-Datum SAD69). Other marmosets were on the same road, at a distance of approximately 70 m from the dead marmoset during its removal by the researchers (Fig. ...
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... August of 2010, we found a male tassel-eared marmo- set (Mico humeralifer) (Fig. 1b) that died from being run over on the BR 230 Trans-Amazonian Highway, inside the Amazon National Park in Itaituba, PA (04031'26.1"S and 56018'2.2"W-Datum SAD69). Other marmosets were on the same road, at a distance of approximately 70 m from the dead marmoset during its removal by the researchers (Fig. ...
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... de estudo O trabalho de campo foi conduzido em 21 fragmentos de Mata Atlântica, localizados no município de Taubaté (23° 01' 30" S e 45° 33' 31" W), Vale do Paraíba, SP (Fig. 1). A região apresenta temperatura média de 22°C e 1,335 mm de precipitação anual, tendo duas estações bem definidas: uma chuvosa que corresponde ao verão e outra seca que corresponde ao inverno (Fisch, 1995). ...
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... observations help fill gaps regarding the spatial dis- tribution of the species in its southern portion, for which, according with Sampaio et al. (2012), evidence is still mea- ger. The records presented here, added to those of Sampaio et al. (2012) and Gusmão and Costa (2014), constitute the known southern distributional limits of the species (see Fig. 1). The three observations described for sampling site 1 are on the right bank of the Guaporé River at the Bra- zil and Bolivia border, like the record made by Gusmão and Costa (2014), drawing attention to the possible oc- currence of P. cinerascens in Bolivia. Factors such as the narrow width and sinuosity of the river in some portions of this area, together with the number of water hyacinths that are carried downstream, may favor the crossing of the species to the left bank of the river, where one of the largest preserved remnants of Bolivia, Noel Kempff National Park, is located. New expeditions are recommended for assessing the sta- tus of the species in the region of Alto Vale Guaporé. In- cursions that also contemplate the left bank of the Gua- poré River, for evaluation of the inference raised here are ...
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... black titi was observed three times at sampling site 1. The first recording took place on July 24, 2015 around 5:00 pm with two individuals photographed in the cano- py of a tree approximately 50 meters from the right bank of the Guaporé River (13°47'44.52"S / 60°27'55.31"W). The second recording was performed on July 28, 2015 around 10:00 am, through visual and auditory con- tact with two individuals, where one was photographed (13°45'32.98"S / 60°25'8.23"W). The third record was from July 29, 2015, around 10:00 am, when two indi- viduals were photographed (individuals 1 and 2) and ob- served foraging in the canopy of a tree (13°45'22.98"S / 60°25'11.97"W) (Fig. 1). The first photograph of the species in the wild was presented by Sampaio et al. (2012), and so far, no new images from wild animals have been published. Here we present two more photos of the species, which may be useful for identifying them in other areas (Figs. 2 and 3). At sampling site 2, the species was recorded through visual contact on August 4, 2015 while two individuals moved through vegeta- tion (13°59'18.48"S / 60°15'26.61"W) (see Fig. 1). This sampling site is threatened due to current deforestation pressure occurring in the region of the municipal port of ...
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... black titi was observed three times at sampling site 1. The first recording took place on July 24, 2015 around 5:00 pm with two individuals photographed in the cano- py of a tree approximately 50 meters from the right bank of the Guaporé River (13°47'44.52"S / 60°27'55.31"W). The second recording was performed on July 28, 2015 around 10:00 am, through visual and auditory con- tact with two individuals, where one was photographed (13°45'32.98"S / 60°25'8.23"W). The third record was from July 29, 2015, around 10:00 am, when two indi- viduals were photographed (individuals 1 and 2) and ob- served foraging in the canopy of a tree (13°45'22.98"S / 60°25'11.97"W) (Fig. 1). The first photograph of the species in the wild was presented by Sampaio et al. (2012), and so far, no new images from wild animals have been published. Here we present two more photos of the species, which may be useful for identifying them in other areas (Figs. 2 and 3). At sampling site 2, the species was recorded through visual contact on August 4, 2015 while two individuals moved through vegeta- tion (13°59'18.48"S / 60°15'26.61"W) (see Fig. 1). This sampling site is threatened due to current deforestation pressure occurring in the region of the municipal port of ...
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... em resposta as interações com humanos Os alimentos oferecidos foram identificados e classificados em três categorias: Frutas (banana, maçã, melancia; 57 % (13)), Massas (pão, biscoito, polvilho, 17 % (4)) e Doces (bombons, balas, 26 % (6)) (Fig. 1). Destaca-se que as ba- nanas, porém, foram o alimento oferecido com maior fre- quência (48 % (11)) dentre todos os alimentos ofertados, provavelmente devido ao hábito das pessoas de associar as bananas como comida de macaco. A ingestão destes ali- mentos de alto nível calórico, podem aumentar os níveis de glicose e colesterol, causar obesidade, problemas cardía- cos e diabetes, o açúcar pode provocar o aparecimento de cáries e seu baixo potencial nutritivo pode causar déficit nutricional aos macacos (Sabbatini et al., 2006). A in- gestão de lixo também foi observada (Fig. 2), alimentos em péssimo estado de conservação, como os que são en- contrados no lixo, podem alterar a função gastrintestinal, e ...
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... buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita, Figure 1) is a small callitrichid 500-580 mm in head-body length (Vivo, 1991) and 400-450 g ( Garber, 1992) in weight. It is endemic to montane regions of the Atlantic Forest in the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo (northeastern part), and Minas Gerais (southeastern part) (Coimbra-Filho, 1991;Brandão and Develey, 1998;Melo et al., 2015). The species was formerly listed as Vulnerable (VU) on the Official National List of Threatened Species (Melo and Rylands, 2008) and the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Rylands et al., 2008), as well as the Rio de Janeiro state list ( Bergallo et al., 2000). In 2010, however, it was listed as Endangered (EN) in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil, 2010). São Paulo state maintained it as Vulnerable until 2014 (Port-Carvalho and Kierulff, 2009), when it was also re-categorized as Endangered (Brazil, São Paulo, 2012). In December 2014, the species was classified as Endangered on the Brazilian national list (Brazil, MMA, 2014), and has been indicated for this category in the recent (2015) international reassessment of the IUCN Red List (IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, in prep.). The main reason for the reassessment was the inference of a population re- duction of at least 50 % over three generations (18 years) resulting from habitat loss, forest fragmentation, and, espe- cially, competition and hybridization with invasive marmo- sets (Callithrix ...
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... Amazon National Park has 1,084,895 ha and is situ- ated in western Pará State (Figure 1a). It is transected by the Trans-Amazonian Highway (BR-230) in the Itaituba -Jacareacanga stretch, which is unpaved, 112 km long, and has little vehicular traffic (Brusnello et al., 2010). The Park had its boundaries amended by Law number 12 678 of June 25, 2012(Brazil, 2012. One of the objectives of this amendment was to enable the construction of the São Luiz Hydropower Plant (UHE), which will cause flooding in the southern part of the Park reaching stretches of the BR-230 highway (Fig. 1a). In addition to all the negative impacts related to habitat alteration, this venture should cause an increase in vehicle traffic on BR-230. Despite the existence of the highway and considering the rich fauna of primates in the Amazon National Park (Branch, 1983), there are no published record of primates run over by ve- hicles in the area ( Brusnello et al.., ...
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... Amazon National Park has 1,084,895 ha and is situ- ated in western Pará State (Figure 1a). It is transected by the Trans-Amazonian Highway (BR-230) in the Itaituba -Jacareacanga stretch, which is unpaved, 112 km long, and has little vehicular traffic (Brusnello et al., 2010). The Park had its boundaries amended by Law number 12 678 of June 25, 2012(Brazil, 2012. One of the objectives of this amendment was to enable the construction of the São Luiz Hydropower Plant (UHE), which will cause flooding in the southern part of the Park reaching stretches of the BR-230 highway (Fig. 1a). In addition to all the negative impacts related to habitat alteration, this venture should cause an increase in vehicle traffic on BR-230. Despite the existence of the highway and considering the rich fauna of primates in the Amazon National Park (Branch, 1983), there are no published record of primates run over by ve- hicles in the area ( Brusnello et al.., ...
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... Callithrix aurita is an endemic species from the Atlantic Forest and occurs in inland and altitudinal forests (up to 1300 m) in the southernmost limit of the natural range distribution of the genus (Ferrari et al. 1996;Melo et al. 2021). Nowadays, C. aurita co-occurs with two other (invasive) Callithrix species: Callithrix penicillata, a parapatric species with C. aurita, which was introduced in allochthonous areas, but that has also expanded its natural distribution to new adjacent areas along with anthropogenic landscape changes (Vale et al. 2020;Carvalho et al. 2018;Malukiewicz 2019); and Callithrix jacchus, which was brought by humans from the northeastern region of Brazil . The main cause for the introduction of C. jacchus in allochthonous areas is the illegal pet trade Silva et al. 2018;Malukiewicz 2019). ...
... Although we focused this study on the problem of C. jacchus invasion, the presence of invasive C. penicillata is also important to be evaluated and targeted by management, hindering its expansion where C. aurita still persists. C. penicillata also shows more generalist habits than C. aurita and may hybridize in the contact zones (Vale et al. 2020;Carvalho et al. 2013Carvalho et al. , 2018. Therefore, their distribution also deserves attention in the implementation of C. aurita conservation measures. ...
Habitat loss, fragmentation and invasive species are the major causes of biodiversity loss. In the Atlantic Forest, Callithrix aurita is threatened by habitat modification and the invasion of Callithrix jacchus. We evaluated how landscape variables and a local one, the distance to the roads, influence the presence of the native and invasive species within the distribution range of the native. For that, we retrieved data on the presence of C. aurita and C. jacchus from published papers. Comparing species, C. aurita occurs in higher altitudes and lesser urbanized areas than C. jacchus. In presence modeling, the probability of presence of the native C. aurita was higher within deforested landscapes with intense road traffic, while the presence of the invasive species, C. jacchus, was increased in urbanized areas, mostly in non-mountainous terrain, confirming its generalist habits. If such results are not related to biased detectability, C. aurita are living in suboptimal areas, and probably should be more affected by the presence of invasive species. These opposite characteristics of the species highlighted some regions in which conservation measures should be guided, where C. aurita is probably more present and the negative influence of C. jacchus is still limited.
... As espécies envolvidas são Callithrix jacchus, natural dos biomas Cerrado e Caatinga e Callithrix penicillata, encontrado principalmente no nordeste brasileiro. A crescente invasão por C. jacchus e C. penicillata tem afetado rapidamente as populações nativas de C. aurita, fazendo com que estes sejam suprimidos, perdendo seu espaço para indivíduos híbridos (CARVALHO et al, 2018). ...
... Tais populações ainda sofrem com um aumento potencial da incidência de alterações genéticas, problemas demográficos e ecológicos resultantes de endogamia, como oportunidades reprodutivas, limitação de recursos disponíveis e aumento da suscetibilidade a doenças. (CARVALHO et al, 2018). ...
... Durante o 1º Callitrichid Conservation Husbandry Workshop, foram estabelecidos os passos iniciais para conservação de C. aurita, priorizando os objetivos de pesquisar e determinar áreas de ocorrência de C. aurita sob um protocolo de campo padronizado, expandir o programa de melhoramento da espécie em cativeiro, identificar áreas prioritárias de conservação de C. aurita, e estabelecer refúgios para populações silvestres da espécie e realizar investigações necessárias a fim de apoiar uma gestão adaptativa para efetivar o plano de conservação da espécie. (CARVALHO, et al 2018). ...
... This percentage is among what is currently recommended by several researchers in this field as a reasonable limit for protection 56,57 representing an advance in relation to the minimum of 75% proposed in the intercross policy of 1996 57,58 . In Brazil, the recent creation of a captive breeding program 12 can provide the necessary support to deepen the genetic, reproductive and physiological research regarding C. aurita hybrids. However, to a coherent hybrid policy, ecological features and historical process that resulted in admixture individuals should be incorporated 57 . ...
The native marmoset of the Southeastern Atlantic Forest in Brazil is among the 25 most endangered primates of the world. Hybridization with alien species is one of its main threats registered since the early 2000s based on phenotype, so far, without genetic confirmation. Using uniparental molecular markers, we analyzed 18 putative hybrids, captured from 2004 to 2013 in different localities of the Atlantic Forest. A nine base pair deletion in the SRY gene of C. aurita was used to investigate paternal ancestry. Maternal ancestry was assessed by DNA sequencing of ca. 455 bp from the COX2 gene. Hybridization was confirmed for 16 out of the 18 marmosets since they inherited COX2 haplotypes of the alien C. penicillata or C. jacchus and the SRY deletion specific to C. aurita. Two individuals inherited both parental lineages of C. aurita, which is probably related to backcrossing or hybrid interbreeding. The direction of hybridization of females with the matrilineal lineage of invasive species with males descending from the native lineage was predominant in our sampling. This is the first time that hybridization between C. aurita and invasive species has been confirmed through genetic analysis.
... Tal ameaça vem causando o isolamento das populações remanescentes, deixando-as susceptíveis a eventos deletérios, como a endogamia (Santana et al., 2008;Vale, 2016). Outra grande ameaça é a introdução de espécies alóctones do gênero Callithrix dentro de sua área de distribuição, frequentemente em consequência do tráfico ilegal de animais silvestres (Mittermeier, 1982;Carvalho et al., 2018) e de solturas indevidas (Silva et al., 2018). Devido à proximidade filogenética, as espécies do gênero Callithrix podem acasalar entre si, formando descendentes híbridos férteis e, com isso, causando a erosão genética das populações de C. aurita (Carvalho et al., 2018;Silva et al., 2018;Melo et al. 2020). ...
... Outra grande ameaça é a introdução de espécies alóctones do gênero Callithrix dentro de sua área de distribuição, frequentemente em consequência do tráfico ilegal de animais silvestres (Mittermeier, 1982;Carvalho et al., 2018) e de solturas indevidas (Silva et al., 2018). Devido à proximidade filogenética, as espécies do gênero Callithrix podem acasalar entre si, formando descendentes híbridos férteis e, com isso, causando a erosão genética das populações de C. aurita (Carvalho et al., 2018;Silva et al., 2018;Melo et al. 2020). ...
Callithrix aurita é um pequeno primata endêmico da Mata Atlântica brasileira e considerado “em perigo” de extinção (EN) devido à perda e fragmentação de seus habitat e à competição e hibridação com congêneres invasores. Nesse contexto, identificar fragmentos florestais habitados por Callithrix spp. é uma das estratégias prioritárias para a sua conservação. Como as populações de C. aurita podem estar subamostradas pelas diversas técnicas de detecção, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do playback como método auxiliar à busca ativa de Callithrix spp. em fragmentos da microrregião de Viçosa. Para tal, considerou-se a taxa de resposta de Callithrix spp. em relação ao tamanho do fragmento e o horário do dia. Quinze fragmentos foram vistoriados, com 88 pontos de playback. Não houve registro de C. aurita, mas houve resposta de Callithrix spp. em 5,68% das execuções. As respostas foram obtidas entre 07h - 08h ou entre 16 - 17h. As maiores taxas de resposta de Callithrix spp. ocorreram em fragmentos maiores que 100ha, seguido por fragmentos entre 50ha e 100ha, e por fragmentos menores que 50ha. O horário do dia está intimamente ligado à temperatura; portanto, os horários de maior responsividade ao playback são corroborados pelo fato de haver perdas abaixo do esperado na propagação do som. Não houve interferência significativa da área do fragmento e do horário nas respostas de Callithrix spp. Assim, a técnica de playback demonstrou-se útil para levantamentos de Callithrix, independentemente de seu tamanho, em especial quando executado no início do dia ou fim da tarde.
... O tamanho total da população de C. aurita é estimado entre 10.000 a 11.000 indivíduos maduros, apresentando tendência ao declínio e uma redução de 50% ao longo das últimas três gerações, estando listada como "em perigo" tanto pela Lista Vermelha da IUCN quanto pelo Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção (CARVALHO et al., 2018;MELO et al., 2018;MELO et al., 2021). A maior parte da população remanescente da espécie encontra-se isolada (DETOGNE et al., 2017). ...
... A maior parte da população remanescente da espécie encontra-se isolada (DETOGNE et al., 2017). A perda e fragmentação dos habitats, a competição e hibridação com congêneres alóctones (principalmente C. jacchus e C. penicillata) (NORRIS et al., 2011;CARVALHO et al., 2018;MALUKIEWICZ, 2018) As metodologias de levantamento variaram entre os trabalhos. Foi utilizada a busca ativa, realizando caminhadas pelas bordas dos fragmentos ou em trilhas préexistentes nos interiores das matas. ...
... E em um dos locais ondeVital et al. (2020) registraram o sagui-da-serra-escuro no município em 2017, observamos apenas es-pécimes híbridos. Este curto espaço de tempo para a suplantação de grupos aparentemente puros ou indivíduos de C. aurita em mais de uma localidade demonstra a já mencionada grande capacidade invasiva das espécies alóctones ou formas híbridas.Em toda a distribuição de C. aurita, saguis invasores e híbridos já são amplamente encontrados em áreas de mata contínua, conservadas ou perturbadas, e até mesmo em unidades de conservação de proteção integral(NOGUEIRA et al., 2011;CARVALHO;XAVIER; ESBÉRARD, 2015;AXIMOFF et al., 2016;DETOGNE et al., 2017;MALUKIEWICZ, 2018). Isso sugere que embora C. aurita sejatipicamente florestal (JERUSALINSKY; MELO, 2018), a conservação da espécie não depende apenas da criação de áreas de floresta protegidas, mas carece, adicionalmente, de um trabalho de manejo integrado, com ações in situ e ex situ visando o incremento de populações nativas, o controle de populações invasoras, como também a educação ambiental em detrimento do tráfico de animais e da proliferação de saguis invasores e híbridos (MENDES; BRANDÃO; IGAYARA, 2016). ...
Callithrix aurita, endemic to the Atlantic Forest, is one of the most endangered primates in the world, due to habitat fragmentation, deforestation, hybridization and competition with other species of the genus. Through new records of the species and its congeners in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, we can contribute to the conservation of C. aurita, informing about the expansion of invasive marmosets and hybridization in its area of occurrence. In fragments inspected through active search and with use of playback, between 2017 and 2021, a total of 137 groups of marmosets were identified in 18 municipalities, among which 13 were groups of C. aurita, four of C. penicillata and 110 groups of hybrid forms. The sampled points alert to the need to define priority areas for the conservation of C. aurita, in addition to the urgency of its management and of its allochthonous species and hybrid forms, preventing the continuity of hybridization and consequent extinction of the species
... Este panorama configura não somente a situação do município em que o referente estudo foi realizado, como também de diversas áreas do sudeste brasileiro(SILVA, 2014;DETOGNE et al., 2017;SILVA et al., 2018;CARVALHO, et al., 2018).Os fenótipos observados durante a coleta de dados, ilustrados pelas Figuras 7,8, 9 e 10 evidenciam e reforçam diagnósticos anteriores sobre a ocupação do município por Callithrix sp. e espécies alóctones, dada a constatação da presença de fenótipos híbridos na totalidade dos indivíduos avistados.Fuzessy et al (2014) compara coloração, pelagem e morfometria de saguis híbridos de C. penicillata x C. geoffroyi capturados em um fragmento florestal da UFV. A prevalência de características do fenótipo facial de C. penicillata observada no referido estudo se confirmou, assim como notável variação fenotípica em termos de pelagens e padrões faciais. ...
Atualmente, observa-se uma série de ações antrópicas que promovem graves consequências à biodiversidade. A introdução de espécies alóctones, por exemplo, é uma intervenção capaz de desencadear a hibridação entre congêneres, panorama observado em diversas localidades do território brasileiro entre espécies de primatas do gênero Callithrix. O município de Viçosa, em Minas Gerais, experimenta esta situação por décadas, na qual sua única espécie nativa e ameaçada de extinção, Callithrix aurita, tem registros cada vez mais escassos. Em contrapartida, a ocupação da região por espécies alóctones e indivíduos híbridos invasores vem sendo continuamente notificada por estudos pretéritos. No presente estudo, foi realizado um levantamento e diagnóstico populacional de saguis híbridos (Callithrix sp.), por meio de busca ativa e utilização de playback, em cinco fragmentos florestais pertencentes ao bioma Mata Atlântica e localizados dentro da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus Viçosa (20º75‟72‟‟ S , 42º 87‟ 51‟‟ W): Mata do Paraíso, Mata da Biologia, Mata da Divisão de Água e Esgoto, Mata da Silvicultura e Mata do Ginásio. Os dados foram coletados durante o final da estação seca de 2021, prevista para o município; 23,06km de trilhas e estradas foram percorridos, nos quais 90 pontos de playback foram distribuídos. Estimou-se o total de 215,64 indivíduos nos 5 fragmentos amostrados, levando em conta não somente os espécimes avistados, como também uma inferência média a partir dos registros vocais obtidos, diante da ocasional impossibilidade de efetiva visualização e contagem dos indivíduos. Foi calculada abundância relativa (indivíduos/ponto amostral) e inferida densidade absoluta (indivíduos/hectare) para cada fragmento. Assim, os resultados apontam que tamanho do fragmento e a presença antrópica são fatores relevantes para as maiores cifras de abundância relativa e densidade absoluta aqui averiguadas. 97,64% dos indivíduos avistados foram diferenciados quanto às classes etárias, enquanto 29,13% foram diferidos quanto ao sexo, contribuindo para a construção de um conhecimento sistemático sobre a caracterização demográfica de Callithrix sp., ainda inédita para o município. Tal contribuição pode ser útil como linha de base para o monitoramento de saguis híbridos invasores na região, subsidiando ações que visam o manejo populacional de invasores e a futura reintrodução de C. aurita em Viçosa. O presente estudo também aponta para a necessidade do desenvolvimento de ações informativas para a população sobre impactos envolvidos no contato entre humanos e primatas não-humanos.
... Essas duas espécies de saguis invasores são muito generalistas quanto aos seus recursos alimentares e ao habitat em que vivem (Rímoli et al., 2015;Vale e Prezoto, 2015; Valença-Montenegro et al., 2015), tendo assim um potencial alto de competição e hibridação com espécies nativas (Nunes, 2015;Vale, 2016;Carvalho et al., 2018;Silva et al., 2018). ...
... Additionally, the species competes with invasive congeneric species (C. geoffroyi, C. jacchus and C. penicillata) and their hybrid forms, which have been introduced into C. aurita distributional range (Bechara, 2012;Melo et al, 2015;Carvalho et al. 2018). ...
... The hybridization has caused genetic erosion in C. aurita populations throughout its distributional range, including within conservation units, despite those being created as safe areas for the species (Muskin, 1984;Rylands, Coimbra-Filho and Mittermeier, 1993;Costa et al., 2005;Bechara, 2012;Carvalho et al., 2013;Aximoff et al., 2016). Those factors, combined with the isolation of C. aurita populations due habitat loss, has led the species to be included in the top 25 most threatened primate species list (Carvalho et al., 2019), emphasizing the importance of surveying C. aurita, to evaluate the situation throughout its distribution and to identify whether there are still pure populations of native species (Norris et al., 2011;Melo et al., 2020;Carvalho et al., 2018). ...
The genus Callithrix includes six species distributed across eastern Brazil in the Atlantic Rainforest, Caatinga, and Cerrado biomes. The buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita) is endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest and occurs in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. This species is considered ‘Endangered’ and listed among the world’s 25 most threatened primates. The release into the wild of marmosets kept as pets has led to numerous invasive populations in southeastern Brazil, which hybridize with native congeneric species. This, combined with habitat loss and fragmentation, has caused a dramatic decline in C. aurita populations, and threatens them with extinction. The city of Viçosa, in Minas Gerais, has an almost 50-year history of introduced Callithrix species. C. aurita, the native species, was last recorded in the region in 1995. With the aim of updating knowledge on the current situation of Callithrix in the region, we surveyed 43 fragments of the Atlantic Forest in Viçosa and nearby cities between 2017 and 2019. We recorded 22 groups of hybrid forms, three solitary individuals of hybrid marmosets, two mixed groups of C. aurita with hybrids, and a single group of C. aurita. This record of C. aurita was the first of a pure group of the species in the region in 20 years. These results highlight one of the most important threats to C. aurita, and management actions are urgently needed to control invasive and hybrid populations, to allow the endangered buffy-tufted-ear marmoset to recover.
... La invasión de hábitats por especies alóctonas puede crear diversos problemas, desde la extinción de especies autóctonas, hasta una serie de interferencias con el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas (Pejchar & Mooney, 2009). Un ejemplo pertinente para la probable extinción de especies autóctonas debido a la invasión de especies alóctonas, es el de los titíes (familia Callitrichidae) Callithrix aurita y Callithrix flaviceps (ambos autóctonos) y Callithrix jacchus y Callithrix penicillata (ambos alóctonos) en el suroriente de Brasil (Pereira et al., 2008;Detogne et al., 2017;de Carvalho et al., 2018;Malukiewicz, 2019). Las poblaciones de C. aurita y C. flaviceps han sido desplazadas de sus zonas de distribución por poblaciones de C. jacchus y C. penicillata, que son producto de la introducción intencional del ser humano o la huida de gran número de individuos de su cautiverio. ...
En esta nota se discuten las potenciales consecuencias de una fusión de la Isla Muyuy con la tierra firme, debido a la dinámica fluvial del río Amazonas. La isla alberga una población introducida (alóctona) del pichico de pecho anaranjado, Saguinus labiatus (Callitrichidae). Se recomienda desarrollar un plan de acción, a fin de evitar consecuencias negativas para poblaciones autóctonas de otras especies de pichicos y del ecosistema, en caso que la Isla Muyuy se una con la tierra firme.
Callithrix aurita is an endangered small primate endemic to the Atlantic Forest. The present work reports the labor of a free‐living C. aurita , through observation of its length and offspring viability. A conservative treatment was used to maintain fetal viability, in view of the species conservation importance.
