Figure 3 - uploaded by Tomasz A Leski
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Bubble chart of ARDM results from sample populations from WRAIR (left), NAMRU-3 (middle), and Sierra Leone (right). The size of each bubble and the number inside indicate the percentage of samples having at least one determinant directed against that class of antimicrobial. AG = aminoglycosides; QAC = quaternary amines; Sul = sulfonamides; MAC = macrolides; Str = streptogramins; Chl = chloramphenicol; Bla = β-lactams; Q = quinolones; MDR = MDR efflux; Tri = trimethoprim; Gly = glycopeptides; Ans = ansamycins; Tet = tetracyclines.
Source publication
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant infections in personnel wounded in Iraq and Afghanistan has made it challenging for physicians to choose effective therapeutics in a timely fashion. To address the challenge of identifying the potential for drug resistance, we have developed the Antimicrobial Resistance Determinant Microarray (ARDM) to provide...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... ABC samples from WRAIR, 6 ABC, 7 E. coli, and 10 KP samples from NAMRU-3, and 7 samples of unknown species from Sierra Leone were extracted, processed, and analyzed on ARDM. Figure 3 shows bubble charts comparing population resistance profiles between isolates obtained from 3 locations. Each bubble represents a different class of antibiotic; the size of each bubble indicates the percentage of samples having at least one determinant directed against that antimicrobial class. ...
Citations
... The ARDM v.1 is a custom-designed CustomArray microarray (4 × 2K chips) that contains 2240 oligonucleotide probes targeting 239 unique genes that confer resistance to 12 classes of antimicrobial compounds (CustomArray, Bothell, WA) [18]. To begin processing samples for ARDM hybridisation, 10 ng of each genomic DNA extract was subjected to whole-genome amplification using a GenomiPhi V2 Reagent Kit (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ) according to the manufacturer's instructions, with the reaction mixture incubated for 90 min at 30 • C and subsequently at 65 • C for 10 min to stop the reaction. ...
The tetX gene encodes a flavin-dependent monooxygenase that
confers resistance to all clinically relevant tetracyclines including
tigecycline but has only been found in environmental and non-human
pathogenic bacteria. As a part of a larger study to understand the level
of multidrug resistance in Bo, Sierra Leone, we conducted a molecular
epidemiological investigation using the Antimicrobial Resistance
Determinant Microarray, PCR and DNA sequencing and found that 21% of the
isolates tested from Mercy Hospital were tetX-positive. Interestingly,
all of the tetX-positive strains were urine specimen isolates. These
results provide the first evidence of tetX-containing multidrug resistant
Gram-negative hospital isolates and suggest the use of molecular
epidemiological surveillance tools to better understand the prevalence,
evolution and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants in
Sierra Leone and West Africa.
... As a result, species-level identifications would be inconsistent [5], and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes would not be tracked. To more thoroughly describe the microbial populations relevant to healthcare settings, the use of metagenomics, antibiotic-resistance gene microarrays [6], culturing, and inclusion of viral assays were suggested. As a means to limit concomitant increases in expenses, such additional methods could be employed only on specific samples of interest. ...
This report details the outcome of the 1st Hospital Microbiome Project workshop held on June 7th-8th, 2012 at the University of Chicago, USA. The workshop was arranged to determine the most appropriate sampling strategy and approach to building science measurement to characterize the development of a microbial community within a new hospital pavilion being built at the University of Chicago Medical Center. The workshop made several recommendations and led to the development of a full proposal to the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation as well as to the creation of the Hospital Microbiome Consortium.
We describe the results of a molecular epidemiological survey of 15 carbapenemase-encoding genes from a recent collection
of clinical isolates from Mercy Hospital in Bo, Sierra Leone. The most salient findings revealed that (i) 60% of the isolates
harbored multiple carbapenemase genes; (ii) the blaDIM-1 gene, which has previously only been reported in The Netherlands, is also circulating in this environment; and (iii) blaOXA-51-like and blaOXA-58 genes, which were thought to reside exclusively in Acinetobacter species, can also be found in members of the Enterobacteriaceae.
