Figure 34 - uploaded by Dhandevi Pem
Content may be subject to copyright.
-Bryorella acrogena (UME 30243). a-d Herbarium specimen and habit on leaf. e Section of an ascoma. f Peridium g Hamathecium. h-k Asci. l-o Ascospores. Scale bars: c, d = 500 μm, e = 100 μm, f = 20 μm, g, l-o = 10 μm, h-k = 50 μm.
Similar publications
La implementación del control interno se convierte en una herramienta de gestión fundamental que ayuda a las empresas en la toma de decisiones, permitiendo mejorar la sostenibilidad, crecimiento y rentabilidad. Por ende, este artículo examina la ejecución del control interno y su contribución a la perdurabilidad de las Mipymes en el mercado, especí...
En este artículo se analizará la revisión —y la consecuente transformación— de un mito clásico —el mito de Orfeo— por parte de dos autores muy distintos: el dibujante barcelonés Max y el funcionario de la casa real Bernat Metge. El primero se acerca al mito en su obra Katábasis (introspección psico-mitológica) y el segundo en un fragmento de Lo som...
Citations
... Dothideomycetes have been well studied in the past, and their higher-level classification has also been revisited (Pem et al. 2019, 2021. Schoch et al. (2009) studied the phylogenetic position of 41 families in Dothideomycetes. ...
... These publications did not include some fungi known as meristematic that have been related to Dothideomycetes. Recently, genome-based assessments (Haridas et al. 2020) and phylogenies including meristematiclike taxa (Pem et al. 2019, 2021, Crous et al. 2020, revealed new phylogenetic relationships and ecology of these fungi. The Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa (Wijayawardene et al. 2022) reports 49 orders and 223 families in Dothideomycetes, including meristematic fungi such as Endosporium, Gobabebomyces, Phaeosclera, and meristematiclike taxa, such as Lembosiniella. ...
... Historically, meristematic fungi have been described and placed in different orders in Dothideomycetes due to the plasticity of morphological characters and uncertainties about Barreto et al. 78 their phylogenetic position, which remains unsettled in this class (Wollenzien et al. 1996, Pem et al. 2019, 2021, Crous et al. 2020, Wijayawardene et al. 2022. The term meristematic fungi was introduced to accommodate fungi that have aggregates of thick-walled, melanised cells that enlarge and reproduce by isodiametric division (de Hoog & Hermanides-Nijhof 1977, Sterflinger et al. 1999. ...
Meristematic fungi are mainly defined as having aggregates of thick-walled, melanised cells enlarging and reproducing by isodiametric division. Dothideomycetes black meristematic and meristematic-like fungi have been allied to Myriangiales, which currently has two accepted families, Myriangiaceae and Elsinoaceae, with fungi mainly regarded as pathogens, parasites, saprobes and epiphytes of different plant species. This study aimed to verify the phylogenetic position using four nuclear markers (SSU, LSU, ITS and RPB2) of the incertae sedis genera associated with Myriangiales, namely Endosporium, Gobabebomyces, Lembosiniella and Phaeosclera, and the new genus, Endophytium gen. nov. (including E. albocacti sp. nov. and E. cacti sp. nov.), established for endophytic fungi occurring in cacti in Brazil. Based on morphology, lifestyle and phylogenetic inferences, these black meristematic and meristematic-like fungi cannot be accommodated in Myriangiales. Combining these results, three new orders and two new families are introduced: Endophytiales ord. nov. (including Endophytiaceae fam. nov. for Endophytium gen. nov.), Endosporiales ord. nov. (including Endosporiaceae for Endosporium) and Phaeosclerales ord. nov. (including Phaeoscleraceae fam. nov. for Phaeosclera). Gobabebomyces and Lembosiniella remained incertae sedis due to their disposition in the phylogenetic tree, that moved among clades accordingly with the gene analysed. Our results show that the inclusion of endophytic fungi obtained from plants in dry forests can contribute to the discovery of new taxa, clarify the phylogenetic position of allied taxa and confer information to the estimation of national and global fungal diversity.
... The asexual morphs are tetraploa-like hyphomycetes, characterised by monoblastic conidiogenous cells, shortcylindrical to obpyriform conidia, composed of several columns at the conidial base with several setose appendages at the apex (Tanaka et al. 2009;Hyde et al. 2013). Currently, nine genera are accepted in this family, Aquatisphaeria, Byssolophis, Ernakulamia, Polyplosphaeria, Pseudotetraploa, Quadricrura, Shrungabeeja, Tetraploa (=Tetraplosphaeria), and Triplosphaeria (Ariyawansa et al. 2015;Delgado et al. 2017;Pem et al. 2019;Dong et al. 2020;Li et al. 2021;Wijayawardene et al. 2022). ...
... Approximately 17,000 vascular plant species have been recorded in Yunnan, and the fungal population (including lichens) in a given area is estimated to be about six times larger than that of vascular plants based on plant abundance (Hawksworth 1991(Hawksworth , 2001Zhang and Lu 2017), however, despite this vast potential, only a small fraction of these fungal species have been documented so far. The rich fungal diversity in Yunnan has become a focal point for mycologists, with a particular surge in interest in recent years (Yang 2005;Sun et al. 2017;Feng and Yang 2018;Luo et al. 2018;Pem et al. 2019;Dong et al. 2020;Wanasinghe et al. 2020Chaiwan et al. 2021;Ren et al. 2020Ren et al. , 2021aRen et al. , 2021bRen et al. , 2022Bao et al. 2023). Notably, the exploration of asexual morph species has been steadily increasing due to heightened activities in studying microfungi across diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (Lu et al. 2018;Liu et al. 2019;Wijayawardene et al. 2022;Ren et al. 2021c;Bao et al. 2022). ...
... The family Tubeufiaceae contains about 47 genera and more than 400 species [38]. The monotypic genus Excipulariopsis was established with E. narsapurensis as the type species [39], and the asexual morph has raised stroma, cylindrical, hyaline, holoblastic conidiogenous cells and fusiform, transversely multi-septate, brown, verruculose, acrogenous conidia with a truncate base [39,40]. However, molecular data for Excipulariopsis narsapurensis are unavailable, and therefore, the phylogenetic placement remained unsettled until this study. ...
... Substratum: On decaying wood with corticeaceous fungus [39,40]; Cocos nucifera [41], the bark of Mangifera indica (this study). ...
... Distribution: Hawaii, USA [39,40]; Dapoli, India [41]; Yunnan Province, China (this study). ...
Fungi are a large and diverse group of microorganisms, and although the estimated number of species ranges between 2 and 11 million, only around 150,000 species have been described thus far. The investigation of plant-associated fungi is beneficial for estimating global fungal diversity, for ecosystem conservation, and for the continued development of industry and agriculture. Mango, one of the world’s five most economically important fruit crops, is grown in over 100 countries and has been demonstrated to have a great economical value. During surveys of mango-associated saprobic fungi in Yunnan (China), we discovered three new species (Acremoniisimulans hongheensis, Chaenothecopsis hongheensis and Hilberina hongheensis) and five new records. The phylogenetic analyses of multi-gene sequences (LSU, SSU, ITS, rpb2, tef1-α and tub2) coupled with morphological examinations were used to identify all the taxa.
... Ariyawansa et al. (2015a) referred Shrungabeeja to Tetraplosphaeriaceae based on the phylogenetic placement of S. longiappendiculata. Pem et al. (2019) accepted a sexual genus Byssolophis in Tetraplosphaeriaceae. Li et al. (2021b) introduced Aquatisphaeria to the family. The family comprises nine genera and an unclassified species Polyplosphaeria thailandica Wijayawardene et al. 2020). ...
Freshwater fungi comprises a highly diverse group of organisms occurring in freshwater habitats throughout the world. During a survey of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in streams and lakes, a wide range of sexual and asexual species were collected mainly from karst regions in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic inferences using partial gene regions of LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequences revealed that most of these fungi belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few were related to Eurotiomycetes. Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, we introduce four new genera, viz. Aquabispora, Neocirrenalia, Ocellisimilis and Uvarisporella, and 47 new species, viz. Acrodictys chishuiensis, A. effusa, A. pyriformis, Actinocladium aquaticum, Annulatascus tratensis, Aquabispora setosa, Aqualignicola setosa, Aquimassariosphaeria vermiformis, Ceratosphaeria flava, Chaetosphaeria polygonalis, Conlarium muriforme, Digitodesmium chishuiense, Ellisembia aquirostrata, Fuscosporella atrobrunnea, Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme, H. caohaiense, Hongkongmyces aquisetosus, Kirschsteiniothelia dushanensis, Monilochaetes alsophilae, Mycoenterolobium macrosporum, Myrmecridium splendidum, Neohelicascus griseoflavus, Neohelicomyces denticulatus, Neohelicosporium fluviatile, Neokalmusia aquibrunnea, Neomassariosphaeria aquimucosa, Neomyrmecridium naviculare, Neospadicoides biseptata, Ocellisimilis clavata, Ophioceras thailandense, Paragaeumannomyces aquaticus, Phialoturbella aquilunata, Pleurohelicosporium hyalinum, Pseudodactylaria denticulata, P. longidenticulata, P. uniseptata, Pseudohalonectria aurantiaca, Rhamphoriopsis aquimicrospora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Shrungabeeja fluviatilis, Sporidesmium tratense, S. versicolor, Sporoschisma atroviride, Stanjehughesia aquatica, Thysanorea amniculi, Uvarisporella aquatica and Xylolentia aseptata, with an illustrated account, discussion of their taxonomic placement and comparison with morphological similar taxa. Seven new combinations are introduced, viz. Aquabispora grandispora (≡ Boerlagiomyces grandisporus), A. websteri (≡ Boerlagiomyces websteri), Ceratosphaeria suthepensis (≡ Pseudohalonectria suthepensis), Gamsomyces aquaticus (≡ Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum), G. malabaricus (≡ Gangliostilbe malabarica), Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora), and Rhamphoriopsis glauca (≡ Chloridium glaucum). Ten new geographical records are reported in China and Thailand and nine species are first reported from freshwater habitats. Reference specimens are provided for Diplocladiella scalaroides and Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora). Systematic placement of the previously introduced genera Actinocladium, Aqualignicola, and Diplocladiella is first elucidated based on the reference specimens and new collections. Species recollected from China and Thailand are also described and illustrated. The overall trees of freshwater Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes collected in this study are provided respectively and genera or family/order trees are constructed for selected taxa.
... This has mainly been due to the use of molecular tools, but also more research efforts being carried out in prosperous, previously developing nations, such as Brazil, China and Thailand (Hyde et al. 2018bBoonmee et al. 2021;. Publication outlets such as Fungal Diversity Notes (Hyde et al. 2020a;Yuan et al. 2020;Boonmee et al. 2021), Fungal Planet (Crous et al. 2020a(Crous et al. ,b, 2021ab) and Mycosphere notes (Pem et al. 2019;Hyde et al. 2021) have introduced more than 2000 novel taxa. The change from dual nomenclature to a single name for holomorphic genera and species has been pivotal. ...
Fungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human well-being. In the current paper, we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied mycology and interdisciplinary Life Science research. These examples concern recently introduced drugs for the treatment of infections and neurological diseases; application of –OMICS techniques and genetic tools in medical mycology and the regulation of mycotoxin production; as well as some highlights of mushroom cultivaton in Asia. Examples for new diagnostic tools
in medical mycology and the exploitation of new candidates for therapeutic drugs, are also given. In addition, two entries illustrating the latest developments in the use of fungi for biodegradation and fungal biomaterial production are provided.
Some other areas where there have been and/or will be significant developments are also included. It is our hope that this paper will help realise the importance of fungi as a potential industrial resource and see the next two decades bring forward
many new fungal and fungus-derived products.
... Gibbago is another pleosporacean genus, represented by G. trianthemae, which also resembles Neostemphylium in its conidiogenous cells and conidial morphology [38,61]. However, like in Stemphylium species, Gibbago produces mostly unbranched or rarely branched conidiophores, and no synanamorph or microconidiation cycle have been described in G. trianthemae. ...
... However, like in Stemphylium species, Gibbago produces mostly unbranched or rarely branched conidiophores, and no synanamorph or microconidiation cycle have been described in G. trianthemae. In addition, our phylogeny agrees with the Pleosporaceae phylogeny presented by Pem et al. [38], placing the genus Gibbago in a fully supported clade related to Exserohilum, which are both placed far from the new genus proposed here. ...
... Gibbago is another pleosporacean genus, represented by G. trianthemae, which also resembles Neostemphylium in its conidiogenous cells and conidial morphology [38,61]. However, like in Stemphylium species, Gibbago produces mostly unbranched or rarely branched conidiophores, and no synanamorph or microconidiation cycle have been described in G. trianthemae. ...
... However, like in Stemphylium species, Gibbago produces mostly unbranched or rarely branched conidiophores, and no synanamorph or microconidiation cycle have been described in G. trianthemae. In addition, our phylogeny agrees with the Pleosporaceae phylogeny presented by Pem et al. [38], placing the genus Gibbago in a fully supported clade related to Exserohilum, which are both placed far from the new genus proposed here. ...
Although the Pleosporaceae is one of the species-richest families in the Pleosporales, research into less-explored substrates can contribute to widening the knowledge of its diversity. In our ongoing survey on culturable Ascomycota from freshwater sediments in Spain, several pleosporacean specimens of taxonomic interest were isolated. Phylogenetic analyses based on five gene markers (ITS, LSU, gapdh, rbp2, and tef1) revealed that these fungi represent so far undescribed lineages, which are proposed as two novel genera in the family, i.e., Neostemphylium typified by Neostemphylium polymorphum sp. nov., and Scleromyces to accommodate Scleromyces submersus sp. nov. Neostemphylium is characterized by the production of phaeodictyospores from apically swollen and darkened conidiogenous cells, the presence of a synanamorph that consists of cylindrical and brown phragmoconidia growing terminally or laterally on hyphae, and by the ability to produce secondary conidia by a microconidiation cycle. Scleromyces is placed phylogenetically distant to any genera in the family and only produces sclerotium-like structures in vitro. The geographic distribution and ecology of N. polymorphum and Sc. submersus were inferred from metabarcoding data using the GlobalFungi database. The results suggest that N. polymorphum is a globally distributed fungus represented by environmental sequences originating primarily from soil samples collected in Australia, Europe, and the USA, whereas Sc. submersus is a less common species that has only been found associated with one environmental sequence from an Australian soil sample. The phylogenetic analyses of the environmental ITS1 and ITS2 sequences revealed at least four dark taxa that might be related to Neostemphylium and Scleromyces. The phylogeny presented here allows us to resolve the taxonomy of the genus Asteromyces as a member of the Pleosporaceae.
... Wijayawardene et al. (2012) listed Acarella in Asterinaceae. Pem et al. (2019b) transferred Acarella to Vizellaceae based on the ovoid to ellipsoidal or rarely subglobose, brown to dark brown ascospores, with a transverse hyaline band, formed on phialidic, hyaline cells lining the inner cavity of the upper wall (D. Pem). ...
... Hyde et al. (2013) transferred Asteronia to Dothideomycetes genus incertae sedis. Pem et al. (2019b) re-examined the type specimen of A. sweetiae and transferred Asteronia to Perisporiopsidaceae based on the superficial ascomata with surrounding mycelia, and ellipsoidal oblong, 1-septate, hyaline ascospores (D. Pem). ...
... Jones et al. (2015) transferred Belizeana to Dothideales genus incertae sedis. Pem et al. (2019b) re-examined a paratype specimen of B. tuberculata (IMS 4209) and transferred Belizeana to Dothidotthiaceae based on its subglobose, dark brown to black ascomata, clavate to cylindrical asci and 1-septate, ellipsoidal, pale brown ascospores (D. Pem). ...
This paper provides an updated classification of the Kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi)
and fungus-like taxa. Five-hundred and twenty-three (535) notes are provided for newly introduced
taxa and for changes that have been made since the previous outline. In the discussion, the latest
taxonomic changes in Basidiomycota are provided and the classification of Mycosphaerellales are
broadly discussed. Genera listed in Mycosphaerellaceae have been confirmed by DNA sequence
analyses, while doubtful genera (DNA sequences being unavailable but traditionally
accommodated in Mycosphaerellaceae) are listed in the discussion. Problematic genera in
Glomeromycota are also discussed based on phylogenetic results.
... The Mycosphere note series publishes notes on new fungal taxa, new host records and new geographical records with molecular data (Thambugala et al. 2017, Boonmee et al. 2017, Jayawardena et al. 2018, Pem et al. 2019, Hyde et al. 2021). In addition, several papers in this series focused on specialized research topics such as grass (Poaceae) inhabiting Dothideomycetes (Thambugala et al. 2017) and saprotrophic fungi on Vitis (Jayawardena et al. 2018). ...
This is the seventh in a series of Mycosphere notes in which we provide notes on the collection of fungi isolated from various hosts. In this set of notes, we introduce Pseudophialocephala as a new genus, nine new species, 27 new host or country records and five new combinations. The new species are Ceratosphaeria yunnanensis, Cytospora salicis-albae, Gymnopus bunerensis, Kalmusia cordylines, Leucoagaricus croceus, Leucoagaricus laosensis, Neopyrenochaeta shaoguanica, Pseudophialocephala cuneata and Robillarda aquatica. Pseudophialocephala humicola, Pseudophialocephala aquatica, Pseudophialocephala salinicola, Pseudophialocephala terricola and Pseudophialocephala xalapensis are introduced as new combinations. We provide new molecular data for 43 species belonging to two phyla, three classes and 15 orders. Updated phylogenetic trees for 22 families (Agaricaceae, Botryosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Didymosphaeriaceae, Gloeophyllaceae, Glomerellaceae, Hysteriaceae, Lophiostomataceae, Magnaporthaceae, Neopyrenochaetaceae, Omphalotacea, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Phyllostictaceae, Pleosporaceae, Saccotheciaceae, Savoryellaceae, Sporocadaceae, Stachybotryaceae, Torulaceae, Valsaceae, Physalacriaceae) and 32 genera (Alfaria, Aureobasidium, Ceratosphaeria, Collybiopsis, Colletotrichum, Comoclathris, Coniochaeta, Cytospora, Dothiorella, Gymnopus, Gymnopus, Heliocybe, Hysterium, Hysterobrevium, Kalmusia, Leptospora, Letendraea, Leucoagaricus, Mucidula, Neoleptosporella, Neopyrenochaeta, Paraleptospora, Phyllosticta, Pseudophialocephala, Rhytidhysteron, Robillarda, Savoryella, Sporocadus, Thozetella, Torula and Vaginatispora) are given.
