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![Break down of energy consumption of commercial building pattern in India. [2]](profile/Farheen-Bano-5/publication/309428068/figure/fig3/AS:421362888921094@1477472149849/Break-down-of-energy-consumption-of-commercial-building-pattern-in-India-2.png)
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![Figure 1. Break down of energy consumption pattern in India. [2]](profile/Farheen-Bano-5/publication/309428068/figure/fig1/AS:421362888921089@1477472149796/Break-down-of-energy-consumption-pattern-in-India-2_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 2. Annual growth of commercial buildings in India. [1]](profile/Farheen-Bano-5/publication/309428068/figure/fig2/AS:421362888921091@1477472149821/Annual-growth-of-commercial-buildings-in-India-1_Q320.jpg)
![Table 6 . R-values of few roof assemblies [14]](profile/Farheen-Bano-5/publication/309428068/figure/tbl3/AS:670373347606531@1536840869163/R-values-of-few-roof-assemblies-14_Q320.jpg)
A building envelope is the physical interface between the conditioned i.e. inside and unconditioned i.e. outside environment of a building. As India has a tropical climate, heating or cooling is required throughout the year to make indoor environment comfortable. By designing envelope according to the climate, making suitable material choices, fene...
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In recent years, external airtightness membranes have become an option for timber frame wall systems, as they allow high levels of air- and wind-tightness with an easy installation and provide rainwater protection during construction. This opens up the option of removing the internal air and vapour control layer. However, the hygrothermal risks ass...
Citations
... Implementing classical interventions, such as wall insulation, window replacement, and shielding systems, has led to notable reductions in energy consumption ranging from 17-42% in India. Furthermore, a house built in 1970 located in northeast Italy has reported energy savings of 21.1% and 9.6% through wall insulation and window replacement, respectively, highlighting the potential effectiveness of classical interventions [23]. In climates dominated by heating, facade insulation is recommended, whereas shading systems are more suitable for coolingdominated climates. ...
The retrofitting of existing buildings is crucial for improving their structural safety, reducing damage, and enhancing energy efficiency while maintaining their distinctive features. Seismic retrofitting and thermal energy retrofitting are two effective approaches that can be integrated to achieve enhanced seismic performance and reduced energy consumption. Seismic retrofitting aims to strengthen buildings against seismic forces, while thermal energy one involves measures that enhance the building envelope’s performance to reduce energy consumption. The use of phase change materials (PCMs) in building construction has gained significant attention due to their potential for energy efficiency and sustainability. By correctly incorporating PCMs into construction materials, the thermal performance of existing buildings can be improved while preserving their unique characteristics. The integration of PCMs with structural retrofitting techniques, such as textile-based composites, provides an attractive option for enhancing both seismic and energy retrofitting simultaneously, resulting in improved seismic performance and energy efficiency for existing buildings. Integrated retrofitting is an approach that evaluates the technical and financial aspects of retrofitting to achieve a balance between energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The primary objective of this review paper is to examine the advantages of incorporating PCMs in the process of integrated structural and energy retrofitting. Additionally, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various retrofitting methods that can be employed to enhance the seismic performance and energy efficiency of existing buildings.
... We must sustainably meet this energy demand to prevent further environmental damage while ensuring better access to clean energy and comfortable living conditions for the masses. About 50% of the total building energy consumption is due to cooling and heating ( Fig. 1) [1]. Moreover, buildings cause peak demand periods that coincide with the need for cooling or heating. ...
... Therefore, thermal energy storage ( TES) for buildings is an attractive idea to store energy in a form that can be readily used. 1. Introduction 1. Introduction Thermal energy storage ( TES) systems enable storing energy during off-peak hours (low demand) and release it in peak hours (high demand), improving the energy efficiency and resiliency of buildings [2 ,3]. ...
Thermal energy storage (TES) systems enable storing energy during off-peak hours (low demand) and release it in peak hours (high demand), improving the energy efficiency and resiliency of buildings. We present a simulation methodology to assess the performance of the TES system integrated with heating, ventilating and air- conditioning (HVAC) systems. We use a validated thermal load profile of the building in a detailed thermodynamic simulation framework to assess the feasibility of TES systems. TES coupled with HVAC systems can help improve the capabilities of building energy simulation platforms by enabling simulations of load shaving potential of TES systems and selecting the optimal material for storage. Our model can analyse the feasibility of TES for any residential or commercial building, which will help identify the most impactful categories for implementing energy storage. Our results show a load-shaving fraction of up to 38% can be achieved for a medium office building in Ahmedabad. It will help reduce the size of the vapor compression system, leading to a significant reduction in the initial capital investment and demand charges.
... For architects who design buildings in hot regions, the selection of the necessary materials for the appropriate climatic conditions, as well as the calculation of the installation of windows, according to the position of the sun, are two important stages [9][10][11]. Building envelope is described as "the climate moderator, also provides the first The Impact of Using Natural Stone on Thermal Performance of Building Envelopes in Hot Regions: Case of Al-Karama Town, Jordan line of defense against the impact of the external climate on the indoor environment" [12,13]. ...
This research is devoted to carry out thermal performance analyses of building walls in terms of the thermal properties of the construction materials in Jordan. Field measurements were conducted between August 2019 and August 2020 to evaluate indoor thermal parameters in the experimented building. The building is located in a region characterized with hot climate in Al-Karama town in Jordan Valley. During the measurement period, the project was unoccupied and no HVAC system was on. Four data loggers were used in the space to record the thermal and humidity values. The study shows that the wall inner surface temperature has little correlation with outside temperature because of the thickness and high heat capacity of the external wall. It also establishes that the decrement factor of the external walls is low compared to that of modern buildings in the region. The findings of this study are potentially applicable to all buildings in Jordan Valley, as long as they have the same building parameters of the case study. The findings of this research about the natural stone and building methods, along with contemporary treatments, can be used to achieve thermal comfort in hot regions.
... Recently, Egypt has been witnessing an advanced evolution in construction work and the building of new cities, which results in the constant need for building materials in their various forms and types, especially red bricks, which have been used for many years in buildings [1]. However, there are issues with their use that are connected to the environment, causing air pollution and harming the surrounding environment, in addition to the cost of their production, which requires the consumption of energy and raw materials [2]. Therefore, the trend was towards reusing construction waste as a method that helps preserve raw materials and reduce the energy consumed to produce these materials [3]. ...
In many countries, buildings are the main consumers of energy, and with the development of the construction process, the demand for energy increases. The majority of the energy needed for construction goes towards the production of building materials and achieving thermal comfort. Building energy consumption can be saved through the selection of building materials and the preparation of an exterior design suitable for the surrounding nature of the building. The thermophysical properties of the building materials that make up a building's exterior determine how well it responds to the effects of climate change. This paper describes the utility, the cost, and the effect of using recycled bricks made from a mixture of broken red bricks and plastic waste in the walls of buildings on the consumption of energy used in cooling. Therefore, comparing these results with those of using red bricks, which are the most widely used in Egypt, the results show that recycled bricks achieved a lower manufacturing cost by 60% and reduced energy consumption by 33.5 % compared to red bricks.
... The external envelope of a building is defined as the sum of the walls, windows, ceilings and floors that are exposed to the surrounding external climatic conditions [8]. It is considered one of the main factors affecting the energy efficiency of buildings, as it accounts for a significant portion of heat gain and loss [9]. ...
There are many variables that effect buildings energy efficiency, which can be classified into urban design, architectural design, and structural variables. One of the most effective architectural design variables is mass orientation. The orientation of a building is influenced by various external factors such as solar radiation, wind, and noise. The most important of these influences is the solar radiation as it is responsible for the use of cooling and heating systems. This research paper aims to determine the best orientation for different climate zones using energy simulation tools.
... Proper sun path and wind direction can maximize solar energy capturing and keep the panels cool. An optimum orientation can be achieved following the sun's position by analyzing the sun path diagram and the prevailing wind direction of the site (Bano et al. 2016). However, it should be noted that protection from the wind might overlook the fact that wind plays an essential role in clearing snow (White and Sheppard 2019). ...
The building sector is material-intensive and is responsible for consuming large quantities of local and international resources. In extreme climates, the consumption of these resources increases manifold to ensure comfortable indoors. Contemporary buildings have predominantly used energy efficiency as the main criterion to define sustainability, which has led to the consumption of more abiotic materials. In contrast, indigenous buildings are based on local context and are guided by geographical, environmental, and economic constraints. This work aims to critically review indigenous architectural practices across four climatic zones, focusing on their resource efficiency, and identify practices that can be reintroduced in contemporary construction in extremely cold climates. To achieve this objective, literature from 1960 to 2022 was comprehensively reviewed. In addition, contemporary building construction and codes in cold climatic regions were analyzed to assess the current state of practices. Specific case studies from each climatic region were evaluated to assess applicability in residential buildings in cold climates. The main findings from this review and analysis indicate that indigenous practices have the potential to optimize the use of natural resources to create more sustainable climate-resilient buildings. In addition, more empirical studies are needed to tailor these practices and quantitatively assess resource efficiency for large-scale implementation.
... The authors further suggest the adoption of passive design strategies in hot-humid tropical regions of the built environment. In addition, (Bano & Kamal 2016) in their study conclude that materials specified for building construction projects should be selected in accordance with the specific climatic conditions perculiar to a particular environment since the external walls and glazing types of high-rise buildings contribute to adverse heat gains within the buildings constructed. It is further suggested that specified materials of construction should be energy efficient and it is also advisable that emphasis on construction materials should be placed on locally sourced materials that have the tendency of achieving reduced levels of carbon emissions into the built environment. ...
The effects of energy efficient architectural building design Features on the users' thermal comfort in public building spaces have become critical concerns on the built environment in Nigeria. This study therefore relied on the collection of data from respondents that receive their lectures from three (3) selected auditorium buildings in Ajayi Crowther University Oyo State Nigeria. The methodology engaged quantitative techniques by the administration of questionnaire (with 40 questions). The study assessed the: (i) existing energy efficiency design features in the auditorium buildings, (ii) application of the energy efficiency design features in the auditorium buildings and (iii) critical success factors that influence the application of the energy efficiency building design features in the auditorium buildings. The results revealed Ten (10) energy efficiency architectural design features applied in the three (3) auditoria with the respondents mostly agreed on the availability of sun shading devices and the use of operable windows. In terms of the application of the architectural building design features in the selected auditoriums, the respondents mostly agreed on the application of raked sitting arrangements ranked 1 st , LED (light emitting diode) lighting ranked 2 nd , solar shading devices ranked 3 rd and green roof as the least (10 th) agreed upon respectively. More so, the critical success factors that determine application of architectural building design features in the auditorium buildings, the respondents mostly agreed on the willingness of the school to finance the purchase and installation of these design features (3.50) and the organisation of enlightenment seminars by the school authorities (3.31). This study concluded that improvements in the application of architectural design features that enhance users' thermal comfort levels can be made inclusive and other more effective energy efficient measures could also be integrated to improve the thermal comfort experiences of the users of the auditorium buildings in the school environment. This study suggested further studies on other smart technologies that can simulate the effects of energy efficiency-tropical design features that can enhance users' thermal comfort satisfaction.
... Between the conditioned enclosed space and the outside environment, it serves as a thermal barrier through which thermal energy is transported. It is possible to significantly minimize the amount of energy required for space heating and cooling by limiting heat transfer through the building envelope (Kamal & Bano, 2016). Using an energy-efficient building design that uses thermal insulation in conjunction with other building materials in the building envelope will result in good thermal comfort at a low energy cost. ...
The residential and commercial sectors account for nearly one-third of the total electricity consumption in India. During the period from 1971 to 2012, the highest increase in electricity consumption was seen in the residential sector with a 9.4% compound annual growth rate, followed by the commercial sector. This has been attributed mainly to the extensive use of air conditioning for thermal comfort in buildings in these two sectors. Building envelope design and construction play an important role in reducing energy consumption in such systems. With the incorporation of thermal insulation materials in combination with other construction materials in a building's roof and walls, especially in those that are exposed to solar radiation, the energy intensiveness of buildings can be brought down significantly on a long-term basis. Despite the availability of several insulation products in the Indian market, the importance of thermal insulation for buildings for energy efficiency has not been well recognized by building engineers and developers at present. This paper looks into various important aspects related to building insulation materials, right from the principles of building science to the application of materials in buildings. This paper provides a qualitative analysis of insulation materials in the buildings and also provides practice-oriented background information for building designers, architects, site engineers and various other stakeholders in the building construction industry. The paper also evaluates the application of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) as an insulating material for walls and roofs.
... South-facing windows in the Northern Hemisphere are the most exposed to the sunlight. On the other side, windows should be carefully designed in the west [12]. Site Selection: decision of selecting the site is very important and depends on the price. ...
A common dilemma for developing countries is to balance economic growth and environmental protection. Since the major issue in designing the building is energy conservation. The costing of building project is another issue in applying the principle of energy. A building uses a huge amount of energy during its lifetime. It is greater than the energy consumed in construction. There are numerous causes why building will use more energy during its life. Taking into account the building materials used in the built environment as well as the overall energy use should be taken into account when looking for ways to minimize energy consumption. In light of climate change, by 2030, India has to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions to 35%. Thus, the aim of this research is to is to find out the measures that can reduce the energy consumption of building not only at the time of construction but also lifetime. The study suggests various energy efficient measures for construction of building and for further functioning. In this paper the concept of green building was discussed to make a building energy efficient. Green building focuses on the reduction of carbon emissions and conservation of energy using a progressive difference-in-differences method. The study suggests the various energy saving concepts. Further, there are many green building rating systems to rate the building on various dimension to measure whether a building is environmental-friendly or not. In the end of the paper various issues involved in energy efficient building’s construction are discussed.
... Iraqi energy companies consist of 16 public companies nationwide, indicating that they have diversified their operations to be more innovative by innovating new economic concepts. Electricity companies suffer from not supporting innovation and sustainability programs in their production activities, leading to a large loss of production that negatively affects performance (Bano & Kamal, 2016). Previous research highlighted the importance of crisis management variables (crisis management, decision-making, and risk-taking) for environmental innovation (Chesbrough, 2006). ...
Aim/Purpose
This study examines the impact of decision-making, crisis management, and decision-making on sustainability through the mediation of open innovation in the energy sector.
Background
Public companies study high-performance practices, requiring overcoming basic obstacles such as financial crises that prevent the adoption and development of sustainability programs.
Methodology
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to the closure of businesses in Iraq, a survey was distributed. To facilitate responses, free consultations were offered to help complete the questionnaire quickly. Of the 435 questionnaires answered, 397 were used for further analysis.
Contribution
The impact of crises that impede the energy sector from adopting sustainable environmental regulations is investigated in this study. Its identification of specific constraints to open innovation leads to the effectiveness of adopting environmentally friendly policies and reaching high levels of sustainable performance.
Findings
The impacts of risk-taking, crisis management, and decision-making on sustainability have been explored. Results show that open innovation fully mediates the relationship between the factors of risk-taking, crisis management, decision-making, and sustainability.
Recommendations for Practitioners
The proposed model can be used by practitioners to develop and improve sustainable innovation practices and achieve superior performance.
Recommendation for Researchers
Researchers are recommended to conduct in-depth studies of the phenomenon based on theoretical and empirical foundations, especially in light of the relationship between crisis management, decision-making, and risk-taking and their impact on sustainability based on linear and non-compensatory relationships.
Impact on Society
This study provides a reference for organizations with similar cultural backgrounds in adopting sustainable practices to minimize pollution in the Iraqi context.
Future Research
A more in-depth study can be performed using a larger sample, which not only includes the energy industry but also other industries.
