Fig 2 - uploaded by Juan Sebastián Solís-Chaves
Content may be subject to copyright.
![Brazilian natural vegetation [29]. alt-text: Fig. 2](profile/Juan-Solis-Chaves/publication/322140353/figure/fig2/AS:581285321154563@1515600628856/Brazilian-natural-vegetation-29-alt-text-Fig-2.png)
Source publication
![Fig. 2 Brazilian natural vegetation [29]. alt-text: Fig. 2](profile/Juan-Solis-Chaves/publication/322140353/figure/fig2/AS:581285321154563@1515600628856/Brazilian-natural-vegetation-29-alt-text-Fig-2_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 3 Daily relative humidity in Brazil 1990-2012 [23].](profile/Juan-Solis-Chaves/publication/322140353/figure/fig3/AS:581285326589952@1515600629071/Daily-relative-humidity-in-Brazil-1990-2012-23_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 5 Selective Membrane System [7].](profile/Juan-Solis-Chaves/publication/322140353/figure/fig4/AS:581285326589953@1515600629094/Selective-Membrane-System-7_Q320.jpg)
This work shows a technical review for two promising technologies and two commercial systems that can be applied in Hybrid Wind Systems —also known as Extraction Water from Air Systems (EWAS) — for the specialweather conditions presents in Brazilian northeast. Additionally, a full description of the main components for the innovative technologies a...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... shortage is caused by drought, especially in periods when El Ni~ no phenomenon manifests. Some of this territory is a semi- edesert land placed between S~ ao Francisco Valley, the state of Bahia, the state of Pernambuco and on the slopes of the Borborema Plateau in the state of Paraíba [28], this zone is called Caatinga and is highlighted in Fig. 2 [29]. The Caatinga is an ecosystem that covers 11% of Brazil and 70% of the Northeeast. With an area of 826,411 km 2 the Caatinga is considered one of the most degraded Brazilian ecosystems by human activities, and it is estimated that 45.3% of its total area are already changed. On the other hand, the average temperatures are quite ...
Context 2
... for PMSG is the squirrel-cage induction gener- ator (SCIG) that can be directly connected to the grid. An efficient operation is achieved using a BacketoeBack converter that pro- cesses the power between the SCIG and the power grid [47]. This consist of a two inverters that share the same DC link. The SCIG block diagram is presented in Fig. 12. This converter can be applied for PMSG power control [48]. The converter connected to the power grid controls the DC link voltage and the reactive power injected into the grid using voltage oriented control [49,50]. The converter connected to the generator (SCIG or PMSG) controls the flux and torque using flux oriented control (FOC) ...
Citations
... The outcomes demonstrate the system's capability to yield 26 ml of water within a single hour, sourced from air possessing a relative humidity of 75% and a temperature of 318 K while consuming a mere 20W of electrical power. Chaves et al. [12] studied water extraction from the atmosphere through condensation, employing a specialized duct with fins and thermoelectric coolers, as simulated using ANSYS FLUENT software. The investigation unveiled that the devised apparatus can yield a maximum of 44 milliliters of water per hour in locales characterized by elevated humidity, such as Mumbai. ...
... Wind farms are predominantly situated in the northeastern semi-arid region of Brazil, where the Caatinga biome prevails, owing to its attractive attributes, including its strategic positioning for capturing robust and consistent wind resources alongside low and erratic rainfall patterns [9,11]. Nevertheless, despite substantial investments in this area, limited research has addressed the valorization of wood residues resulting from vegetation suppression in this region. ...
In the past few years, wind power has become a viable alternative in Brazil to diversify the energy mix and mitigate pollutant emissions from fossil fuels. Significant wind energy generation potential is inherent in the Brazilian Northeast state of Rio Grande do Norte, due to prevailing strong winds along the coastline and elevated regions. However, clean and renewable wind energy may lead to potential biodiversity impacts, including the removal of native vegetation during plant construction and operation. This case study explores the flash pyrolysis-based valorization of three commonly suppressed species, namely Cenostigma pyramidale (CP), Commiphora leptophloeos (CL), and Aspidosperma pyrifolium (AP), in a wind farm situated within the Mato Grande region of Rio Grande do Norte State. The study centers on determining their bioenergy-related properties and assessing their potential for producing phenolic-rich bio-oil. The investigation of three wood residues as potential sources of high-value chemicals, specifically phenolic compounds, was conducted using a micro-furnace type temperature programmable pyrolyzer combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS setup). The range of higher heating values observed for three wood residues was 17.5-18.4 MJ kg −1 , with the highest value attributed to AP wood residue. The bulk density ranged from 126.5 to 268.7 kg m −3 , while ash content, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, and lignin content were within the respective ranges of 0.8-2.9 wt.%, 78.5-89.6 wt.%, 2.6-9.5 wt.%, and 19.1-30.6 wt.%. Although the energy-related properties signifying the potential value of three wood residues as energy resources are evident, their applicability in the bioenergy sector can be expanded via pelleting or briquetting. Yields of phenolic compounds exceeding 40% from the volatile pyrolysis products of CL and AP wood residues at 500 • C make them favorable for phenolic-rich bio-oil production. The findings of this study endorse the utilization of wood residues resulting from vegetation suppression during the installation of wind energy plants as potential feedstocks for producing bioenergy and sustainable phenolic compounds. This presents a solution for addressing a regional environmental concern following the principles of green chemistry.
... In this regard, analyses of the essential environmental consequences of water utilization in energy generation are necessary, such as impacts on water scarcity, quality, and ecosystem degradation. For example, Petrakopoulou et al. [12] analyzes the impact of rising ambient temperatures on power plant performance and water use by focusing on coal and natural gas combined-cycle power plants that use recirculating and once-through cooling systems. They report that higher ambient temperatures increase pressure at the steam turbine outlet and thus decrease power plant efficiency, and that recirculating cooling systems are more sensitive to temperature variations, which results in a greater decrease in efficiency and cooling-water mass flow. ...
As the world continues to transition towards cleaner and more efficient energy sources, the intricate interplay between water and energy in power systems has emerged as an essential and multifaceted relationship with profound implications for sustainable energy planning. This comprehensive exploration considers a diverse range of academic databases and synthesizes relevant research to systematically investigate the current state of knowledge on the water-energy nexus. By distilling key findings and concepts related to the water-energy nexus in power systems, this work underscores the pivotal role of water in power generation and the energy required for water treatment and distribution. Additionally, this exploration brings into focus the challenges that the water-energy nexus faces, including the far-reaching impacts of climate change and the potential of renewable energy solutions. The complex policy and regulatory frameworks that govern the water-energy nexus in power systems are also examined, highlighting the crucial need for integrated approaches in energy and water management. By identifying key areas for further research and emphasizing the urgency for innovative solutions, this exploration stresses the need to prioritize sustainable management of water and energy resources in an effective, efficient, and resilient manner.
... Additionally, a wind turbine system design employing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle to generate energy and water for isolated areas has been presented (Solís-Chaves et al., 2018). An assessment of atmospheric water harvesting potential in Thailand, using a direct cooling approach, revealed a harvest rate of 0.97-1.30 ...
... One approach involves had been exploiting dissipated heat from wind turbines for running an absorption refrigeration cycle that uses different waternanoparticle mixtures for heat transfer, among the three mixtures that were used to produce a high cooling effect and freshwater, the copper/ water mixture had the best performance [119]. Another company is proposing a wind turbine system that can produce both electricity and drinkable water for remote areas using a vapor compression refrigeration cycle [120]. Additionally, a self-atmospheric water harvesting condenser powered by a wind turbine has been proposed and tested, as well as a solar chimney, as shown in Fig. 16, for energy and water harvesting that uses black pipes to heat the air and water. ...
... Low operating and maintenance costs, exibility in different capacities, no use of chemicals for water treatment are the features of this system. 47 Research to develop wind technology to harvesting water from air must be carefully developed based on the design of the air turbine system. Because optimization of aerodynamic conditions, design, compliance with standards, material selection and other parameters are important in proper turbine operation. ...
Although science has made great strides in recent years, access to fresh water remains a major challenge for humanity due to water shortage for two-thirds of the world's population.
... AWGs can be further classified as condensation and sorption types [5]. The condensation type AWG uses vapour compression cycle (VCC) [6][7][8][9][10][11] or thermoelectric cooling (TEC) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] to cool down a surface temperature of a heat exchanger below the dew point temperature of the process air. The weak point of condensation AWGs is that the water harvesting process under dry and hot climatic conditions is very energy intensive or even impossible due to very low dew point temperature values (sometimes even negative) [20,21]. ...
In this paper, a novel concept of an atmospheric water generator (AWG) based on desiccant coated heat exchangers (DCHEs) is presented. Two silica gel coated heat exchangers (SGCHEs) and two zeolite coated heat exchangers (ZCHEs) were prepared by coating a desiccant material on the surface of a conventional air-to-water fin-tube heat exchanger. An experimental set-up was built to investigate the performance characteristics of the prepared DCHEs in terms of the moisture removal capacity MRC, the effective duration of the process te, and the total moisture mass transferred during the dehumidification/regeneration cycle MT. The influence of the regeneration hot-water temperature Tw,in on the performance characteristics was also analysed. The experimental results showed that ZCHEs have better performance characteristics under arid climatic conditions than SGCHEs. It was found that the ZCHEs have approximately four times higher value of the moisture transferred during the dehumidification/generation cycle MT compared to the SGCHEs, 10.15 g for the ZCHEs and 2.60 g for the SGCHEs. Moreover, it can be concluded that the influence of the regeneration water temperature Tw,in for ZCHEs is not as critical as for SGCHEs. The experimental results indicated that when the regeneration hot-water temperature Tw,in decreases from 85 °C to 65 °C, the moisture transferred during the dehumidification/regeneration cycle MT for the ZCHEs decreases from 10.15 g to 7.11 g representing a 30% decrease in the system performance, while for the SGCHEs the same decrease in the regeneration hot-water temperature Tw,in causes a significant decrease in the moisture mass transferred during the cycle MT from 2.60 g to 0.85 g, representing a 67% decrease in the system performance.
... Most of previous studies for both AWH by direct cooling and desiccants were performed under the actual climates [4], [13]- [20], which is uncontrollable air temperature and RH. For example, a group of works tested the portable AWH system based on the thermoelectric cooler under ambient temperature and RH in the range of 18-30 o C and 60-82 %, respectively [17]. ...
For testing the entire system of atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), large microclimate control room was required to provide the stable climate conditions. The objective of this work was to develop an innovative microclimate control room using IoT system to provide the realistic and stable situation for AWH research. A room with dimensions of 2.5 × 4.5 × 3 m (W × L × H) was selected. Main controller units were used to collect data from a group of temperature and relative humidity sensors and to control microclimate through the operating devices, i.e. air conditioner, heaters, humidifier and dehumidifier. Modes of the control can be selected as offline control by the control panel or online control by the IoT platform. Flow and temperature distribution were assessed by computational fluid dynamics. The desired conditions at temperature and relative humidity between 20-45 oC and 40-80%, respectively, can be maintained by the control system with high stability. The alignment of the operating devices allowed homogeneous temperature distribution. Flow distribution can be adjusted by the air guide vane of the air conditioner to provide proper conditions for different AHW types.
... Moreover, the wind turbine-powered vapor compression cycle for water extraction can be classified into two commercial devices, as shown in Fig. 12: Rainmaker (a Dutch model), and Eolewater (a French model) [51]. In both systems, the wind turbine powers the vapor compression cycle, and the air is directed to the low temperature heat exchanger to be cooled till the dew point. ...
... Wind turbine-driven vapor compression cycles: (a) Rainmaker System, and (b) Eolewater System[51]. ...
The increasing of the world population without increasing the natural resources caused water shortage in many regions around the world. Herein is a review of a new freshwater resource depending on harvesting the moisture of the atmospheric air. There are two main methods for extracting water from the ambient air: including composite materials method and cooling the air to the dew point. In the first method, the composite materials absorb the atmospheric air’s moisture and regenerate it into drinking water under certain conditions. Researchers have worked on changing the composite material type, and its additives and parameters to improve the productivity of water with acceptable cost. The second method requires just cooling of the atmospheric air until its moisture gets condensed. Power sources based on renewable energy have been developed to drive various techniques, such as vapor-compression cycles, absorption cycles, and Peltier effect-based devices. Beside reviewing different methodologies, this paper focused on the factors that affect the process of extracting water from the air. The formulas for computing the efficiency and water productivity were also mentioned. On the other hand, the research trend of the current topic was analyzed by conducting a comprehensive bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software based on the Scopus database in the period (1988 – 2021).
... In principle, water vapour in the air is cooled down below the dew point temperature by, for example, a vapour compression cycle (VCC). In Ref. [7] two existing technologies and two commercial systems that can be applied in hybrid wind systems were analysed for Brazil climatic conditions. Integrated system for air conditioning and production of drinking water in hotel at coastal area was investigated in Ref. [8]. ...
To offer an alternative way of supplying potable water to people in desert climatic conditions, a prototype of a mobile autonomous atmospheric water generator was designed, constructed, and experimentally investigated. The dimensions of the prototype are 1 × 1.4 × 1 m. To ensure the efficient water extraction from the atmospheric vapour in the desert climatic conditions, a desiccant wheel was used to provide a water vapour mass transfer from one airflow to another. Cooling the air stream (120 m³/h) below the dew point temperature was realised by a vapour compression cycle. The influence of the climatic conditions (air temperature and humidity ratio) on the water production, energy consumption, and device performance was studied and analysed. The developed prototype can effectively harvest water in arid locations with a water harvesting rate (WHR) from 0.23 kg/h to 1.45 kg/h and a unit performance coefficient (UPC) from 1.00 kWh/kg to 4.65 kWh/kg. Subsequently, a whole year simulation analysis with different control strategies was conducted for the desert climatic conditions of Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) and Tamanrasset (Algeria). The results of the simulation showed that, in the fully autonomous mode, annual average daily water production rates of 7.9 kg/day and 8.1 kg/day were achieved for the Riyadh and Tamanrasset climatic conditions, respectively, proving it to be an efficient and valuable solution for potable water production in extremely dry and hot regions.
