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Research indicates that Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is associated with significant and chronic impairment across multiple areas of functioning including physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioral domains. Whilst impairments associated with ABI can be ameliorated, cure is seldom possible. The emergence of positive psychology reflects a paradigm s...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... categories were then referenced against original codes in ATLAS to check for consistency and appropriateness of categorization. The analysis of the data followed a guide introduced by Braun and Clarke (2006), which outlines a 6-step procedure to good Thematic Analysis (see Table 3). Braun and Clarke (2006) note that qualitative research will inevitably involve a mixture of both inductive and deductive approaches. ...Similar publications
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Background
Youth in communities with high rates of crime and low rates of collective efficacy are at risk of depression, substance abuse, and other types of delinquency.
Objective
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Citations
... Participants rated positive social connection with other group members as the most helpful intervention component and described how this connection reduced feelings of isolation, validated their experience of ABI, helped them make sense of their own recovery, and inspired behaviour change. Similar benefits have been reported following other group rehabilitation programs (Large et al., 2020;Tulip et al., 2020;Withiel et al., 2020) and group connection following ABI is linked to psychological growth particularly when there is a strong sense of belonging or identification with other group members (Griffin et al., 2022;Lyon et al., 2021). In contrast, isolation and invalidating social experiences post-ABI have been shown to reduce self-worth and reinforce the discrepancy between an individual's pre-and post-injury identity (Levack et al., 2014;Villa et al., 2021;William et al., 2014). ...
... Finally, our themes have similarity with findings from other qualitative studies exploring the adjustment process and adjustment-related interventions following ABI (Domensino et al., 2022;Fadyl et al., 2019;Large et al., 2020;Salas et al., 2018). A qualitative meta-synthesis could be conducted to better understand how positive adjustment is facilitated by mapping themes onto existing models of adjustment and wellbeing (Gracey et al., 2009;Tulip et al., 2020). This could guide future intervention development and better measurement of these outcomes. ...
... Over the last few years, we have developed an 8-weekpositive psychotherapy intervention [14,15,24] involving one session per week over the 8-week period. Our treatment manual has been reiterated several times based on our previous clinical experience of running this group, user feedback and developments in wellbeing science. ...
Background
Acquired brain injury (ABI) and other chronic conditions are placing unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems. In the UK, 1.3 million people live with the effects of brain injury, costing the UK economy approximately £15 billion per year. As a result, there is an urgent need to adapt existing healthcare delivery to meet increasing current and future demands. A focus on wellbeing may provide an innovative opportunity to reduce the pressure on healthcare services while also supporting patients to live more meaningful lives. The overarching aims of the study are as follows: (1) evaluate the feasibility of conducting a positive psychotherapy intervention for individuals with ABI and (2) ascertain under what conditions such an intervention would merit a fully powered randomised controlled trial (RCT) compared to a standard control group (TAU).
Methods and analysis
A randomised, two-arm feasibility trial involving allocation of patients to either a treatment group (positive psychotherapy) or control group (treatment as usual) group, according to a 1:1 ratio. A total of 60 participants at three sites will be recruited including 20 participants at each site. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, on completion of the 8-week intervention and 3 months following completion. These will include a range of questionnaire-based measures, psychophysiology and qualitative outcomes focusing on feasibility outcomes and participant experience. This study has been approved by the Wales Research Ethics Committee (IRAS project ID: 271,251, REC reference: 19/WA/0336).
Discussion
This study will be the first to examine the feasibility of an innovative, holistic positive psychotherapy intervention for people living with ABI, focused on individual, collective and planetary wellbeing, and will enable us to determine whether to proceed to a full randomised controlled trial.
... The combined cognitive and psychological outcomes linked to NPR have led to it being prescribed as an evidenced-based and routine treatment option for people with ABI in the NHS (SIGN, 2013). Although NPR is considered beneficial and effective at improving PWB (Aboulafia-Brakha & Ptak, 2016;Bertisch et al., 2011;Chouliara & Lincoln, 2016;Cicerone et al., 2011;Lundqvist et al., 2010;Mansson Lexell et al., 2013;Tulip et al., 2020;von Mesenkampff et al., 2015), the current evidence is yet to outline (i) the specific components that are indicated as leading to improvement (SIGN, 2013) or impact, and (ii) the most effective contextual features of NPR as an intervention. Furthermore, as there are no current online, group-based NPR available that have been systematically developed or evaluated, a systematic literature review that can explore these complex, unanswered questions to inform the development of a new online, group-based NPR is indicated. ...
... These positive emotions play a crucial role in fostering well-being for individuals with nephrotic syndrome. This correlation is corroborated by the research of Tulip et al. (2020), which suggests that positive emotions can significantly enhance an individual's attainment of subjective well-being in their life. ...
Sufferers of nephrotic syndrome can be found in both developed and developing countries. All individuals afflicted with nephrotic syndrome, including both children and adults, often experience a loss of hope and find it challenging to attain subjective well-being in their lives. Therefore, this research aims to determine the portrait of subjective well-being in people with nephrotic syndrome by examining the components and factors that influence subjective well-being. The method employed in this research is descriptive qualitative phenomenology. The data collection process in this study utilizes data triangulation, including observation, interviews, and document analysis. Data analysis was conducted using interactive data analysis methods. The findings of this study indicate that, in general, individuals suffering from nephrotic syndrome tend to have low subjective well-being or face difficulties in achieving it in their lives. This is primarily due to individuals being unable to fulfill the components and factors of subjective well-being, often experiencing higher negative affect than positive affect. Additionally, researchers have identified new factors that influence subjective well-being, namely lifestyle and self-confidence.
... The accessibility and flexibility of this method makes it more preferable. Braun and Clarke's (2006) [12] six phase thematic analysis approaches were employed in this study as shown in Table 10 [78]. Moreover, direct quotations of participants' responses to the interview questions were also presented because in descriptive analysis it is important to make use of direct quotations from the participants and discuss the findings based on these quotations to ensure validity [38]. ...
... Tourism products need planning to demonstrate the scale, cultural identity, and identity of local cuisine. Food service always needs to be associated with typical and traditional local products along with ensuring reasonable price, service style, hygiene and safety [78]. ...
This paper aims to assess the Impact of Community Based Sustainable Tourism development in Phobjikha Valley in Wangduephodrang district, Bhutan. This paper considers the impact of CBST from the perspective of local people in two development aspects: economic, and sociocultural. In addition, this paper explores the perspective of the local people to support the initiation of Community-Based Sustainable Tourism in the valley of Phobjikha, through their views on the Challenges that are brought by it and the effort they put in to overcome those challenges through different means of Interventions. This paper employed mixed methods, and the data were collected through Field survey questionnaires, survey interviews, and two FGDs. This paper found that CBST has brought positive economic and socio-cultural impact, while in other aspects, it produces negative impacts such as environmental damage due to inadequate management of waste. Therefore, this paper proposes the application of collaborative strategy between community, local government, and tourism business actors in order to develop community-based sustainable tourism in Phobjikha valley.
... The findings of the current study are consistent with those of previous studies, in that the higher a patient's acceptance of disease, the better their adherence to treatment and medication. The higher their degree of cooperation, the more stable their physical condition, and patients with a more stable condition will experience reduced self-perceived stress, improved QOL, and increased positive emotions [38,41,42] and well-being [43]. ...
Background
Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) is a commonly used renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease patients. MHD patients have undergone multiple physiological stressors, which may cause physical problems and affect their mental health; however, few qualitative studies have been done on the mental health of MHD patients. Such qualitative research becomes the basis for further quantitative research and is critical to validating its results. Therefore, the current qualitative study used a semi-structured interview format, and aimed to explore the mental health and its influencing factors of MHD patients who are not receiving intervention treatment to determine how best to ameliorate their mental health.
Methods
Based on the application of Grounded Theory, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 35 MHD patients, following consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ) guidelines. Two indicators (emotional state and well-being) were used to assess MHD patients’ mental health. All interviews were recorded, after which two researchers independently performed data analyses using NVivo.
Results
Acceptance of disease, complications, stress and coping styles, and social support were found to be the influencing factors of MHD patients’ mental health. High acceptance of disease, healthy coping styles, and high social support were positively correlated with mental health. In contrast, low acceptance of disease, multiple complications, increased stress, and unhealthy coping styles were negatively correlated with mental health.
Conclusion
One’s acceptance of the disease played a more significant role than other factors in affecting MHD patients’ mental health.
... Meaning is associated with personal identity and giving rather than taking. Meaningfulness involves integrating the past, the present, and the future [9,17,[31][32][33][34]. Human beings use strengths outside personal beneficence in fulfilling the goals they consider significant [7]. ...
Background:
The PERMA well-being scale measures the multidimensionality of well-being in human populations. It highlights positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. Despite the empirical advancement and evolution of the PERMA scale in different settings, its applicability to open and distance learning (ODL) has not been adequately established among undergraduate students in sub-Saharan Africa.
Methodology:
Our study examines the theoretical reliability, validity, and five-factor structure of the shortened 35-item version of the PERMA well-being scale as it was adapted in an ODL tertiary institution in Botswana. The PERMA model of well-being and self-determination theory (SDT) served as theoretical frameworks. We evaluated the adapted PERMA scale's reliability, construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis, and measures of invariance to assess if the data of undergraduate students in an ODL context study fitted the PERMA model of a well-being five-factor structure. We used a multi-stage sampling scheme incorporating a convenience sampling approach where the respondents were invited to voluntarily participate in the study through a WhatsApp group, followed by snowball sampling where we asked the participants to add others to the WhatsApp group during the timeline of the survey; the sample comprised 215 respondents (age: mean = 38.17, standard deviation = 6.472). We collected data from former and active undergraduate B.Ed. (Bachelor of Education) degree students from five regional campuses of the open university through an online survey built into the Qualtrics platform. The Cronbach's alpha indicated that one item should be removed from the engagement domain.
Results:
The overall adapted scale retained a 34-item PERMA well-being scale in the particular ODL context. The goodness of fit indices confirmed the five-domain structure with the 34 items.
Conclusions:
The psychometric properties of the 34-item adapted PERMA well-being scale suggest that it can be a valuable and feasible instrument in ODL in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, the adapted scale can be applied in educational settings moving towards open and distance e-learning forms of delivery.
... Our theoretical work was largely inspired by the pragmatic need to understand what wellbeing actually was in order to design a clinical service that could facilitate it, rather than simply aiming to reduce deficits and distress. To that end, our 'GENIAL' model was derived by imposing an interpretative framework on the published literature working towards a transdisciplinary understanding of wellbeing (Fisher et al., 2020;Kemp et al., 2017;Mead et al., 2021) explicitly linked to a broader context including sociocontextual factors. The GENIAL acronym refers to relationships between Genomics-Environment-vagus Nerve-social Interaction-Allostatic regulation-Longevity which over the life course support or impede wellbeing. ...
... Surf therapy provided the context for the experience of multiple determinants of wellbeing in line with our GENIAL theoretical framework (Fisher et al., 2020;Kemp et al., 2017;Mead et al., 2021). For instance, at the level of the individual, surf therapy created opportunities for managing difficult emotions, drawing on their character strengths and experiencing positive emotions while engaging in positive health behaviours. ...
This is a preprint of the following chapter:
Gibbs, K., Fisher, Z. & Kemp, A.H., ‘Toward a Culture of Care for Societal Wellbeing: A Perspective from the Healthcare Sector’, to be published in Broadening the Scope of Wellbeing Science: Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Human Flourishing and Wellbeing, edited by A.H. Kemp & D.J. Edwards, (forthcoming), Palgrave Macmillan, reproduced with permission of Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The final authenticated version will be made available online once published.
... The science of wellbeing has given rise to new opportunities including interventions designed to improve wellbeing in people living with chronic conditions (e.g., Tulip et al., 2020;Wilkie et al., 2021;Gibbs et al., 2022), for whom interventions have typically focused on reducing illbeing. Wellbeing in chronic conditions may be promoted through efforts to tackle wellbeing at multiple levels of scale for system-wide change, consistent with a systems-informed positive psychology . ...
The construct of wellbeing has been difficult to define and has avoided straightforward solutions (Bache et al., 2016). This also makes the topic a fascinating one to reflect on and study. Here we introduce the complex construct of wellbeing, then discuss how the vagus nerve might support the experience of it, before reflecting on some complexities and opportunities arising from a focus on vagal function as target for “inner development” and transformation of the self.
... It is therefore crucial to provide early psychotherapeutic treatment for patients with acquired brain injury to improve their long-term outcomes of rehabilitation 11 . Although still sparsely represented, psychotherapeutic interventions for patients with acquired brain injury have emerged in the last decade [12][13][14][15] . Effective approaches include positive psychotherapy 13 , integrative neuropsychotherapy incorporating interventions of cognitive behavioral therapy 12 , acceptance and commitment therapy 14 as well as compassion-focused therapy 15 . ...
... Although still sparsely represented, psychotherapeutic interventions for patients with acquired brain injury have emerged in the last decade [12][13][14][15] . Effective approaches include positive psychotherapy 13 , integrative neuropsychotherapy incorporating interventions of cognitive behavioral therapy 12 , acceptance and commitment therapy 14 as well as compassion-focused therapy 15 . Research shows that psychotherapy can help to ameliorate the adjustment-process to acquired brain injury 16 and promising evidence summarizes the effectiveness of psychological interventions for patients with acquired brain injury on depressive symptoms with an overall medium effect size of d = 0.69 when compared to control conditions 17 . ...
Transdiagnostic psychotherapeutic approaches are increasingly used in neurorehabilitation to address psychological distress. Animal-assistance is thought to increase efficacy. The present study evaluates a psychotherapeutic mindfulness- and self-compassion-based group intervention (MSCBI) with and without animal-assistance for patients with acquired brain injury. Patients (N = 31) were randomly assigned to the 6-week intervention with (n = 14) or without animal-assistance (n = 17). Primary outcome was psychological distress at post- and follow-up treatment, secondary outcomes were changes within-session of patients’ emotional states, adherence to treatment and attrition. Psychological distress significantly decreased in both groups from pre- to follow-up treatment with no difference between groups. Patients in the animal-assisted MSCBI group reported significantly higher increases in feeling secure, accepted, comforted, grateful, motivated and at ease during the sessions compared to patients in the MSCBI group without animal-assistance. Adherence to sessions was significantly higher in the animal-assisted MSCBI group. Attrition did not significantly differ between groups. Our results show that both MSCBIs with and without animal-assistance are feasible and effective in reducing psychological distress in patients with acquired brain injury. The significant changes within-sessions mainly in relationship-based emotional states and the higher treatment adherence suggest additional effects of animal-assistance. Animal-assistance might increase acceptability and patients’ commitment to psychotherapy.
