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Brain regions showing the ReHo abnormalities in patients with EOD compared with young HC (FDR corrected). Red color: significant increased ReHo. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184712.g002
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Objective:
Previous work exhibited different brain grey matter volume (GMV) changes between patients with early adult onset depression (EOD, age 18-29) and later adult onset depression (LOD, age 30-44) by using 30-year-old as the cut-off age. To identify whether regional homogeneity (ReHo) changes are also different between EOD and LOD by using sa...
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the brain functional alterations with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in older patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to assess the causal relationship of the brain function and neuropsychological changes.
Methods: We perform...
Citations
... Previous findings have identified regional grey matter variations in the frontal lobe, putamen, parietal lobe, caudate, thalamus, pallidum, and temporal lobes [47][48][49]. Abnormal brain activity has been observed in the prefrontal cortex, occipital lobe [50], Table 1. Mechanistic cause of taste dysfunction. ...
Objective
This study aims to investigate the relationship between taste dysfunction and depression among patients with schizophrenia, to achieve early detection of depression in clinical practice.
Methods
Following PRISMA guidance, a comprehensive literature search was conducted globally, covering papers published from 1961 to June 2023. A total of 17 manuscripts were selected through meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis after examining available materials from seven databases to determine the correlation between depression and taste dysfunction.
Results
The comparison of the 17 selected manuscripts revealed that individuals with gustatory dysfunction may be more likely to experience depressive symptoms (SMD, 0.51, 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.93, p = 0.02). Depression is associated with taste dysfunction in certain aspects, as indicated by the pleasantness ratings of sucrose solutions (SMD, -0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.11 to 0.05, p = 0.08), gustatory identification ability (SMD, 0.96, 95% CI, 0.03 to 1.89, p = 0.04), and the perce p tion threshold of sweet taste (MD, 0.80, 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.81, p < 0.00001).
Conclusions
Due to variations in the methods, designs, and selection criteria employed in the included studies, it is necessary to establish a feasible framework. Future research using detailed and targeted approaches can provide clearer and more unified conclusions on the relationship between taste dysfunction and depression. Moreover, further high-quality research is needed to obtain clearer conclusions and explore the potential of taste dysfunction as an effective tool for early screening of depression.
Trial registration
This review has been registered in the PROSPERO on April 2022 with the identifier CRD42023400172 .
... As well, the difference between the mean ages of the 2 subgroups was approximately 5 years, even though they were J Psychiatry Neurosci 2022;47 (6) matched for age at illness onset, which may exclude the influence of onset age on brain function. [66][67][68] From the perspective of brain development, life-long neurodevelopmental trajectories indicate that brain development in young adulthood is relatively mature and has less variation over time compared to childhood and late adulthood. 69 We speculate that the slight difference in age between the 2 patient subgroups may not have had a significant effect on the results. ...
BACKGROUND: Understanding the neural basis for major depressive disorder (MDD) is essential for its diagnosis and treatment. Aberrant activation and functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) have been found consistently in patients with MDD. However, whether effective connectivity within and between these networks is altered in MDD remains unknown. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effective connectivity of the 3 networks in patients with MDD at rest. METHODS: We included 63 patients with MDD (35 first-episode and 28 recurrent) and 74 healthy controls, and collected resting-state functional MRI data for all participants. We defined 15 regions of interest from the 3 functional brain networks of interest using group independent component analysis. We estimated the coupling parameters that reflected the causal interactions among these regions using spectral dynamic causal modelling. We used parametric empirical Bayes to determine commonalities across groups, differences between patients with MDD and healthy controls, and differences between patients with recurrent and first-episode MDD. RESULTS: We found positive (excitatory) connections within each network, negative (inhibitory) connections from the SN and DAN to the DMN, and positive connections from the DAN to the SN across groups. Compared to healthy controls, patients with MDD showed increased positive connections within the DMN, a decreased absolute value of negative connectivity from the SN to the DMN, and increased positive connections from the SN to the DAN. We also found that patients with recurrent MDD showed remarkably different effective connections compared to patients with first-episode MDD, especially related to the DAN. LIMITATIONS: Because of the relatively small sample size and the unclear medication history of the MDD sample, the present findings are in need of replication. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that effective connectivity among high-order brain functional networks during rest was disrupted in patients with MDD. Moreover, patients with recurrent MDD exhibited different effective connections compared to patients with first-episode MDD. These differences in effective connectivity might provide new insights into the neural substrates of MDD.
... Previous research has suggested that abnormal ReHo could be the result of localized brain function imbalance or a decompensation reaction involving the entire brain network (Dai et al., 2012;Zuo et al., 2013). Multiple studies have shown that ReHo values in the precentral gyrus (PrCG) , the postcentral gyrus (PoCG) (Xia et al., 2019;Liu et al., 2021), the calcarine cortex (CAL) (Shen et al., 2017), the supplementary motor area (SMA) (Yan et al., 2021), and the lingual gyrus (LG) (Geng et al., 2019) are all increased in MDD patients compared with healthy controls (HCs). ...
... The LG and CAL belong to the visual cortex and are involved in facial expression and emotion processing (Dima et al., 2018;Sun et al., 2018), and higher levels of visual processing . Researchers discovered that MDD patients had significantly higher ReHo in LG and CAL than HCs (Shen et al., 2017;Geng et al., 2019). The particular dynamic ALFF change for MDD was discovered in the LG and CAL (Peirce, 2015). ...
Introduction
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disease with prominent individual, medical, and economic impacts. Drug therapy and other treatment methods (such as Electroconvulsive therapy) may induce treatment-resistance and have associated side effects including loss of memory, decrease of reaction time, and residual symptoms. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a novel and non-invasive treatment approach which stimulates brain structures with no side-effects. However, it remains little understood whether and how the neural activation is modulated by taVNS in MDD patients. Herein, we used the regional homogeneity (ReHo) to investigate the brain activity in first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients after taVNS treatment.
Materials and methods
Twenty-two first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients were enrolled in the study. These patients received the first taVNS treatment at the baseline time, and underwent resting-state MRI scanning twice, before and after taVNS. All the patients then received taVNS treatments for 4 weeks. The severity of depression was assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) at the baseline time and after 4-week’s treatment. Pearson analysis was used to assess the correlation between alterations of ReHo and changes of the HAMD scores. Two patients were excluded due to excessive head movement, two patients lack clinical data in the fourth week, thus, imaging analysis was performed in 20 patients, while correlation analysis between clinical and imaging data was performed in only 18 patients.
Results
There were significant differences in the ReHo values in first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients between pre- or post- taVNS. The primary finding is that the patients exhibited a significantly lower ReHo in the left/right median cingulate cortex, the left precentral gyrus, the left postcentral gyrus, the right calcarine cortex, the left supplementary motor area, the left paracentral lobule, and the right lingual gyrus. Pearson analysis revealed a positive correlation between changes of ReHo in the right median cingulate cortex/the left supplementary motor area and changes of HAMD scores after taVNS.
Conclusion
The decreased ReHo were found after taVNS. The sensorimotor, limbic and visual-related brain regions may play an important role in understanding the underlying neural mechanisms and be the target brain regions in the further therapy.
... The above studies suggest that the biological evidence for the age limits of EORD and LORD is unclear and there is no unified consensus on age classification criteria. In this study, the age of EORD was defined as 18 to 29 years and LORD was defined from 30 to 45 years based on previous studies to avoid the effect of (>45 years) cerebrovascular disease (Shen et al., 2017). ...
... ReHo can reflect the synchronization of brain functional activity state in localized regions of whole-brain voxels and is used to assess the level of coordination of neural activity in local brain regions (Zang et al., 2004). In addition, the ReHo indicator has been used to study changes in neuronal functional activity in depressive subtypes of the brain, and abnormalities have been found in brain regions such as the frontal lobe, precuneus, and insula (Chen et al., 2012;Shen et al., 2017;Zhang et al., 2021). The ReHo values of these abnormal brain regions are closely correlated with the default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN). ...
... The ReHo values of these abnormal brain regions are closely correlated with the default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN). The correlation of ReHo values with abnormal brain regions in subtypes of depression is useful for understanding the degree of severity of the disease and neuroimaging markers (Shen et al., 2017;Liu et al., 2021). Previous studies have also found that differences in brain function across subtypes of depression are associated with abnormalities in DMN and SN (Li et al., 2017;Cai et al., 2021). ...
Background
Neurobiological mechanisms underlying the recurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) at different ages are unclear, and this study used the regional homogeneity (ReHo) index to compare whether there are differences between early onset recurrent depression (EORD) and late onset recurrent depression (LORD).
Methods
Eighteen EORD patients, 18 LORD patients, 18 young healthy controls (HCs), and 18 older HCs were included in the rs-fMRI scans. ReHo observational metrics were used for image analysis and further correlation of differential brain regions with clinical symptoms was analyzed.
Results
ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences between the four groups in ReHo values in the prefrontal, parietal, temporal lobes, and insula. Compared with EORD, the LORD had higher ReHo in the right fusiform gyrus/right middle temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus/left angular gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus/right angular gyrus, and lower ReHo in the right inferior frontal gyrus/right insula and left superior temporal gyrus/left insula. Compared with young HCs, the EORD had higher ReHo in the right inferior frontal gyrus/right insula, left superior temporal gyrus/left insula, and left rolandic operculum gyrus/left superior temporal gyrus, and lower ReHo in the left inferior parietal lobule, right inferior parietal lobule, and left middle temporal gyrus/left angular gyrus. Compared with old HCs, the LORD had higher ReHo in the right fusiform gyrus/right middle temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus/right angular gyrus, and left rolandic operculum gyrus/left superior temporal gyrus, and lower ReHo in the right inferior frontal gyrus/right insula. ReHo in the right inferior frontal gyrus/right insula of patients with LORD was negatively correlated with the severity of 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) scores (r = −0.5778, p = 0.0120).
Conclusion
Adult EORD and LORD patients of different ages have abnormal neuronal functional activity in some brain regions, with differences closely related to the default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN), and patients of each age group exhibit ReHo abnormalities relative to matched HCs.
Clinical Trial Registration
[http://www.chictr.org.cn/], [ChiCTR1800014277].
... depression, age 18-29) displayed significantly increased ReHo in the left precuneus (Chen et al., 2012;Shen et al., 2017). In our study, we did not have similar observations on the left precuneus, probably reflecting the idiosyncrasies of the different study subjects. ...
Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) with suicide attempts (SA) poses a significant public health issue. This study aims to identify neurobiological markers for MDD with SA on resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).
Methods
Fifty-one unmedicated adult MDD participants, 27 with SA on the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation and 24 without SA, underwent rs-fMRI scanning. A group of 30 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, gender, and education-level with MDD were chosen. A whole brain analysis of regional homogeneity (ReHo) was performed on subjects to identify regions where brain activity was associated with SA. Multiple comparison analysis was performed for ReHo. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed between HAMD-SA scores and ReHo. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05.
Results
We examined whether there were significant differences among the three groups in whole brain ReHo during resting state. Subjects with SA showed significant increase of ReHo in the right Cingulum Post in comparison with those without SA. Subjects with SA showed significant decrease of ReHo in the right Cingulate Gyrus/Precuneus in comparison with HC. The mean ReHo from the significant brain region was associated with HAMD-SA (item 3 of the HAMD) scores (r = 0.349, P = 0.012) but was not associated with HAMD-24 scores.
Conclusion
These results indicate that SA is associated with altered resting-state brain activity. The pattern of elevated activity in the cingulum functioning may be related to SA. Identifying cingulum activity associated with SA may help to elucidate its pathogenesis and etiology.
... During the subtask T2, however, in which not only passive observation but also active counting of irregular stimuli was required, we observed a significant reduction in the ReHo value in DMN, which is in concordance with previously reported reduction of ReHo in the DMN during a simple cognitive task [48]. Generally, a reduction in ReHo seems to indicate a decrease in activity in the observed region [73,74]. Interestingly, a renewed increase in ReHo occurred in the DMN during the response task (T3). ...
The default mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the central executive network (CEN) are considered as the core resting-state brain networks (RSN) due to their involvement in a wide range of cognitive tasks. Despite the large body of knowledge related to their regional spontaneous activity (RSA) and functional connectivity (FC) of these networks, less is known about the dynamics of the task-associated modulation on these parameters and the task-induced interaction between these three networks. We have investigated the effects of the visual-oddball paradigm on three fMRI measures (amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations for RSA, regional homogeneity for local FC, and degree centrality for global FC) in these three core RSN. A rest-task-rest paradigm was used and the RSNs were identified using independent component analysis (ICA) on the resting-state data. The observed patterns of change differed noticeably between the networks and were tightly associated with the task-related brain activity and the distinct involvement of the networks in the performance of the single subtasks. Furthermore, the inter-network analysis showed an increased synchronization of CEN with the DMN and the SN immediately after the task, but not between the DMN and SN. Higher pre-task inter-network synchronization between the DMN and the CEN was associated with shorter reaction times and thus better performance. Our results provide some additional insights into the dynamics within and between the triple RSN. Further investigations are required in order to understand better their functional importance and interplay.
... Observed VMHC reduction of SMG (BA40) and insula (BA13/47) is more prominent among mid-adulthood MDDs than earlyadulthood MDDs, indicating age-related functional integration patterns between hemispheres. Many previous studies have exhibited discrepancies between mid-adulthood MDDs and early-adulthood MDDs in symptom profiles, psychiatric characteristics, psychosocial factors, 22 morphology, 47 and local FC, 48 suggesting potentially divergent pathological mechanisms of EOD and MOD. For example, differences in symptomatology were observed between EOD and MOD: feelings of sadness, diminished concentration, and suicidal thoughts were significantly less prevalent at a higher age of onset, whereas decreased appetite/weight loss was more prominent. ...
Background:
Recently, functional homotopy (FH) architecture, defined as robust functional connectivity (FC) between homotopic regions, has been frequently reported to be altered in MDD patients (MDDs) but with divergent locations.
Methods:
In this study, we obtained resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) data from 1004 MDDs (mean age, 33.88 years; age range, 18-60 years) and 898 matched healthy controls (HCs) from an aggregated dataset from 20 centers in China. We focused on interhemispheric function integration in MDDs and its correlation with clinical characteristics using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) devised to inquire about FH patterns.
Results:
As compared with HCs, MDDs showed decreased VMHC in visual, motor, somatosensory, limbic, angular gyrus, and cerebellum, particularly in posterior cingulate gyrus/precuneus (PCC/PCu) (false discovery rate [FDR] q < .002, z =-7.07). Further analysis observed that the reduction in SMG and insula was more prominent with age, of which SMG reflected such age-related change in males instead of females. Besides, the reduction of MTG was found to be a male-special abnormal pattern in MDDs. VMHC alterations were markedly related to episode type and illness severity. The higher Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score, the more apparent VMHC reduction in the primary visual cortex. First-episode MDDs revealed stronger VMHC reduction in PCu relative to recurrent MDDs.
Conclusions:
We confirmed a significant VMHC reduction in MDDs in broad areas, especially in PCC/PCu. This reduction was affected by gender, age, episode type, and illness severity. These findings suggest that the depressive brain tends to disconnect information exchange across hemispheres.
... ReHo reflects the local neural activity coherence, which measures the homogeneity of the time course in a voxel and its nearest neighbors. Numerous studies have explored spontaneous brain activity in MDD using the ReHo method and provided some evidence of brain abnormalities, of which the abnormal ReHo in frontal cortex was most commonly been reported (42)(43)(44)(45)(46). Nevertheless, systematically collected neuroimaging data of medication-free EOD and LOD are still limited (39,(47)(48)(49). The regional neural activity difference between EOD and LOD remains unclear. ...
Background: Neurobiological mechanisms underlying the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) may differ depending on onset ages. Our aim was to determine whether regional homogeneity (ReHo) changes in early-onset depression (EOD) and late-onset depression (LOD) are different, which could also delineate EOD and LOD.
Methods: Ninety-one MDD patients and 115 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected. The ReHo comparison was conducted using analysis of variance.
Results: Compared with HCs, MDD patients showed decreased ReHo in the left precentral gyrus and the left middle cingulum area, and increased ReHo in the left middle orbital frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. Compared with LOD patients, young HC separately, EOD patients had significantly increased ReHo in the right inferior frontal triangular gyrus and the left postcentral gyrus. However, compared with young HC, EOD patients showed decreased ReHo in the right superior frontal gyrus/supplementary motor area and the right medial frontal gyrus. ReHo in the right inferior frontal triangular gyrus was negatively correlated with the severity of cognitive disturbance in LOD patients (r = −0.47, p = 0.002), but not in EOD patients (r = 0.21, p = 0.178).
Conclusion: MDD patients with different onset ages may have different pathophysiological mechanisms; the EOD patients had more abnormal ReHo than LOD patients in the prefrontal lobe, especially the right inferior frontal triangular gyrus.
... Functional MRI has been widely used to investigate brain dysfunction in patients with psychiatric disorders (22)(23)(24)(25). To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to indicate enhanced thalamic-whole brain FC in Chinese patients with PDN using thalamic seed-based analysis. ...
Functional changes in the brain of patients with painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) have remained largely elusive. The aim of the present study was to explore changes in thalamo-cortical functional connectivity (FC) of patients with PDN using resting-state functional MRI. A total of 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with non-painful diabetic neuropathy (Group NDN), 19 patients with T2DM with PDN (Group-PDN) and 13 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls were recruited. The differences in thalamo-cortical FC among the three groups were compared. Patients in Group PDN had increased FC in the left thalamus, the right angular gyrus and the occipital gyrus as compared to those in Group NDN. Furthermore, patients in Group PDN had increased FC in the right thalamus and angular gyrus as compared to those in Group NDN. In conclusion, the present results suggested that the thalamo-cortical FC is increased in patients with T2DM and PDN. Furthermore, the increased FC in the thalamic-parietal-occipital connectivity may be a central pathophysiological mechanism for PDN. The study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 3 October 2018 (identifier no. NCT03700502).
... the intrinsic brain activity in a single voxel level and the later reflects the synchronization activity between a given voxel and its neighborhood voxels. These two analysis methods have been widely applied in various diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and depression [8][9][10] , to detect abnormal functional differences of brain regions or changes before and after treatment. To date, only one study applied ALFF and ReHo to evaluate enuresis related spontaneous brain activity changes 11 . ...
Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is a heterogeneous disorder, which remains a difficult condition to manage due to lack of knowledge on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Here we investigated the underlying neuropathological mechanisms of PMNE with functional MRI (fMRI), combining the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and seed-based functional connectivity (seed-based FC) analyses. Compared to the control group, PMNE group showed decreased ALFF value in the left medial orbital superior frontal gyrus (Frontal_Med_Orb_L), and increased ReHo value in the left superior occipital gyrus (Occipital_Sup_L). With left thalamus as the seed, PMNE group showed significantly decreased functional connectivity to the left medial superior frontal gyrus (Frontal_Sup_Medial_L). We conclude that these abnormal brain activities are probably important neuropathological mechanisms of PMNE in children. Furthermore, this study facilitated the understanding of underlying pathogenesis of PMNE and may provide an objective basis for the effective treatment.
