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-Brachysclereides petrous cells from araçá pulp. Bars: A = 200 µm, B = 50 µm.
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The aim of this work was to study the acidic polysa ccharides of Psidium cattleianum . Pectic fractions were obtained by successive extractions with water, EDTA and sodi um carbonate (4 and 25ºC). Monosaccharide compositi on, total carbohydrates, uronic acids and protein conte nts were determined for each fraction. The yield of water and EDTA-solub...
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... extractions of AIR afforded fractions with yields between 0.6 to 3.8 %. These values were lower than those ones obtained for other fruits using similar methods ( Redgwell et al., 1992;Beleski-Carneiro et al., 2000). This could be due the presence of brachysclereides petrous cells in the fruits mesocarp, as observed by photonic microscopy (Fig. 1). The molecular weight of Na 2 CO 3 extractable pectins were higher than those extracted with EDTA ( McCann and Roberts, 1991). It is known that pectins are very susceptible to chemical treatments. In basic or neutral media, polygalacturonate chains can suffer scission via β- elimination ( Kravtchenko et al., 1992). It has been well ...
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... The average concentration of proteins in the mature red araçá fruit is reportedly around 4.0 g/100 g (dry matter), while the concentration of dietary fibres, non-soluble carbohydrates, and lignins are 12.0, 3.5, and 0.3 g/100 g, respectively. This indicates the presence of a large amount of fouling agents in red araçá raw juice, thus leading to a decrease in the permeate flux due to their retention by the membrane (Galho et al., 2007;Vriesmman et al., 2007;Pereira et al. 2018). Table 3 reports the absolute and relative contributions of the resistances during the clarification of the red araçá extract by microfiltration with the polymeric membrane (PEI) in batch mode operation (CF = 2.2). ...
Red araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) juice was processed using porous membranes to obtain a clarified product with a high amount of phenolic compounds prior to its use as a juice or other beverage. The variations in the permeate flux and concentrations of phenolics were determined in a cross-flow system using a polyetherimide microfiltration membrane (0.44 µm) and polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane (50 kDa). Both membranes reduced the initial turbidity (445 ± 2) to almost zero, and resulted in a clear and transparent permeate with a yellow colour. The microfiltration membrane showed better performance with the lowest phenolic compound retention (23.6%) and the highest permeate flux (40.6 ± 2 kg/m2h) in batch mode operation. The permeate flux of the microfiltration system showed an initial sharp decrease followed by a gradual decrease, reaching almost 60% lower than the initial permeate flux. The permeate flux resistance was mainly due to the polarised layer (70.2%), and the predominant fouling mechanism was the partial pore blockage, thus indicating that the solids present in the raw juice had size of the same order as the membrane pores.
... According to the literature, similar monosaccharide composition was observed in water extraction pectins from other fruits belonging to the Myrtaceae family such as araçá (Psidium catteleianum), which presented Ara (50.3%), GalA (30%), and Gal (10.4%) [57], and in a mixture of two species of guavira (Campomanesia pubescens and C. adamantium) composed of Ara (46.7%), GalA (44.6%), and Gal (5.5%) [58]. ...
Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), known as a "green" extraction technique, was used to obtain polysaccharide from the pulp of gabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg) fruits. The effects of pressure, temperature, and flow rate on pectin yields were analyzed through a full factorial design experiment 23. The optimal extraction conditions to achieve maximum pectin yield (5.70 wt%) were pressure of 150 bar, temperature of 120 °C, and flow rate of 1.5 mL min-1. The high pressure (100 bar) promoted an increase in galacturonic acid content (36.0%) compared to conventional hot water extraction (CEGP) with 25.7%. Differences in the proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan (RG-I) domains ranging from 16.3 to 35.4% and 61.7 to 80.1%, respectively, were observed for each pectin sample according to the extraction conditions. The mono-dimensional (13C-NMR) and bi-dimensional (1H/13C HSQC-NMR) analyses confirmed the presence of HG and RG-I regions and indicated the presence of arabinogalactans type I (AG-I) and arabinogalactans type II (AG-II) in the PHWE pectin samples, which was not found for pectins from gabiroba pulp obtained by CEGP. The results showed that PHWE proved to be a promising method for extracting pectins from gabiroba fruits.
... a Uronic acids, determined using the m-hydroxybiphenyl method (Blumenkrantz & Asboe-Hansen, 1973), and identified by HPAEC-PAD. b % of peak area of neutral monosaccharide composition relative to the total Vriesmann , Petkowicz, Carneiro, Costa, and Beleski-Carneiro, (2009) for a pectic fraction extracted with water at 25°C from the pulp of Psidium catteleianum (araçá), which presented Ara (50.3%), Uronic acid (30%), and Gal (10.4%). ...
The pulp of gabiroba fruits was submitted to a hot water extraction, giving rise to a crude pectin named GW. GW was shown to be composed mainly of arabinose (54.5%), galacturonic acid (33.5%), galactose (7.6%), and rhamnose (1.6%). GW was characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods indicating the presence of homogalacturonans (HG) with a degree of methyl-esterification (DM) of 60% and rhamnogalacturonans I (RG-I). HG domain represents 31.9% and RG-I domain 65.3%. Furthermore, GW was submitted to sequential fractionation methods, giving rise to GWP-TEP fraction, structurally characterized by the predominance of HG regions, and confirmed by NMR analysis. The rheological behavior of GW was analyzed at 1%, 3%, and 5% (w/v) concentration with 0.1 mol L⁻¹ NaCl. All samples showed shear thinning behavior. In the oscillatory measurements, the 1% GW showed a liquid-like behavior, while the 3% presented a concentrated solution behavior and the 5% GW a gel behavior.
... Previous studies also showed that 50 mM Na 2 CO 3 mainly solubilized ramified hairy region of pectic polysaccharides from squash cell walls [24] and Psidium cattleianum [14]. Table 3. 13 C NMR spectral assignments of NGP-1a, NGP-2a and NGP-2b. ...
... These pectins might be covalently cross-linked to the cell wall and could not be extracted by mild conditions such as hot water or chelator. Na 2 CO 3 is able to break interpolymeric ester linkages of pectin to other cell wall components [14]. Therefore, we could use Na 2 CO 3 to obtain these pectins from ginseng which were not extracted before. ...
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng) has been widely used as a herb and functional food in the world. Polysaccharides are the main active components of ginseng. In this paper, the polysaccharides were sequentially extracted by 50 mM Na2 CO3, 1 M KOH and 4 M KOH from ginseng roots treated sequentially with hot water, α-amylase and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid extraction. Na2 CO3 -soluble ginseng polysaccharide (NGP) was fractionated into one neutral and three acidic fractions by anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. Fourier transform infrared, NMR and methylation analysis indicated acidic fractions in NGP were highly branched rhamnogalacturonan-I domains, with → 4)-α-GalpA-(1 → 2)-α-Rhap-(1 → disaccharide repeating units as backbone and β-1,4-galactan, α-1,5/1,3,5-arabinan and type II arabinogalactan as side chains. 1-KGP (1 M KOH-soluble ginseng polysaccharide) and 4-KGP (4 M KOH-soluble ginseng polysaccharide) were mainly composed of hemicellulose besides starch-like polysaccharides and minor pectin. Antibody detection, enzymic hydrolysis, high performance anion exchange chromatography and methylation analysis demonstrated xylan was the major component in 1-KGP, while xyloglucan was predominant in 4-KGP. Comparing the polysaccharides obtained by different solvent extractions, we have a comprehensive understanding about total ginseng polysaccharides.
... Araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) fruit, belonging to the Myrtaceae family, produces small sized yellowish or reddish fruits with attractive taste and aroma [9] . Although there are a few studies on the Araçá physicochemical composition, and its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and on the development of products from its fruit [18][19][20] , the characterization of its phytochemicals in suc-2 cessive harvest seasons has never been investigated. This is a hotly debated issue that must be resolved since variations in the fruit composition due to the harvest season are well known [11,21,22] . ...
... num fruits. This fruit presented high levels of phenolic compounds, up to 768 mg/100 g fresh fruit pulp, particularly epicatechin . Carotenes, ascorbic acid and anthocyanins were present as minor constituents. Several types of isoflavonoid-like immunoreactivity were detected in water-ethanolic extracts of P. cattleianum leaves (Lapčík et al. 2005). Vriesmann et al. (2009) studied the monosaccharide composition of its mesocarp fraction. Uronic acid, galactose, arabinose, glucose, manose, methyl fucose and xylose were found to be the major monosaccharides. The leaf oils composed of different ratios of b-caryophyllene, a-pinene, myrcene a-thujene, 1, 8-cineole, epi-a-muurolol, a-cadinol, epi-a-cadinol and c ...
... In this regard, P. cattleianum pulp holds promise as a rich source of pectin. These fruits could contribute as a source of raw materials for the industries in Brazil and Hawaii, as they are obtained in abundance there (Vriesmann et al. 2009). ...
Psidium cattleianum Sabine or strawberry guava is an exotic tropical plant belonging to Myrtaceae family. Generally, this ornamental shrub is prized for its aesthetic value. However, this low-profile plant is an untapped source of therapeutically relevant phytochemicals, evident from the structural investigations. The delicious tart ripe fruits can be eaten fresh, made into a plethora of food products and pectin can be extracted from the pulp. Ameliorative attributes of this shrub viz. antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative have been reported in recent times. On the other hand, this shrub has emerged as a habitat-altering pest in Hawaii, threatening the rare endemic flora. Releasing biocontrol agents into the wilderness to hinder the unchecked proliferation of this hardy shrub is being speculated and conducted, without any obvious success till now. In this mini review the industrial and pharmaceutical prospect of this little known plant will be discussed. It is believed that, this review will serve as a useful reference and encourage future research on hitherto unknown potential of this exotic plant.
... The araçá is a well-known fruit, which belongs to the Myrtaceae family, Psidium cattleianum Sabine species, and is frequently found in the southern region of the Brazil as a native tree. This fruit is not used industrially, but it is commonly used in juice or jam preparations [1,2]. This fruit is between 1.5 and 2.5 cm in diameter, possesses succulent pulp and a pleasant flavor as well as having a great amount of seed. ...
The araçá is a well-known fruit, which belongs to the Myrtaceae family, Psidium cattleianum Sabine species, frequently found in the southern region of Brazil. The extraction of araça oil was carried out from seeds,
and the fatty acid profile of this oil indicates the predominant presence of linoleic acid (81.38%). Thermogravimetry, derivative
thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize this oil. In addition, this oil was
evaluated by DSC from 25 to −60 °C, where the crystallization behavior was verified. Details concerning thermal decomposition
as well as data of kinetic parameters of these stages have been described here. The kinetic behavior of the thermal decomposition
was evaluated from several heating rates with mass samples of 5 and 20 mg in open crucibles under nitrogen and synthetic air
atmospheres.
Pectins from Araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) fruit pulp were extracted, purified and isolated, obtaining the Araçá Purified Pectin (APP) under its sodium form. Yield was found 3.5% w/w of the initial dried material. From titration, monosaccharide analysis after total hydrolysis and ¹H and HSQC NMR analyses, it was established that the pectins are formed of long galacturonic acid blocks (HG) partially methylated (degree of methyl-esterification – DM = 55.9 mol%) and acetylated (2 mol%) and RG-I blocks with side chains containing mainly arabinose and galactose. No gelation was observed in presence of calcium for the unmodified APP. Then, pectins were treated in alkaline conditions to de-esterify progressively the initial sample down to DM = 0 after 60 minutes of treatment. Each sample obtained was characterized by SEC and NMR demonstrating the stability of the main chains, where Rha, GalA and Mw remained unchanged independently of the length of alkaline treatment. One of this sample (APP-15) was selected to test the gelling ability and rheological behavior. The gel was formed by dialysis against 1 mol L⁻¹ CaCl2 and its rheological study allows to conclude that a homogeneous physical gel is formed stabilized by cooperative GalA⁻-Ca⁺² junctions.
Episyzygium oahuense Suess. & A. Ludw., Eugenia ferruginea Sieber ex C.Presl, Eugenia oxygona Koidz., Eugenia pseudovenosa H.Perrier, Eugenia urceolata Cordem., Guajava cattleiana (Afzel. ex Sabine) Kuntze, Guajava obovata (Mart. ex DC.) Kuntze, Psidium cattleianum f. lucidum O.Deg., Psidium cattleianum var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg, Psidium cattleianum var. littorale (Raddi) Mattos, nom. illeg., Psidium cattleianum var. purpureum Mattos, Psidium cattleianum var. pyriformis Mattos, Psidium coriaceum var. grandifolium O.Berg, Psidium coriaceum var. longipes O.Berg, Psidium coriaceum var. obovatum O.Berg, Psidium ferrugineum C.Presl, Psidium indicum Bojer nom. inval., Psidium littorale Raddi, Psidium littorale var. longipes (O.Berg) Fosberg, Psidium obovatum Mart. ex DC., Psidium variabile O.Berg.
Psidium cattleianum Sabine or strawberry guava is an exotic, tropical plant belonging to Myrtaceae family. This shrub bears prolific fruits, yet it is more recognized as an ornamental than an edible plant. Its emergence as an invasive species in Hawaii and defiance towards biological control agents has further lowered its desirability. However, recent findings have shed light on its food potential. It has been identified as a reserve of savory fruit and pectin. Copious phytochemicals have validated its antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. This chapter presents an overview of its current status and prospect in functional food formulation.
