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In this study, the effects of graphene and design differences on bow-tie microstrip antenna performance and bandwidth improvement were investigated both with simulation and experiments. In addition, the conductivity of graphene can be dynamically tuned by changing its chemical potential. The numerical calculations of the proposed antennas at 2-10 G...
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... this study, three different antennas, one without a slot, Figure 2, the other two with different patch sizes, Figure 3, are designed and produced. The dimensions of the antennas are given in Table 3. ...Context 2
... Table 3. Figure 2, the other two with different patch sizes, Figure 3, are designed and produced. ...Similar publications
A compact ultra-wideband patch antenna is presented in this paper. In this article, we will discuss the antenna design and performance. FR-4 substrate with dimensions of 10x20x1.5 mm 3 and permittivity of 4.3 is used to mount the antenna. We have designed a new antenna that utilizes a slotted patch resonator, a tri-sectional SIR feeder, and a groun...
In this paper, a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed patch antenna is fabricated on a layer of metasurface to increase gain. e antenna is fabrication on Roger substrate with a thickness of 0.25 mm, with the overall dimension of the proposed design being 45 × 30 × 0.25 mm 3. e size of the patch antenna is 24 × 14 × 0.25 mm 3 , and the AMC unit cell is 22 ×...
Citations
... It has waterproof properties, which makes it reliable for use with liquids as well as solid materials. 25 Graphene has excellent optical and electronic properties, which make it attractive for use as a sensory system that works on electromagnetic waves. Copper has high electrical conductivity but it has a charge carrier mobility of only ∼4.5 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . ...
BACKGROUND
Food adulteration has long been considered a major problem. It compromises the quality, safety, and nutritional value of food, posing significant risks to public health. Novel techniques are required to control it.
RESULTS
A graphene‐based T‐shaped monopole antenna sensor was tested for its ability to detect adulteration in liquid foods. Mustard oil was the pure reference sample used for product quality analysis. Olive oil and rice bran oil were adulterants added to the pure sample. It was found that the sensor could be immersed easily in the liquid sample and provided precise results.
CONCLUSION
The graphene‐based T‐shaped monopole antenna sensor can be used for the quality assessment of liquid food products and is suitable for real‐time monitoring. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
... Antennas used in wireless communication, which occurs in various frequency bands according to IEEE standards, should be able to operate in more than one standard, have wide bandwidth and a simple structure, compact size, and easy integration into RF circuits. Therefore, such an antenna can be used simultaneously in different frequency bands for different mobile services, such as loop antennas [2], planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) [3], bow-tie antennas [4], and monopole patch antennas. Monopole patch antennas have become the most preferred antenna type in recent years due to their many advantages, such as lightness, durability, suitability for fabrication in large quantities, and low cost. ...
In recent years, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) applications in antenna structures have gained significant traction due to their potential to reduce design and calculation times, offering optimization and prediction capabilities. This study introduces a novel monopole patch antenna design featuring a consecutive square-shaped broadband microstrip-line-fed antenna. The proposed antenna exhibits an impressive impedance bandwidth of 68% (1.55-2.82 GHz), a remarkable return loss of-47.25 dB, and a directivity gain of 2.77 dBi. Simulation studies were conducted using CST™ Studio Suite electromagnetic simulation software. The ANN model developed based on feed-forward backpropagation demonstrates exceptional agreement with the simulation results, showcasing an accuracy of 99.61805% and performing 2769.231 times faster. With advancing technology, ANNs present an effective solution for addressing complex antenna design challenges arising from escalating data rate requirements and uninterrupted data transmission. These results open promising avenues for further advancements in antenna design aided by ANN applications.
... Due to this, graphene has been used in a variety of applications, such as modulators [10]- [12], detectors [13]- [16], antennas [17]- [19], transistors [20]- [22] and diodes [23]- [26] as part of components to form microwave circuits, such as amplifiers, power detectors and rectifiers, frequency multipliers, oscillators, and mixers [27]. Besides, the existence of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) in graphene at THz frequencies led to the investigation of using this material as the radiative element for high-frequency antennas, these being patch antennas [3], [28]- [36], dipole antennas [37]- [45], and others [46]- [52]. Among many antenna configurations, the rectangular patch is the simplest to design and fabricate. ...
p>Graphene antennas operating at mm-wave and THz frequencies enable miniaturization by being smaller than its metallic counterparts, while additionally providing frequency tunability capabilities. These characteristics are interesting for 6G short-range communication applications, where the antenna size is still one of the largest and, consequently, costly components inside a chip. In this work, a tunable planar antenna for operation at terahertz frequencies based on a graphene stack is proposed and analyzed. The proposed antenna consists of a stack of two graphene patches separated by a thin dielectric to provide higher efficiency and gain. This concept can broadly be applied to future THz communication systems because it can directly be integrated into transceiver units by being compatible with CMOS processes and manufacturing techniques. We use a full-wave electromagnetic solver to evaluate and compare the performance of this antenna to a simple graphene patch antenna in the range of 220 - 325 GHz. The results show that an increase in efficiency and gain can be accomplished. We also demonstrate the frequency tuning possibility of the antenna, which can be achieved by the electric field effect in the graphene stack by applying a bias voltage between the two graphene sheets.</p
... Due to this, graphene has been used in a variety of applications, such as modulators [10]- [12], detectors [13]- [16], antennas [17]- [19], transistors [20]- [22] and diodes [23]- [26] as part of components to form microwave circuits, such as amplifiers, power detectors and rectifiers, frequency multipliers, oscillators, and mixers [27]. Besides, the existence of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) in graphene at THz frequencies led to the investigation of using this material as the radiative element for high-frequency antennas, these being patch antennas [3], [28]- [36], dipole antennas [37]- [45], and others [46]- [52]. Among many antenna configurations, the rectangular patch is the simplest to design and fabricate. ...
p>Graphene antennas operating at mm-wave and THz frequencies enable miniaturization by being smaller than its metallic counterparts, while additionally providing frequency tunability capabilities. These characteristics are interesting for 6G short-range communication applications, where the antenna size is still one of the largest and, consequently, costly components inside a chip. In this work, a tunable planar antenna for operation at terahertz frequencies based on a graphene stack is proposed and analyzed. The proposed antenna consists of a stack of two graphene patches separated by a thin dielectric to provide higher efficiency and gain. This concept can broadly be applied to future THz communication systems because it can directly be integrated into transceiver units by being compatible with CMOS processes and manufacturing techniques. We use a full-wave electromagnetic solver to evaluate and compare the performance of this antenna to a simple graphene patch antenna in the range of 220 - 325 GHz. The results show that an increase in efficiency and gain can be accomplished. We also demonstrate the frequency tuning possibility of the antenna, which can be achieved by the electric field effect in the graphene stack by applying a bias voltage between the two graphene sheets.</p
... Also, graphene supports the surface plasmon (SP) wave at the beginning of the THz band [21]. The graphene is employed to create a high performance antennas, to be as the radiating elements in the antennas [22], [23], or artificial magnetic conductors (AMC) [24] - [26]. In this article ultra wide band (UWB) antenna based on graphene, the array is proposed at THz regime. ...
Graphene, which consists of one atomic slide made from the Carbon, and it utilized in various of the implementations like the chemical, the thermal, the mechanical, and the electrical. In this research article, a high gain plasmonic antenna array is proposed for the utilizations of the terahertz (THz) regime on the basis of the graphene material. Also, the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves phenomena which emerged at THz in graphene are demonstrated the suggested antenna is composed of (4*6) graphene patches and a graphene Nano ribbon feeder to excite the patches deposed on the lumina layer. The simulated antenna was designed and investigated via the utilizing of the CST software. The obtained outcomes show that the antenna operation frequency bands covered a large band at the 2.6-10, 2.28-2.5, 1.87-2.14, and 1.4-1.6 THz with an S11 ≤ -10 dB and an expedient antenna gain in the operating frequency ranges.
... Thus, the graphene has an abnormal as well as dispersive characteristics that can be represented by utilising the Kubo's formula to model and calculate the graphene conductivity. Generally, the graphene material comprises of two principal parts, which are termed as the inter-band and the intra-band; the first band has an effective effect on the total conductivity for the frequencies below 5 THz while the effect of the second band appears in the frequencies above the previously mentioned band, the graphene conductivity can be modelled in the CST software by using the following Equations [24], [25]: ...
Kablosuz iletişim teknolojisindeki gelişmeler, elektromanyetik spektrumun Terahertz (THz) frekans bandı umut verici hale geliyor ve son zamanlarda araştırmacıların dikkatini tıbbi, kişisel ağlar için iç mekan iletişimi ve askeri uygulamalar gibi çeşitli uygulamalarda kullanmaya başladı. Bu frekans bandındaki ana konular, kompakt, yüksek performanslı bir anten tasarımının oluşturulması; bu frekans bandında olduğu gibi, frekans arttıkça iletim için malzeme özellikleri azalmakta ve dolayısıyla antenin performansı düşmektedir. Bu yazıda, grafen tabanlı bir papyon mikroşerit anten öneriyoruz, grafen malzemesinin THz frekans bandındaki performansı, Bilgisayar Simülasyon Teknolojisi (BST) yazılımının sonlu entegrasyonuna dayalı olarak analiz ediliyor. Alt kısmında tamamen bakır bir zemin düzlemi bulunan bir silikon dioksit substratı üzerine basılmış grafen bazlı papyon yaması. Önerilen grafen plazmonik papyon anten, 2-19 dBi aralığında iyi kazanç ile 0.1-10 THz bant frekansını kapsar.
... Therefore, this technology has aroused great interest in the academic world and in a wide variety of technological industries, such as aerospace, medicine or electronics [4][5][6][7][8], opening new lines of scientific research and creating innovative prototypes with a very low manufacturing cost. Recently, 3D printing is also exploring the possibility of manufacturing high-frequency devices, thanks to the appearance of new materials and the countless alternatives that can be achieved in the design of any circuit, focusing on 3D structures, such as antennas, waveguide devices and microwave sensors [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. ...
In this work, the use of additive manufacturing techniques through stereolithography for the manufacture of high-frequency circuits and devices is presented. Both the resin and the 3D printer used in this research are general-purpose commercial materials, not specifically intended for the implementation of microwave networks. The manufacturing and metallization procedures used to produce substrates for the design of planar microwave circuits are described, introducing the characterization process carried out to determine the electrical properties of the resin used. The ultrasonic techniques that allow the structural analysis of the manufactured substrates are also described. The electrical characterization provides a relative dielectric permittivity of 3.25 and a loss tangent of 0.03 for the resin used. In addition, the structural analysis shows a homogeneity and a finish of the manufactured parts that is not achievable using fused deposition modeling techniques. Finally, as a proof of concept, the design and manufacture of a complex geometry stepped impedance filter on a multi-height substrate using stereolithography techniques is presented, which allows for reducing the size of the traditional implementation of the same filter while maintaining its high-frequency response performance.
One of the strongest and thinnest substances known to exist is graphene. It can be efficiently used for antenna fabrication and significant benefits can be analyzed such as size miniaturization, gain and return loss enhancement, flexibility and increase in bandwidth, etc. In this paper, a graphene patch antenna has been designed and fabricated for 5G applications at 28.3 GHz. Different 5G frequency allocation throughout the world is shown in tabular form. Photonic crystal substrate is used to reduce surface wave loss which in turn, increases the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The ground plane is made up of copper, treated as a Perfect Electric Conductor Several unique properties of graphene are analyzed and shown. Then, a thin graphene sheet is used as a patch and an antenna is designed and fabricated. The patch has dimensions of 3.4 mm by 2.38 mm. The simulated return loss is maximum at −33.69 dB at 28.3 GHz, whereas for the measured design it is −26.31 dB at 28.04 GHz. It is observed that graphene can be a good alternative to existing conductors, especially at higher frequencies. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS software.
