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Boundary arrangements at the research-stakeholder interface (Descriptions are inspired by Burton 2006; Michaels 2009; Edelenbos et al. 2011. An adapted version of this table has been published in Schut et al. 2013b.)
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This paper seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the complex dynamics that shape the contribution of research to
policy and innovation processes that address ‘competing claims’ on natural resources and their management. Research in the
context of competing claims requires strategies that: (1) can cope with high uncertainty and unpredicta...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... research-private sector, research-civil society) and how such boundary ar- rangements evolve and change over time. Table 2 provides examples of boundary arrangements that can emerge between research and stakeholders. Boundary arrangements at the research-stakeholder interface do not equal researchers' roles, as researchers may fulfil different roles and undertake different activities within each of the specific boundary arrangements (see Section 2.5). ...Similar publications
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Citations
... Agricultural innovation in the broadest sense is defined as a process by which individuals or organisations use new or existing products, processes or forms of organisation for the first time in a specific context to increase effectiveness, competitiveness, and resilience to shocks or environmental stresses (FAO, 2018). A similar definition has been used by several researchers (Hall et al., 2003;Klerkx et al., 2010;Schut et al., 2013;Guimarães et al., 2019;Oliveira et al., 2019). Agricultural innovation focuses not only on technology but also, and perhaps most importantly, on social, economic, institutional/organizational and political processes. ...
This paper presents a novel approach that integrates participatory methods and a rapid appraisal process to identify constraints and select potentially innovative solutions aimed at improving water and energy use efficiency at different levels in collective irrigation systems. First, a set of quantitative performance indicators is calculated, allowing the identification of the main problems. The study then adopts a bottom-up approach and emphasizes the need for active involvement of stakeholders from different backgrounds to identify potential opportunities to improve the sustainability of the collective irrigation system. From this collaborative and integrative approach, an innovation basket is developed, that includes a variety of techniques, technologies and management practices tailored to the specific challenges of the Lucefecit Collective Irrigation System. The results show that high-energy consumption is the main problem, with high values for energy consumption per hectare (2919.9 kWh) and per m 3 of water delivered at the hydrants (0.43 kWh). Another problem is the lack of support for farmers in irrigation scheduling, which leads to large variations in irrigation water productivity across farms. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of the participatory approach and the feasibility of implementing innovative solutions in collective irrigation systems.
... Table 2 provides the details of the ethical dilemmas (described as encounters) that we discuss in the following. Taking up a transformative stance goes hand in hand with individual researchers holding different roles at the same time (Hoffmann et al., 2022;Horlings et al., 2020;Jhagroe, 2018;Schut et al., 2014). Often resulting from this, they also perceive a wide range of responsibilities towards diverse groups (stakeholders, peers, the academic community, etc.). ...
Transformative research is a broad and loosely connected family of research disciplines and approaches, with the explicit normative ambition to fundamentally question the status quo, change the dominant structures, and support just sustainability transitions by working collaboratively with society. When engaging in such science-practice collaborations for transformative change in society, researchers experience ethical dilemmas. Amongst others, they must decide, what is worthwhile to be researched, whose reality is privileged, and whose knowledge is included. Yet, current institutionalised ethical standards, which largely follow the tradition of medical ethics, are insufficient to guide transformative researchers in navigating such dilemmas. In addressing this vacuum, the research community has started to develop peer guidance on what constitutes morally good behaviour. These formal and informal guidelines offer a repertoire to explain and justify positions and decisions. However, they are only helpful when they have become a part of researchers’ practical knowledge ‘in situ’. By focusing on situated research practices, the article addresses the need to develop an attitude of leaning into the uncertainty around what morally good behaviour constitutes. It also highlights the significance of combining this attitude with a critical reflexive practice both individually and collaboratively for answering questions around ‘how to’ as well as ‘what is the right thing to do’. Using a collaborative autoethnographic approach, the authors of this paper share their own ethical dilemmas in doing transformative research, discuss those, and relate them to a practical heuristic encompassing axiological, ontological, and epistemological considerations. The aim is to support building practical wisdom for the broader research community about how to navigate ethical questions arising in transformative research practice.
... As part of these initiatives, it noted that the intervention of an external facilitator could catalyze collective action to provide information and technical assistance to achieve the autonomy of the organizations. These arguments have served as the basis for the implementation of the different approaches that promote collective action and serve as an incentive for the establishment of systems of agricultural innovation (Rachel 1997;Riley and Fielding 2001;Schut et al. 2014). ...
Mexico was the main vanilla producer worldwide many years ago. However, it currently provides just around 5 % of the global production. The issues that have led to the current stagnation of the vanilla production in Mexico have been addressed from various perspectives, but few studies have included the opinion of smallholder farmers. For this reason, the aim of this study was to conduct a participatory diagnostic to identify the challenges and constraints that affect the vanilla productive sector in Mexico from the smallholder farmers perspective. This study was conducted under the of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach; consequently, we used PRA techniques for data collection. The qualitative data obtained were transcribed and analyzed using the Content Analysis Method (CAM) and Constant Comparative Method (CCM). The results showed that most of the challenges and limitations referred to by smallholder farmers result from the lack of training to improve production, processing, and marketing. Likewise, various restrictive aspects were identified in the production process that affect crop productivity, such as cultivation in small parcels, high incidence of diseases, premature abortion of
... As part of these initiatives, it noted that the intervention of an external facilitator could catalyze collective action to provide information and technical assistance to achieve the autonomy of the organizations. These arguments have served as the basis for the implementation of the different approaches that promote collective action and serve as an incentive for the establishment of systems of agricultural innovation (Rachel 1997;Riley and Fielding 2001;Schut et al. 2014). ...
Mexico was the main vanilla producer worldwide many years ago. However, it currently provides just around 5 % of the global production. The issues that have led to the current stagnation of the vanilla production in Mexico have been addressed from various perspectives, but few studies have included the opinion of smallholder farmers. For this reason, the aim of this study was to conduct a participatory diagnostic to identify the challenges and constraints that affect the vanilla productive sector in Mexico from the smallholder farmers perspective. This study was conducted under the of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach; consequently, we used PRA techniques for data collection. The qualitative data obtained were transcribed and analyzed using the Content Analysis Method (CAM) and Constant Comparative Method (CCM). The results showed that most of the challenges and limitations referred to by smallholder farmers result from the lack of training to improve production, processing, and marketing. Likewise, various restrictive aspects were identified in the production process that affect crop productivity, such as cultivation in small parcels, high incidence of diseases, premature abortion of fruits, and low tolerance of plants to stress. An aspect common to all processes is the need to promote organization and training schemes, since under the conditions described for the vanilla production chain in Mexico, relationships have been built in highly competitive communities and, in general, the targets seek have been mutually exclusive. For the above, we consider that achieving more profitable and sustainable production schemes require placing smallholder farmers at the base of an inclusive production system supported by fair trade, with organization, institutions, technology transfer, level of trust, and cooperation as core elements.
... Several studies have examined the nature of innovation in agriculture and have stated that it is a systemic process that is context-dependent, multilevel, and ever-changing (e.g. Geels, 2011;Klerkx et al., 2012;Schut et al., 2014). Moreover, innovation in agriculture can involve different types of changes, such as technological improvements, socioeconomic adjustments, changes in institutions, and updates to organisational structures (Badstue et al., 2018a(Badstue et al., , 2018b. ...
Rising beef demand in Indonesia, driven by population growth and urbanisation, presents an opportunity for local cattle producers to increase their domestic market presence. To create sustainable and inclusive agrifood systems, investments in innovation and capacity-building are essential. Using a case study, this research examined the influence of gender dynamics on the adoption of cattle farming innovations in Indonesia. Despite substantial research on gender and innovation in developing countries, limited attention has been paid to this issue in the Indonesian context. To address this gap, we conducted focus group discussions and key informant interviews with female farmers and extension officers to identify the challenges that rural Indonesian women face in accessing cattle farming innovations. Our findings reveal that women's inclusion in innovation is constrained by multiple issues, such as the invisibility of their contributions, their limited influence in decision-making processes, and complex sociocultural and institutional factors that perpetuate the concept of gender harmony, which contributes to the subjugation of women. To promote gender equality and enhance rural well-being in Indonesia, we recommend for a comprehensive transformation of policy and institutional approaches to women's empowerment and the implementation of gender-transformative policies in the agricultural sector.
... In response, they coordinate and collaborate with others to mobilize new and existing knowledge, resources, and capabilities. This includes experimenting with social, technical, and institutional options (Schut et al., 2014). Firms can activate mechanisms of inter-firm cooperation with various external entities, such as customers (a valuable source of knowledge), competitors (sharing know-how across sectors promotes innovation), and public or private research centres and universities (recognized as significant sources of specialist knowledge and technology transfer). ...
The paper explores the concept of Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) in the context of the tourism industry. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration and competition among companies within regional systems to foster innovation. It also discusses the role of social capital, relational assets, and social relationships in driving innovation within RIS. The Campania Region recognizes the importance of tourism for its development and supports the digital transition, modernization of public administration, communication infrastructure, and production system. In this vein, the paper proposes a theoretical framework that combines dynamic capabilities, relational view, and resource-based theory to explain the mechanisms and dynamics of RIS. The co-creation of innovation and strategic plans within a system of regional assets is highlighted as a key aspect of RIS. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for collaboration, innovation, and the integration of various stakeholders' interests in the development of sustainable and innovative regional systems.
... These ecosystems differ greatly from the surrounding matrix, having unique edaphic-climatic characteristics that select for specialized vegetation with high endemicity (Porembski and Barthlott 2000;Porembski 2007;de Paula et al. 2020). They promote the occurrence of high numbers of geographically restricted, specialized and threatened species (Porembski et al. 2016) and influence the water and nutrient supplies of surrounding landscapes (Schut et al. 2014). Despite their importance, these geological landforms rank among the most poorly surveyed ecosystems in the world (Larson et al. 2000) and are still neglected. ...
Aims : Land cover change in inselbergs and adjacent areas was studied from 2003 to 2018 in a region facing anthropogenic pressures to assess dynamics and preserve rare endemic species. Study area: Inselbergs and their adjacent areas in the Sudano-Guinean zone of Benin are included in this study. Methods: Land cover classes of inselbergs and adjacent areas were obtained through supervised classification of Sentinel-2 (2018) and Spot 5 (2003) satellite images. A Chi-square test was used to compare protected and unprotected LULC classes of inselbergs, with 10 m spatial resolution. Results: The results showed that forest and woodland decreased respectively from 8.55% to 3.05% and from 17.63% to 4.79% between 2003 and 2018 while tree and shrub savanna, and grassland increased respectively from 6.52% to 9.49% and from 7.60% to 16.69%. Field and fallow increased from 5.57% in 2003 to 26.12% in 2018 and tree plantation from 6.05% to 13.47%. The analysis of spatial comparisons using the chi-square test showed that the presence of inselbergs in a protected area has no significant effect on their land use. Conclusions: Natural vegetation in inselbergs and adjacent areas is being converted into human-made landscapes by farmers. An urgent conservation plan is needed, including awareness campaigns, tree planting, and sustainable forest management.
Taxonomic reference : Akoègninou et al. (2006).
Abbreviations : DEM = Digital Elevation Model; GCP = Ground Control Point; LULC = Land Use/Land Cover; ROI = Region of Interest; SRTM = Satellite imagery data, Shuttle radar topography mission.
... The implementation of the co-innovation approach implies a shift from conventional research development to a more interactive, action-oriented and interdisciplinary way of producing knowledge. In line with Ingram et al. (2020), Botha et al. (2014) and Schut et al. (2014) it refers to a new form of knowledge production, developed to address complex socio-scientific problems, involving changes in the usual methods followed by researchers in agricultural sciences. Empirical evidence indicated that continuity and chaining of co-innovation projects occurred over a period of sustained work. ...
Achieving sustainable food and nutritional security requires a transformation of the existing agrifood system. In livestock farming based on natural grassland in Uruguay, an ecological intensification strategy could play a radical role in the transition towards more sustainable systems. This study analyzes the continuity of interconnected projects that used co-innovation approaches to promote and evaluate ecological intensification strategies over a period of 15 years (2004–2019). The purpose of the article is to provide evidence on the development of a socio-technical niche in sustainable livestock farming and to identify anchoring points for further regime transformation. Our contention is that interactive research in the context of application based on a sequence of co-innovation projects has the potential to trigger a sustainability transition through ecological intensification of livestock farming based on natural grassland. The research followed a single-case study design with multiple units of analysis, based on the study of documents produced by the different projects and semi-structured interviews. In addition, network analysis was used to examine the linkage of persons and projects. Results show that a socio-technical niche in sustainable livestock farming base on natural grassland was developed in Uruguay, promoted by research institutions and progressively involving other social actors throughout the process. The continuity of projects over 15 years, was fundamental to achieve the three essential processes for a niche conformation: i) an alignment of expectations and the development of a common vision, linked to the sustainable development of family-farming; ii) the creation and expansion of a network of stakeholders, comprising researchers, farmers, extensionists, and other relevant actors; iii) the development of learning processes through interaction, accumulating knowledge around two main axes: a new way of promoting innovation through research in application contexts associated with co-innovation, and a new way of sustainable livestock farming associated with ecological intensification. This study reveals the importance of sequencing co-innovation projects and continuity in the negotiation of visions of change, the creation of a community committed with the direction of change, and the promotion of interdisciplinarity and interactive learning, that foster changes at a socio-technical level. Anchoring challenges, and therefore advancement of the transition process, face the need for significantly expanding trained research and extension personnel to implement co-innovation and ecological intensification practices in livestock systems, and the organization of an extension program to sustain long term transformation of livestock farming in Uruguay.
... In response to these developments and conflicts over knowledge, authors have generally called for co-production of knowledge, where actors develop knowledge together (Edelenbos et al. 2011;Schut et al. 2014). Equally, in response to conflicts over what knowledge should be used, authors have called for joint fact-finding and collaborative policy processes (Edelenbos 2004). ...
... Equally, in response to conflicts over what knowledge should be used, authors have called for joint fact-finding and collaborative policy processes (Edelenbos 2004). These inclusive and multi-actor processes seek to solve conflicts over knowledge by involving involving local actors, private industries and societal organisations alongside scientists and policy-makers in order to build consensus on how knowledge should be used (Schut et al. 2014). ...
This study is focused on unsustainable agri-food systems, especially intensive livestock farming and its resulting environmental harms. Specifically we focus on the development of technologies that seek to mitigate these environmental harms. These technologies are generally developed as incremental innovations in response to government regulation. Critics of these technological solutions allege that these developments legitimate unsustainable food production systems and are incapable of supporting agri-food systems transformation. At the same time, technology developers and other actors seek to present these technologies as the legitimate solution to agri-environmental harms. Our study seeks to explore the perceptions and constructions of legitimacy for technologies that are developed to reduce ammonia emissions in intensive livestock farming in Flanders (Belgium). We use a qualitative case study, employing semi-structured interviews and workshops, with technology developers of ammonia-emission reducing technologies and stakeholders in the intensive livestock farming industry in Flanders. What our study shows is that technologies developed to reduce emissions are dependent on regulative legitimacy. The normative and cognitive legitimacy of these technologies is lacking, both due to ties to the intensive livestock industry and due to uncertainty over the performance of these technologies. With the delegitimation of intensive livestock farming, the legitimacy of these technologies is also under threat. In response, technology developers are looking to (re-)construct this legitimacy through knowledge claims over the performance of their technologies. We show several ways for other actors to deal with this, centred on either re-legitimising technologies to maintain the status quo, or to contest these knowledge claims and use them to disrupt path dependencies.
... Therefore, integrated interventions such as providing insurance schemes (SS5) are required to enhance adaptive capacity and minimize climatic and anthropogenic risks. The consulted experts also asserted that institutions and the degree of their collaborations have a significant influence on developing WSA (Table 6), in agreement with the findings of Aggarwal et al. (2018), Mubaya and Mafongoya (2017) and Schut et al. (2014). Several institutions work for rural communities (e.g., the government, agriculture cooperatives, farmers' associations, and NGOs). ...
Urmia Lake, which is one of the largest hypersaline lakes in the world, has experienced an excessive reduction of water level because of climatic change and anthropogenic influences. To mitigate this tragedy, several agricultural water management schemes have been initiated. However, many restoration programs have proven ineffective. To counter the lake’s disappearance, effective climate-smart agriculture (CSA) interventions are imperative. Nevertheless, the potential benefits, opportunities, risks, costs and incentive mechanisms of CSA interventions have not been well documented. Therefore, this qualitative research was performed in the eastern part of the Urmia Lake basin to identify the best CSA intervention for restoration of the lake and investigate the major drivers of CSA development. Using the “benefits, opportunities, risks, and costs” method, 14 influential factors were explored. Also, fuzzy VIKOR analysis indicated an urgent need of developing water-smart agriculture (WSA) in the Urmia Lake basin, where water scarcity, poor water governance and low water use efficiency are significant problems. Interpretive structural modeling and MICMAC analysis suggested that policy making and planning, research and development, monitoring and evaluation, education and extension services, supports and services, institutions and degree of their collaborations, knowledge and attitude, and infrastructures and farm structures can enhance the application of WSA interventions. Some recommendations and implications are offered to facilitate the adoption and development of WSA practices and technologies.
