Fig 7 - uploaded by Rodney Feldmann
Content may be subject to copyright.
Bony fish and sharks from the Clayton Formation. 1, cf. Pachyrhizodus canius Cope, 1872, ISGS 90P81, fragment of ceratohyal. 2, Bananogmius cf. B . crieleyi Applegate, 1970, ISGS 90P84, bone fragment. 3, Propenser hewletti Applegate, 1970, ISGS 90P88, small hyoid element. 4, Unidentified fish tooth, ISGS 90P101. 5, 6, Lama cuspidata Agassiz, 1843. 5, ISGS 90P93, maxillary tooth with broad main cusp and flat secondary lateral cusps. 6, ISGS 90P96, mandibular parasymphyseal tooth. 7, Unidentified shark vertebra, ISGS 90P103. 8, Propenser hewletti Applegate, 1970, ISGS 90P89, small shoulder girdle fragment. 9, Unidentified shark vertebra, ISGS 90P102. 10, 11, Ischyodus williamsae Case, 1991, ISGS 90P107. 10, labial view of left-hand mandibular plate. 11, lingual view of same plate. Bar scale equals 1 cm.
Source publication
Identification of 8640 specimens of bryozoan, mollusk, decapod, and vertebrate fossils from the Paleocene Clayton Formation in southern Illinois has resulted in recognition of 44 species-level taxa of which 40 have been identified to genus or species. The fauna is less diverse than other Clayton Formation faunas which may be a result of its having...
Similar publications
The reproduction and diet of the streaked gurnard Trigloporus lastoviza (Bonnaterre, 1788), the most common gurnard species in Tunisia, were studied in the Gulf of Tunis, from June 2007 to May 2008. Samples were monthly collected from different landing sites in the study area. A total of 478 females and 210 males (10.6 cm < TL < 26.0 cm) were exami...
Most bryozoans have calcareous skeletons that locally contribute large amounts of carbonate sediment to the sea floor. Whereas Recent bryozoans are diverse in shelf seas pan-globally, it is only in mid to high latitudes that they are potential limestone producers; tropical bryozoans invariably have too small a biomass relative to other carbonate pr...
RÉSUMÉ. -La reproduction et le régime alimentaire de Trigloporus lastoviza (Bonnaterre, 1788), espèce de triglidés commune des côtes tunisiennes, ont été étudiés de juin 2007 à mai 2008 dans le golfe de Tunis. Pour l'étude de la reproduc-tion, 688 individus (10,6 cm < Lt < 26 cm) dont 478 femelles et 210 mâles ont été examinés. Le suivi mensuel de...
For the first time Amphipoda have been discovered living in Bryozoa. A new genus and species of the amphipod family Chevaliidae, Bryoconversor tutus gen. et sp. nov. is described from New Zealand at depths of 530–1500 m. The species lives in an inquiline relationship with the cheilostome bryozoan Onchoporoides moseleyi (Calwelliidae), inhabiting an...
Citations
... Vega et al. (2007) recorded a right and an incomplete left chela of a diogenid from the Rancho Nuevo Formation at Coahuila (Mexico), while Armstrong et al. (2009) described a right paguroid palm, without systematic placement, from the Midway Group of Texas, USA. In addition, Cope et al. (2005) noted Paguristes johnsoni Rathbun, 1935, on the basis of a single, well-preserved propodus and an additional fragment of a carpus that were closely comparable to the type material illustrated and described by Rathbun (1935) from the Sucarnoochee Formation of Alabama (USA). Robin et al. (2017) mentioned an indeterminate species of Paguristes Dana, 1851 from a privately held collection of Danian decapod crustaceans from Vigny, France. ...
During recent decades, decapod crustacean faunas from middle Danian (lower Paleocene) strata at Faxe
(Sjælland, Denmark) have been studied in detail. However, paguroid anomurans have not yet been described
formally. Two new species of hermit crab have lately been recognised in the collections of the Geomuseum
Faxe. Percentages of total paguroid assemblages and feeding behaviour derived from the morphology of its
chelae indicate that one of these, Dardanus faxensis sp. nov., as a generalist, was better adapted to inhabit the
deep-water reefal environment of the Faxe carbonates than the more specialised, suspension-feeding Paguristes
frigoscopulus sp. nov.
... Pacaud 2004;Rosenkrantz 1963. Even though the gastropod fauna from the Danish K-Pg boundary has largely been forgotten since the monograph of Ravn (1902), much systematic work has been done on contemporaneous faunas from other parts of the world, though mostly relating to shallower waters than those of the Danish area (Sohl 1960(Sohl , 1963(Sohl , 1964a(Sohl , 1964bGlibert 1973;Kollmann & Peel 1983;Abdel-Gawad 1986;Griffin & Hünicken 1994;Stilwell et al. 2004;Cope et al. 2005). In spite of the moderately rare fossil preservation of the aragonitic shells this has revealed a highly diverse gastropod fauna, but also one which experienced serious changes at the K-Pg event. ...
Gastropods constituted one of the most successful faunal groups in the Danish Basin around the Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) boundary, both with regard to abundance and diversity. Only 19 species were known previously; this number is here increased to 140. The end-Cretaceous Danish fauna is represented by 79 taxa of which 85 % became extinct at the boundary. A new fauna of 72 species arose within a remarkably short time interval of less than half a million years. The extinction seems to have hit rather randomly with regard to feeding strategies, while geographical range stands out as the single most important factor in survivorship. The succeeding speciation was controlled by changes in substrate and food availability, where non-carnivores and taxa dependent on a hard substrate were replaced by hunting carnivores and mud-adapted taxa in response to the disappearance of the Cretaceous bryozoan mounds. The gastropod genus Loxotoma Fischer, 1885 is renamed as Palaeoloxotoma nom. nov. due to its junior synonymy with a moth. 38 new species are erected. These are Acirsa torensis n. sp., Acmaea selandica n. sp., Ageria laxa n. sp., Ageria skeldervigensis n. sp., Amaea alicae n. sp., Amaea stevniensis n. sp., Amaurellina ravni n. sp., Arene jakobseni n. sp., Ataphrus (Ataphrus) knoesensis n. sp., Bathrotomaria jakobseni n. sp., Ceratia rodvigensis n. sp., Cerithiella selandica n. sp., Cerithiopsis restemlongis n. sp., Claviscala minor n. sp., Coniscala umbilica n. sp., Cranopsis cretacea n. sp., Cylichna stevniensis n. sp., Dolicholatirus lorenzi n. sp., Epalxis? rosenkrantzi n. sp., Epetrium s.l. skeldervigensis n. sp., Eucycloscala gracilicostatus n. sp., Fusinus schnetleri n. sp., Mathilda dania n. sp., Mesalia danica n. sp., Opaliopsis carlsbergi n. sp., Pseudocochlespira transversa n. sp., Pseudotoma danica n. sp., Tatara pseudosassia n. sp., Tectus? indecorus n. sp., Temnotropis stevniensis n. sp., Thereitis carlsbergi n. sp., Thereitis cretacea n. sp., Thylacodes contendis n. sp., Unitas heinbergi n. sp., Vatopsis heinbergi n. sp., Vexillum? rosenkrantzi n. sp., Vexillum tenestolidum n. sp. and Zebinella selandica n. sp.
... Most other occurrences of Mesostylus to date are Late Cretaceous. The region in which the Clayton Formation was deposited has been suggested to be a possible refugium, as the formation contains a high percentage of Cretaceous survivors (Cope et al., 2005). Sakai, 1988 Schweitzer et al. (2010), Hyžný & Karasawa (2012), and Hyžný & Klompmaker (2015). ...
Investigation of decapod crustaceans from Paleogene sediments of Mississippi has yielded one new Eocene brachyuran species, Matutites periosusn. sp., and six new Oligocene brachyuran species, Lophoranina linckin. sp., Notopus adinaen. sp., Calappilia granulosan. sp., C. perreaultin. sp., C. gableorumn. sp., and Acanthocarpus osbornin. sp. Other occurrences include previously described caridean shrimp, axiids, pagurids, and raninids. Mesostylus, a callianassid, is described for the first time from Danian deposits, all other occurrences being Late Cretaceous. The Oligocene decapod fauna from Gulf Coastal North America, including localities in Alabama and Mississippi, is most like that of Pacific Coastal Baja California and most different from Pacific coastal localities from Oregon northward.
... Stratigraphically, Pachyrhizodus is a long-ranging taxon, existing from the Albian to the Paleocene (Cope et al., 2005;Bartholomai, 2010). However, Pachyrhizodus had not previously been reported from the Maastrichtian of North America, although its presence was expected based on its occurrence in the Paleocene Clayton Formation of Illinois (Cope et al., 2005). ...
... Stratigraphically, Pachyrhizodus is a long-ranging taxon, existing from the Albian to the Paleocene (Cope et al., 2005;Bartholomai, 2010). However, Pachyrhizodus had not previously been reported from the Maastrichtian of North America, although its presence was expected based on its occurrence in the Paleocene Clayton Formation of Illinois (Cope et al., 2005). This very historical specimen, YPM VP.058130, thus fills a gap in the fossil record of the long-lived genus Pachyrhizodus that cruised the world's oceans for almost 50 million years. ...
A partial dentary collected by Arthur Lakes in 1878 belong to the actinopterygian (ray-finned fish) genus Pachyrhizodus. Morphologically, the specimen compares most favorably to. P. leptopsis Cope, 1874, though P. leptopsis comes from Santonian and older beds. The importance of the specimen is that it is the first record of this genus of fish from the Maastrichtian of North America and of its historical association with pioneering Colorado geologist Arthur Lakes.
... A conspicuous feature of the geochemical dataset from the Owl Creek Formation is the rapid increase in iridium values at the contact between the brown and grey units to almost double the apparent background level (Fig. 12D). We consider this most likely indicates post-depositional diagenetic remobilization of iridium and concentration at a redox boundary at the contact between the brown and grey units (Colodner et al., 1992), rather than a primary signal of elevated iridium concentrations at this horizon. Similar processes have been suggested for alterations to the impactinduced iridium spike at several distal KePg boundary sites (Racki et al., 2010;Miller et al., 2010;Esmeray-Senlet et al., 2017). ...
... This is also supported by the lack of definitive Danian macrofossil markers (e.g. Ostrea pulaskensis (Cope et al., 2005)) in the spherule bed. The abundance of ammonites in the Owl Creek Formation, and their presence at the base of the Clayton Formation coincident with impact ejecta at this locality, appears to contradict the argument by Stinnesbeck et al. (2012) that the group suffered a serious decline or pre-extinction at low latitudes prior to the KePg boundary. ...
We describe an outcrop of the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary exposed due to construction near New Albany, Union County, Mississippi. It consists of the Owl Creek Formation and overlying Clayton Formation. The Owl Creek Formation is rich in the ammonites Discoscaphites iris and Eubaculites carinatus, which, along with biostratigraphically important dinoflagellate cysts and calcareous nannofossils, indicate deposition occurred within the last 1 million years, most likely last 500 kyrs, of the Cretaceous. The base of the overlying Clayton Formation marks the K–Pg boundary, and consists of a 15-30 cm thick muddy, poorly sorted quartz sand containing abundant spherules representing ejecta derived from the Chicxulub impact event. Impact spherules range in size from 0.5 mm to 1 mm in diameter and are hollow and well preserved, with details such as smaller vesicular spherules enclosed within. The spherules are altered to clay minerals such as smectite and are typical of those found at K–Pg boundary sites in the Gulf of Mexico and beyond. Spherules are scattered throughout the bed, and surface counts suggest an average of 4 spherules per cm2. Macrofossils within the spherule bed represent a rich fauna of ammonites, benthic molluscs (bivalves and gastropods), echinoids, as well as crabs and sharks. Macrofossil preservation ranges from whole to fragmentary, with most fossils preserved as internal moulds. The infill of the fossils is lithologically identical to the matrix of the spherule bed, including impact ejecta preserved within phragmocones and body chambers of ammonites, and differs from the underlying Owl Creek Formation. This suggests that the animals were either alive or loosely scattered on the sea floor at the time of deposition. Grain size changes indicate multiple events were responsible for deposition, and together with taphonomic evidence are consistent with dynamic high energy post-impact processes. Later sea level change during the Paleocene is responsible for a sharp contact at the top of the spherule bed. Geochemical evidence from the Owl Creek and Clayton Formations at this locality indicate numerous local paleoenvironmental changes affected the Mississippi Embayment at the time of the K–Pg boundary and mass extinction event.
... A conspicuous feature of the geochemical dataset from the Owl Creek Formation is the rapid increase in iridium values at the contact between the brown and grey units to almost double the apparent background level (Fig. 12D). We consider this most likely indicates post-depositional diagenetic remobilization of iridium and concentration at a redox boundary at the contact between the brown and grey units (Colodner et al., 1992), rather than a primary signal of elevated iridium concentrations at this horizon. Similar processes have been suggested for alterations to the impactinduced iridium spike at several distal KePg boundary sites (Racki et al., 2010;Miller et al., 2010;Esmeray-Senlet et al., 2017). ...
... This is also supported by the lack of definitive Danian macrofossil markers (e.g. Ostrea pulaskensis (Cope et al., 2005)) in the spherule bed. The abundance of ammonites in the Owl Creek Formation, and their presence at the base of the Clayton Formation coincident with impact ejecta at this locality, appears to contradict the argument by Stinnesbeck et al. (2012) that the group suffered a serious decline or pre-extinction at low latitudes prior to the KePg boundary. ...
We describe an outcrop of the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary exposed due to construction near New Albany, Union County, Mississippi. It consists of the Owl Creek Formation and overlying Clayton Formation. The Owl Creek Formation is rich in the ammonites Discoscaphites iris and Eubaculites carinatus, which, along with biostratigraphically important dinoflagellate cysts and calcareous nannofossils, indicate deposition occurred within the last 1 million years, most likely last 500 kyrs, of the Cretaceous. The base of the overlying Clayton Formation marks the K–Pg boundary, and consists of a 15–30 cm thick muddy, poorly sorted quartz sand containing abundant spherules representing ejecta derived from the Chicxulub impact event. Impact spherules range in size from 0.5 mm to 1 mm in diameter and are hollow and well preserved, with details such as smaller vesicular spherules enclosed within. The spherules are altered to clay minerals such as smectite and are typical of those found at K–Pg boundary sites in the Gulf of Mexico and beyond. Spherules are scattered throughout the bed, and surface counts suggest an average of 4 spherules per cm2. Macrofossils within the spherule bed represent a rich fauna of ammonites, benthic molluscs (bivalves and gastropods), echinoids, as well as crabs and sharks. Macrofossil preservation ranges from whole to fragmentary, with most fossils preserved as internal moulds. The infill of the fossils is lithologically identical to the matrix of the spherule bed, including impact ejecta preserved within phragmocones and body chambers of ammonites, and differs from the underlying Owl Creek Formation. This suggests that the animals were either alive or loosely scattered on the sea floor at the time of deposition. Grain size changes indicate multiple events were responsible for deposition, and together with taphonomic evidence are consistent with dynamic high energy post-impact processes. Later sea level change during the Paleocene is responsible for a sharp contact at the top of the spherule bed. Geochemical evidence from the Owl Creek and Clayton Formations at this locality indicate numerous local paleoenvironmental changes affected the Mississippi Embayment at the time of the K–Pg boundary and mass extinction event.
... A conspicuous feature of the geochemical dataset from the Owl Creek Formation is the rapid increase in iridium values at the contact between the brown and grey units to almost double the apparent background level (Fig. 12D). We consider this most likely indicates post-depositional diagenetic remobilization of iridium and concentration at a redox boundary at the contact between the brown and grey units (Colodner et al., 1992), rather than a primary signal of elevated iridium concentrations at this horizon. Similar processes have been suggested for alterations to the impactinduced iridium spike at several distal KePg boundary sites (Racki et al., 2010;Miller et al., 2010;Esmeray-Senlet et al., 2017). ...
... This is also supported by the lack of definitive Danian macrofossil markers (e.g. Ostrea pulaskensis (Cope et al., 2005)) in the spherule bed. The abundance of ammonites in the Owl Creek Formation, and their presence at the base of the Clayton Formation coincident with impact ejecta at this locality, appears to contradict the argument by Stinnesbeck et al. (2012) that the group suffered a serious decline or pre-extinction at low latitudes prior to the KePg boundary. ...
Outcrops located along the Brazos River, Texas, which contain the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary have been extensively studied for the last 30 years, and provide critical insight into the timing and nature of the mass extinction event 66 million years ago. New investigations of the Corsicana Formation at two sites (Darting Minnow and Cottonmouth Creek) have resulted in the discovery of an abundant ammonite assemblage directly below the K–Pg boundary. In-situ ammonites range to within 10 cm of the ‘clastic unit’ which marks the boundary at Brazos. Findings of Discoscaphites iris confirm the presence of the highest Maastrichtian ammonite range zone in North America, and with calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy allow for precise dating of the fauna. Additional age constraints are provided by a bentonite ash layer 30 cm below the K–Pg boundary at Cottonmouth Creek. The Brazos ammonite fauna is dominated by large examples of the genera Eubaculites and Discoscaphites, with rare Sphenodiscus and Gaudryceras – the first record of this genus in the Maastrichtian of the United States. Jaws and juvenile specimens are also present, indicating this represents a living community. Specimens exhibit well-preserved shell material allowing for determination of water temperatures during the latest Cretaceous. These data can be compared with those from other fossil groups, as well as sedimentary geochemistry (mercury concentrations), to explore global climate trends and the effects of volcanism leading up to the mass extinction event and Chicxulub bolide impact. The composition of the Brazos fauna suggests this assemblage was living in deeper water compared to those of the eastern Gulf, while the presence of Gaudryceras indicates persistent links to the Pacific and Tethys oceans. Ammonites thrived during the latest Maastrichtian in the western Gulf Coast, apparently contradicting hypotheses for an early disappearance of the group at low latitudes prior to the K–Pg extinction.
... Only a few species of Paleocene carditids have been recorded in the Bassin de Brive and Sables de Bracheux (France; Cossmann and Pisarro, 1904;Lhomme and Freneix, 1993), in the Wangaloa Formation (New Zealand; Beu and Maxwell, 1990;Stilwell, 2003), in the Pebble Point Formation (Australia; Darragh, 1994), in the Kincaid, Lodo, and Clayton formations (USA; Gardner, 1935;Moore, 1992;Cope et al., 2005), and in the Soldado Formation (Trinidad and Tobago; Rutsch, 1943). ...
The first systematic analysis of the Danian carditids of Patagonia is presented, which includes four genera—one new genus and the first records of three other genera in South America. They consist of Claibornicardia paleopatagonica (Ihering, 1903), a widely distributed species occuring in the Jagüel, Roca and Salamanca formations (Neuquén, Río Negro and Chubut Provinces); Rotundicardia Heaslip, 1968, represented by the new species R . mariobrosorum n. sp., which is restricted to the Roca Formation (Río Negro Province); Cardites feruglioi (Petersen, 1846) (Roca and Lefipán formations, Río Negro and Chubut Provinces); and by Kalelia new genus, which includes K . burmeisteri (Böhm, 1903) from the Salamanca and Roca formations (Río Negro and Chubut Provinces), which is related to the Paris Basin species K . multicostata (Lamarck, 1806) n. comb. and K . pectuncularis (Lamarck, 1806) n. comb. ‘ Venericardia’ iheringi (Böhm, 1903), a species known only from internal molds, is described and regarded as a carditid with uncertain affinities. The presence of Claibornicardia , Rotundicardia , and Cardites in Patagonia constitutes the most ancient record of these genera and confirms biogeographical connections previously established between the Danian Argentinian and North American/European fossil faunas.
... The lowermost Paleocene deposits in the eastern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain are calcareous, but clays are predominant in the upper portion. The calcareous beds thin considerably into the Mississippi Embayment region but are found on both the Mississippi and Arkansas sides of the embayment, grading northward into siliciclastic marine beds that extend into southern Illinois ( Cope et al., 2005). Except for a calcareous unit (Tehuacana Limestone, Danian) localized in Falls and Limestone counties, the Paleocene is primarily a siliciclastic unit in central Texas, becoming more calcareous near the border with Mexico ( Gardner, 1933). ...
Twenty-one species of echinoid are reported from Paleocene rocks of the eastern United States along the outcrop belt from Texas to New Jersey. Six of these are strictly early Paleocene age (Danian), nine strictly late Paleocene age (Thanetian), five range throughout the Paleocene, and one previously reported Paleocene species ( Diplodetus moscovensis ) is most likely a Cretaceous species. Two new species are described, Salenia palmyra n. sp., from the Danian Clayton Formation in Alabama and Georgia, and Ova rancoca n. sp., from the Thanetian Vincentown Formation in New Jersey. One new species from the Clayton Formation in Mississippi, Arbaciella ? sp., is left in open nomenclature.
... Though geographically diverse, there is no evidence that these mono-specific genera survive the K-Pg extinction. Cope et al. (2005) described the fauna of the Clayton Formation (Paleocene, Danian) from the northeast of the Mississippi Embayment in Olmsted, Pulaski Co., Illinois. Four genera: Linuparus, Hoploparia, Paguristes, and Mesostylus, are reported from the Clayton Formation and also occur in the Coon Creek Formation. ...
The Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Coon Creek Formation of Mississippi and Tennessee possesses a diverse and abundant assemblage of decapods including lobsters, ghost shrimp, and crabs. The formation lies in a temporally and paleogeographically significant location, situated between the Atlantic Coastal Plain and the Western Interior Seaway, shortly before the closing of the seaway and the K-Pg mass extinction. Coon Creek decapods have been little studied since the fauna was first described in the 1920s. A large collection of specimens, ranging in preservation from poor to excellent, has recently become available for study. Analysis of the elemental composition of the sediment and cuticle of six species of decapods from six families (Palinuridae, Nephropidae, Callianassidae, Dakoticancridae, Raninidae, and Retroplumidae) collected at the Blue Springs locality in Mississippi reveals phosphatic replacement of cuticle and trace amounts of iron and sulfur in the surrounding sediment. Concretions bearing decapods and a decapod burrow were observed in thin section and were mapped for elemental distribution using Energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy and dot mapping indicating consistent elemental results with the surrounding sediment. The six species of decapods were analyzed using the same techniques and suggest diagentic affects in cuticlar structure and the presence of silica forming on the cuticle of a single specimen. Taphonomic data supports preservation ranging from well preserved phosphatization to secondary alteration to silica-rich exterior and weathering clay minerals. Because the silica is not replacing the phosphatized exocuticle and microscopic structure of cuticle in cross section is not preserved in the silica layer, the cause of this alteration is uncertain. The systematics and taxonomy of the decapod species from the Coon Creek Formation were reassessed. Sixteen species are identified, including two new species: Hoploparia tennesseensis, Hoploparia mcnairyensis, Linuparus keyesi sp. nov., Linuparus sp., Palaeopetrochirus enigmus, Seorsus wadei, Bournelyreidus ericksoni sp. nov., Cristipluma mississippiensis, Lithophylax flectus new combination, Hoploparia georgeana, Mesostylus mortoni, Tetracarcinus subquadratus, Avitelmessus grapsoideus, Cretacoranina testacea, Dakoticancer australis, Prehepatus harrisi, and ?Latheticocarcinus atlanticus, as well as two fragments belonging to the Majidae. This decapod fauna has species in common with correlative units of the Western Interior Seaway, the Gulf Coastal Plain, and the Atlantic Coastal Plain, supporting the hypothesis that the Mississippi Embayment is an ecotone for North American decapods.
