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Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and the femoral neck are accurate indicators of the bone mass and thus useful predictors of fracture risk. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the easiest, yet the most precise and non-invasive technique. The need for a population-specific normative BMD data is vital in preventing mislabell...
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Osteoporosis is a chronic disorder and there are multiple factors that lead to osteoporosis. Aspects of human lifestyle such as physical activity, and day time life have positive effects up on bone health especially bone loss or osteoporosis among older people. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of age on Bone mineral density in a...
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Background
There are many similarities with regard to contributing cytokines in patients with psoriasis and osteoporosis. A theory of probable relationship between these two entities has been proposed but there is no concordant consensus. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with psoriasis.
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NTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis is a major growing public health with significant impact that crosses medical, social, and eco-nomic lines. OBJECTIVE: To study the possible association between osteoporosis and acute leukaemia . METHODS: This case control conducted out-patient consultation clinic of Department of Haematology and Unit of Rheumatology in Ba...
Purpose
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Citations
... These patients are dependent on blood transfusion and at risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis (3). Metabolic-bone disease involves the spinal and femoral neck region and includes the major causes of morbidity in patients with thalassemia major and intermedia (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). In addition to progressive process of disease, patients, who do not receive blood transfusions will develop more severe forms complication (6,9). ...
... Hip and spine BMD in the subjects were less than normal concentrations and it was confirmed by Akbarian, et al. study in Iran.[26] Although, Ca, P, vitamin D and K, F, Zn and ω3 could be effective BMD,[2728] intake in these postmenopausal women were less than DRI. ...
Introduction:
Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease and one of the most important modifiable factors in the development and maintenance of bone mass are nutrition nutritional status and its relationship with Bone Mass Density (BMD) in postmenopausal women admitted in osteodensitometry Center, Isfahan, Iran.
Materials and Methods:
Seventy-two postmenopausal osteoporotic women were studied. BMD of the lumbar spine and total hip were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Demographic and dietary intakes were collected by interview and using a validated food frequency questionnaires. T-scores, Pearson correlation and one way analysis of variance tests were conducted to analyze the data.
Results:
Mean of age and duration of menopause was nearly 57.5 ± 7.2 and 10.6 ± 7.1 years, respectively. The mean t-scores for BMD of spine and hip were 0.877 ± 0.179 and 0.997 ± 0.21, respectively. The mean of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), fluoride (F), Vitamin D, K and Zn were less than DRI and Na more than it (all P value less than 0.0001). BMD of hip was significantly correlated with dietary Ca, animal protein, Zn (P < 0.05), but BMD of spine did not show any significant correlation with nutrients (P > 0.05).
Conclusion:
Most of the postmenopausal osteoporotic women in this study had a considerable deficiency in terms of micronutrients such as Ca, vitamin D and P, which can be deleterious for bone health.
... RRC held the first course on "How to Interpret Bone Densitometry" in 1995 and prepared the first normal curve of BMD in the Iranian general population (reference curve on Hologic machine) in 1996. 1 2000, and Bangkok (Thailand) 2002. Collaborative studies of the APLAR SIG on Behcet's Disease resulted in two papers. ...
Rheumatology program at Tehran University was established by Fereydoun Davatchi in 1969. Later, Reza Moghtader, Firouz Panahi, and Amir-Khan Chafizadeh joined him. The first rheumatology outpatient clinic was founded in 1970. In 1974, the first rheumatology fellowship department was established along with a small research laboratory. The department expanded gradually to become the Rheumatology Research Center (RRC) in 1981. RRC was officially recognized in 1994 by the Ministry of Health and in 2001 as the Center of Excellence for Rheumatology in Iran. There are 15 rheumatologists who are the teaching staff at RRC. The center has trained up to 45 rheumatologists since 1985. RRC has conducted about 150 research projects (national and international collaborative projects). It has published 14 yearly books and collaborated in the publication of seven international books. RRC has presented 207 papers in local and 337 papers in international conferences. RRC has published 50 papers in local and 178 papers in international journals.
... Z scores were categorized as: ≤−2.5, −2.5 to −1 and >−1. In a previous study in Iran, it was shown that the BMD of both lumbar spine and femoral neck of Iranian normal population were lower than standards of manufacture, but there is no available data on the normative data of Iranian forearm BMD [16]. We then used NHANEs normative data as reference value [17]. ...
... What we found exceeded our expectations and the results of previous studies conducted in Iran [13,14]. A reason for this finding may be lower mean values of BMD of our normal population [13,14,16], but mentioned studies did not consider forearm region as the sites of measurement. However, our results are not so surprising given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (about 80% [18]) and increasingly common unhealthy life style in Tehran, and we predict major problems to be more commonly encountered in Tehran in the near future. ...
With the increasing life expectancy, osteoporosis is becoming a major worldwide health problem, more particularly in the Middle East region. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip, lumbar spine, and forearm was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar) in 2085 (25% men, 75% women) healthy Iranian subjects aged 20-88 yr. The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in at least one measured site in subjects aged 50 yr and older were 36.1% and 43.9% in women, and 24.5% and 70.8% in men, respectively. Among subjects younger than 50 yr, 49.6% of women and 59.6% of men had low bone mass, respectively. In addition, more than one third of subjects showed discordance between different sites of measurement. The high incidence of low bone density in young ages requires our proper attention and planning for prevention. Measurement of BMD in all three sites seems necessary and clinicians should look for possible causes of discordance between different sites of measurement and develop an appropriate strategy approaching to these patients.
... On the other hand, the BMD is affected by genetic background and geographic variation in different countries [20]. Accordingly, the BMD of the spine and femor in normal Iranian women is lower than the reference values provided by Hologic for the female Caucasian population of the USA of the same age group [21]. Considering the influence of racial factors on the vertebral heights and the bone mass density values, and the effect of the BMD on the vertebral heights, it appears essential that the reference data specific to the population under study be used. ...
... The values were less than expected considering to normal women without any vertebral fractures and T-scores for the spine and femoral neck BMD more than −1.5 SD (mean 0.70 and 0.60, SD 1.33 and 1.09). Also the BMD of both spine (mean 1.146 g/cm 2 , SD 0.15) and femoral neck (mean 0.959 g/cm 2 , SD 0.12) were in the normal range for healthy Iranian women [21].Table 3 shows the vertebral heights and ratios for T5–L4 for the two age groups (20–29 and 30–39 years) with different heights (159±5.8 vs 154±3.4 ...
... The subjects were selected from normal premenopausal women, as well as previous studies' suggestion [14, 15] , not affected by the exclusion criteria and not presenting with any signs of vertebral fractures of the crush, wedge, or biconcave types. On the other hand, it is well documented that vertebral deformities and fractures are associated with low axial BMD [22, 23]; and, in our study, the BMD of the spine and femoral neck were determined to be in the normal range for healthy Iranian women [21] (T-score>−1.5). Therefore, despite the " normal " status of the women in our study, the Z-scores obtained (shown inTable 2) strongly suggested the presence of vertebral fractures. ...
The anterior, medial, and posterior heights and the A/P and M/P ratios of the spine (T5–L4) in 41 normal premenopausal Iranian women were determined using an imaging densitometer (Expert XL) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method. All the women were healthy (age 20–39 years, and height 149–171 cm), without any signs of vertebral fractures, and with normal bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and femoral neck (T-score>−1.5). The vertebral heights were normalized using the Expert XL software, and the average vertebral height for the L2–L4 vertebrae was taken to minimize the effect of variation of body size among the subjects. The Z-score for all vertebral heights (T5–L4) averaged −0.68, with the A/P and M/P ratios coming to +0.34 and +0.49, respectively. It showed the normalization procedure not to correct the differences of vertebral heights in Iranian women. The average of the three heights (H
avg) correlated fairly well with the stature of the subject (r=0.47, p<0.05), but no correlation was found between H
avg and subject age (p>0.05). The lower vertebral heights in older women in comparison with the younger women (0.4 mm) obtained in our study can be attributed to the relatively shorter stature of older women (mean 154 vs 159 cm for younger women, p<0.05). It was concluded that the normalization procedure used in the software does not equally apply to Iranian women due to their having different heights than those of American and northern European women, from whom the reference data for the Expert XL software have been gathered. The reference values thus obtained are therefore not accurate for our population group and a separate study with a bigger and more varied sample group is needed for obtaining more definitive results.
... In this study, the reason for lower femoral BMD can be insufficient bone gain during puberty in this area. Latest findings indicates that peak bone mass of Iranian population are about 5% lower than that of western population [22,23]. Decreased bone density in hip region could lead to start of bone loss from lower amounts in older ages and post-menopausal states. ...
Background
Diagnostic discordance for osteoporosis is the observation that the T-score of an individual patient varies from one key measurement site to another, falling into two different diagnostic categories identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. This study was conducted to evaluate the presence and risk factors for this phenomenon in a large sample of Iranian population.
Methods
Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and risk factors for osteoporosis were derived from a database on 4229 patients referred to a community-based outpatient osteoporosis testing center from 2000 to 2003. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed on L1–L4 lumbar spine and total hip for all cases. Minor discordance was defined as present when the difference between two sites was no more than one WHO diagnostic class. Major discordance was present when one site is osteoporotic and the other is normal. Subjects with incomplete data were excluded.
Results
In 4188 participants (3848 female, mean age 53.4 ± 11.8 years), major discordance, minor discordance, and concordance of T-scores were seen in 2.7%, 38.9% and 58.3%, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age, menopause, obesity, and belated menopause were recognized as risk factors and hormone replacement therapy as a protective factor against T-score discordance.
Conclusion
The high prevalence of T-score discordance may lead to problems in interpretation of the densitometry results for some patients. This phenomenon should be regarded as a real and prevalent finding and physicians should develop a particular strategy approaching to these patients.
Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is often complicated by osteoporosis. Although corticosteroid therapy undoubtedly plays a causative role, inflammation associated with PV may also contribute to osteoporosis. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with PV before corticosteroid therapy and to compare these findings with those reported previously in healthy volunteers. Newly diagnosed patients with PV, who had not received systemic corticosteroids, were enrolled. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured both in the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and hip region. Data were compared with those of a healthy Iranian population. The association between the disease duration and severity and BMD was evaluated. A total of 50 patients (27 women) with a mean age of 42.6±14.5 years were enrolled. Osteoporosis was seen in 7 (14%) patients, 3 (11.1%) women, 4 (17.4%) men, and in both genders it was more common when compared to the population of healthy Iranians (8.2% in women and 4.9% in men). Osteopenia was found in 26 (52%) patients, 13 women and 13 men. Although both osteopenia and osteoporosis were more common in severe disease, neither the duration nor the severity of PV showed a statistically significant association with osteopenia or osteoporosis. The presence of a higher than expected rate of osteoporosis in patients with PV argues for osteoporosis screening and efforts aimed at prevention and early initiation of treatment to prevent unnecessary morbidity.
