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Isolated fucoidans from brown marine algae have been shown to have a range of immune-modulating effects. This exploratory study aimed to determine whether a seaweed nutrient complex containing a blend of extracts from three different species of brown algae plus nutrients is safe to administer and has biological potential as an immune modulator. The...
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Context 1
... adverse events occurred in the last 2 days of the study and were not consid- ered to be related to the medication. The descriptive statistics for blood safety measures (full blood count, liver function tests, and determination of urea, creatinine, electrolytes, cholesterol, and triglycerides) on days 1 and 28 are presented in Tables 3 and 4. The results of the repeated-measures analysis of variance using two measurement times (day 1 and day 28) with P-values for the time, treatment, and time by treatment effects are out- lined in Tables 5 and 6. The only significant effect in these analyses was a significant treatment effect for potassium (P = 0.035), but the change was small and well within the clinical reference range so was assessed as not of clinical significance. ...
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Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide from the sea that has a wide range of bioactivities, among others as anti-cancer and immunomodulators. The seaweeds sampling was carried out in the intertidal zone during low tide, followed by the identification, extraction and purification, and cytotoxicity assay. Identification showed that three seaweed used...
Citations
... It has also been shown to be non-toxic when given in high doses to animal models and in a few clinical trials (Zaporozhets and Besednova, 2016). It was scientifically proven that fucoidan possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-thrombotic and anticoagulant properties (Myers et al., 2010). Fucoidan is extensively used as a food supplement among the world population along the coastal regions even before the scientific validation of its benefits on systemic ailments was reported. ...
... A 4-week daily oral administration of fucoidan (Cladosiphon novae-caledoniae) improved chronic inflammatory biomarkers in cancer patients including reductions in systemic IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations and improved quality of life [20]. A study investigating a 4-week daily oral administration of 100 mg per day and 1000 mg per day of fucoidan (Fucus vesiculosis, Macrocystis pyrifera, Laminaria japonica) in healthy adults found both doses reduced basal IL-6 levels and cytotoxic T-cell activity [21]. Despite methodological differences, fucoidans have consistently been shown to reduce inflammatory markers and improve resilience of the immune system with no known toxicity or adverse side effects [16,17,[21][22][23]. ...
... A study investigating a 4-week daily oral administration of 100 mg per day and 1000 mg per day of fucoidan (Fucus vesiculosis, Macrocystis pyrifera, Laminaria japonica) in healthy adults found both doses reduced basal IL-6 levels and cytotoxic T-cell activity [21]. Despite methodological differences, fucoidans have consistently been shown to reduce inflammatory markers and improve resilience of the immune system with no known toxicity or adverse side effects [16,17,[21][22][23]. Currently, most available research involving fucoidans in humans measure alterations in basal levels of cytokines and immune cells where no inflammatory stimulus is provided. ...
... These results indicate that fucoidans may not act as a direct ergogenic aid to improve performance during acute bouts of HIE. However, unlike the current study, consistently lowered chronic inflammatory markers and improved immune health have been demonstrated in previous research in healthy [19,21], clinical [20], and athletic [27] populations. More research is warranted to determine the chronic effects of fucoidans on facilitating a faster return to play following repeated bouts of intense exercise. ...
Introduction:
High-intensity exercise (HIE) can damage the musculotendon complex and impact the immune response, resulting in post-exercise inflammation. Sufficient rest and recovery will improve muscular resilience against future damaging bouts; however, HIE with minimal durations of rest is common in athletic competitions that facilitate persistent inflammation and immune dysregulation. Fucoidans are fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and pro-immune responses. Fucoidans may improve inflammation and immune responses, which may prove beneficial for individuals who regularly engage in repeated HIE. The research purpose was to investigate the safety and efficacy of fucoidans on inflammatory and immune markers following HIE.
Methods:
Eight male and eight female participants were randomized into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover design study and supplemented with 1 g/day fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida (UPF) or placebo (PL) for 2 weeks. Supplementation periods concluded with HIE testing, followed by 1 week of washout. HIE involved one > 30 s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) and eight 10 s WAnT intervals. Blood was drawn pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, 30 min, and 60 min post-exercise to assess immune and inflammatory markers. Blood markers, peak power (PP), and mean power (MP) were analyzed using a 2 (condition) × 4 (time) design. Significance was set at α = .05.
Results:
A time-by-condition interaction was observed for interleukin-6 (p = .01) and interleukin-10 (p = .008). Post hoc analysis revealed greater interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 concentrations at 30 min post HIE with UPF supplementation (p = .002 and p = .005, respectively). No effects of condition were observed for all blood markers or performance outcomes with UPF supplementation (p > .05). Main effects of time were observed for white blood cells, red blood cells, red cell distribution width, mean platelet volume, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, natural killer cells, B and T-lymphocytes, CD4 and CD8 cells (p < .05).
Discussion:
No adverse events were reported throughout the study period, indicating a positive safety profile of UPF. While notable changes in biomarkers occurred up to 1 hr post HIE, few differences were observed between supplementation conditions. There did appear to be a modest effect of UPF on inflammatory cytokines potentially warranting further investigation. However, fucoidan supplementation did not influence exercise performance.
... Specifically, for high-value streams like nutraceuticals and bioactive peptide research, the higher cost to produce purer protein powder can be acceptable for the health market application. Seaweed powders enriched with polyphenols and phlorotannins (Paradis et al. 2011), fucoidan (Myers et al. 2011), and fucoxanthin (Abidov et al. 2010) has been reported to benefit human subjects metabolically. Antihypertensive peptides from Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) and Nori (Porphyra yezoensis) are commercially available in Japan as beverage, jelly, and powder (Hayes and Tiwari 2015). ...
Previous work on Pacific dulse (Devaleraea mollis), a fast-growing protein-rich red algae, revealed that protein recovery can be significantly improved with cellulase pretreatment and sequential extraction approach. Since solubilized protein fractions need to be precipitated out of solution for enrichment and pellet recovery for downstream applications, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of precipitation strategies on macroalgal protein yield. Extracted protein fractions were precipitated using trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or pH-shift method (HCl/NaOH), and protein concentrations were assessed using three quantification methods, namely modified Lowry, Dumas, and total amino acid analysis (TAA). Specific to each Osborne fraction (albumin, globulin, glutelin and prolamin), the pH-shift precipitation approach was optimized in consideration to the amount of protein pellet recovered, protein retained in supernatant, and volume of acid required for pH adjustment. This work shows that the optimized pH-shift method has competitive yield compared to that of TCA precipitation. Ethanol wash post-pellet collection improved purity of the freeze-dried powders in both precipitation approaches but had more pronounced effects to TCA pellets. This then suggests that a single step precipitation using the optimized pH-shift method can be employed as a food-grade method in the recovery of extracted Pacific dulse proteins. Overall, this work provides a pioneering insight on the recovery of Pacific dulse protein using a pH-shift approach, and how three protein quantification methods were streamlined for protein recovery assessment. As a promising complementary food protein and potential bioactive peptide (BAP) source, this work offers an upscalable and ecologically sustainable recovery approach for seaweed protein from an abundant natural resource on the Pacific coast.
... Not many clinical trials have been performed, however, one was carried out to evaluate a seaweed extract formulation from Fucus vesiculosis, Macrocystis pyrifera, and Laminaria japonica, on osteoarthritis patients. According to the study, the formulation would ameliorate osteoarthritis symptoms in a dose-dependent way [97]. ...
The use of seaweed for therapeutic purposes is ancient, but only in the last decade, with advanced technologies, has it been possible to extract seaweed’s bioactive compounds and test their potential properties. Algal metabolites possess nutritional properties, but they also exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities, which allow them to be involved in several pharmaceutical applications. Seaweeds have been incorporated since ancient times into diets as a whole food. With the isolation of particular seaweed compounds, it would be possible to develop new types of food with therapeutically properties. Polysaccharides make up the majority of seaweed biomass, which has triggered an increase in interest in using seaweed for commercial purposes, particularly in the production of agar, carrageenan, and alginate. The bio-properties of polysaccharides are strictly dependent to their chemical characteristics and structure, which varies depending on the species, their life cycles, and other biotic and abiotic factors. Through this review, techniques for seaweed polysaccharides extraction are reported, with studies addressing the advantages for human health from the incorporation of algal compounds as dietary supplements and food additives.
... Many species of seaweeds have been employed in traditional medicine for a long time, notably in Asian nations, against goiter, nephritic disorders, anthelmintic, catarrh, and a few other ailments as medicaments or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, long before scientific study information [316]. Fucus vesiculosus has been used as a medicinal drug, primarily due to its iodine content, for obesity defects and goiters [316], for the treatment of sore knees [317], healing wounds [318], and also as herbal teas for their laxative effects [319]. The application of different seaweeds is presented in Table 10. ...
Since ancient times, seaweeds have been employed as source of highly bioactive secondary metabolites that could act as key medicinal components. Furthermore, research into the biological activity of certain seaweed compounds has progressed significantly, with an emphasis on their composition and application for human and animal nutrition. Seaweeds have many uses: they are consumed as fodder, and have been used in medicines, cosmetics, energy, fertilizers, and industrial agar and alginate biosynthesis. The beneficial effects of seaweed are mostly due to the presence of minerals, vitamins, phenols, polysaccharides, and sterols, as well as several other bioactive compounds. These compounds seem to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic activities. Recent advances and limitations for seaweed bioactive as a nutraceutical in terms of bioavailability are explored in order to better comprehend their therapeutic development. To further understand the mechanism of action of seaweed chemicals, more research is needed as is an investigation into their potential usage in pharmaceutical companies and other applications , with the ultimate objective of developing sustainable and healthier products. The objective of this review is to collect information about the role of seaweeds on nutritional, pharmacological , industrial, and biochemical applications, as well as their impact on human health.
... Fucoidan also contains a proportion of other monosaccharide compositions, including alduronic acid, galactose, xylose, mannose, rhamnose, glucose and arabinose [12,13]. Fucoidan is a natural product, and many studies have shown tha fucoidan has low toxicity and side effects, and generally does not cause adverse reactions in the body [22][23][24]. ...
The Caco-2 model is a common cell model for material intestinal absorption in vitro, which usually takes 21 days to establish. Although some studies have shown that adding puromycin (PM) can shorten the model establishment period to 7 days, this still requires a long modeling time. Therefore, exploring a shorter modeling method can reduce the experimental costs and promote the development and application of the model. Fucoidan is an acidic polysaccharide with various biological activities. Our study showed that the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value could reach 600 Ω·cm2 on the fourth day after the addition of fucoidan and puromycin, which met the applicable standards of the model (>500 Ω). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, fluorescein sodium transmittance, and cell morphology of this model all met the requirements of model establishment. Fucoidan did not affect the absorption of macromolecular proteins and drugs. The results indicate that fucoidan can be applied to establish the Caco-2 model and can shorten the model establishment period to 5 days.
... The most interesting aspect of fucoidan from an animal health perspective is gut health and the immune system modulation, and the numerous important biological effects of fucoidans that are related to their ability to modify cell surface properties (Usov et al. 2001). The ingestion of fucoidan has also been shown to increase the anti-pathogenic activity of granulocytes and macrophages in healthy people (Myers et al. 2011). Increased immune activity after fucoidan ingestion can even eliminate the tropical protozoan parasite Leishmania, as seen in a mouse model (Kar et al. 2011). ...
There are about 1200 chlorophytes or green algal, 1750 phaeophytes or brown algal and 6000 rhodophytes or red algal species. These macroalgal species or more popularly called seaweeds, contain a plethora of secondary metabolites that play a role in a variety of metabolic processes in plants, animals, and humans. Seaweeds possess several bioactive molecules that are studied for their prebiotic, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Seaweed benefits are related to their content of sulfated polysaccharides, phlorotannins, di-terpenes, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. Modern agricultural and farming practices depend heavily on chemicals to control pests such as a variety of parasitic organisms either internal or external in animal farming and crop production. Unique biochemical compounds from algae have been applied as potential biocides against these parasitic organisms. Over the last decades, several chemical biocides have become less effective and many chemicals currently used have a negative environmental impact, undesirable side effects to humans and other non-target organisms. Marine algae have a demonstrated potential to act as environmentally friendly biocides with no negative side effects and could fulfill the need of alternative and safe supplements to increase health and welfare in livestock. This chapter reviews the effects of seaweeds and seaweed extracts in farmed animals as prebiotics, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory effects, promoting intestinal well-being and improving digestibility.KeywordsSeaweedsIngredientsPolysaccharidesFucoidanHealth benefitsLivestock
... Currently, seaweeds are particularly appealing because of their high nutrient and bioactive phytochemical content [7]. The active components of seaweed, such as sulfated polysaccharides [8], polyphenols [9], fucosterol [10], fucoxanthin [11], fucoidan [12], phlorotannin [13], and flavonoids [14], may We summarized seaweed research on chronic disease based on three groups of seaweeds: brown (Phaeophyceae), red (Rhodophyceae), and green (Chlorophyceae) (Figure 2). Studies of chronic disease were conducted on brown seaweed (68%), red seaweed (18%), and green seaweed (14%). ...
... Research on the benefits of seaweed for the treatment of OA was conducted in a clinical study by combining Phase I and II trials [12]. The formulation used contained Maritech ® fucoidan-rich extracts of Fucus vesiculosis, Macrocystis pyrifera, and Laminaria japonica, with additional vitamin B6, zinc, and manganese taken daily. ...
... The chemical structures of fucoidan (1), agars (2), kappa carrageenans(3), ulvans (4), alginates (5), laminarin (6), fucosterol(7), phlorotannins (8), lectins (9), alkaloids (10), diterpenes(11), and fucoxanthin(12). ...
Seaweeds or marine macroalgae are known for producing potentially bioactive substances that exhibit a wide range of nutritional, therapeutic, and nutraceutical properties. These compounds can be applied to treat chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Several studies have shown that consumption of seaweeds in Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea, has been correlated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases. In this study, we conducted a review of published papers on seaweed consumption and chronic diseases. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method for this study. We identified and screened research articles published between 2000 and 2021. We used PubMed and ScienceDirect databases and identified 107 articles. This systematic review discusses the potential use of bioactive compounds of seaweed to treat chronic diseases and identifies gaps where further research in this field is needed. In this review, the therapeutic and nutraceutical properties of seaweed for the treatment of chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes, cancer, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and arthritis were discussed. We concluded that further study on the identification of bioactive compounds of seaweed, and further study at a clinical level, are needed.
... As one of the major active components of L. japonica, its polysaccharides have been found to have multiple bioactivities, including antioxidative [9], anticoagulant [10], antiviral [11], immunomodulating [12] and alleviating metabolic syndrome [13]. However, the effects of the polysaccharides derived from L. japonica (LJP) on obesity-related fatty liver and the underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. ...
In this study, the effects of a polysaccharide derived from Laminaria japonica (LJP) on obesity were investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). LJP significantly attenuated obesity-related features, lowering serum triglycerides, glucose, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. HFD-induced liver steatosis and hepatocellular ballooning were significantly attenuated by LJP. Additionally, LJP was found to significantly modulate hepatic gene expressions of AMPK and HMGCR, which are key regulators of lipid and cholesterol metabolism. We further found that LJP ameliorated HFD-induced gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis by significantly reducing the obesity-related Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, meanwhile promoting the growth of Verrucomicrobia at the phylum level. At the genus level, propionate-producing bacteria Bacteroides and Akkermansia were elevated by LJP, which might explain the result that LJP elevated fecal propionate concentration. Taken together, these findings suggest that dietary intake of LJP modulates hepatic energy homeostasis to alleviate obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with GM regulation.
... Long time before the scientific research knowledge, many species of seaweeds have been used in traditional medicine, especially in Asian countries against goitre, nephritic diseases, anthelmintic, catarrh, just to new few diseases as medicaments or as pharmaceutical auxiliaries [135]. Among brown seaweeds Laminaria spp. was employed mainly in Japanese folk medicine for lowering the blood pressure, while Fucus vesiculosus has been used as a medicinal drug, mainly on account of its iodine content, for obesity defects and goitre [135], for the treatment of sore knees [136], healing wounds [137] and also as herbal teas for their laxative effects [138]. ...
Currently, seaweeds are gaining major attention due to the benefits they give to our health. Recent studies demonstrate the high nutritional value of seaweeds and the powerful properties that seaweeds’ bioactive compounds provide. Species of class Phaeophyceae, phylum Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta possess unique compounds with several properties that are potential allies of our health, which make them valuable compounds to be involved in biotechnological applications. In this review, the health benefits given by consumption of seaweeds as whole food or by assumption of bioactive compounds trough natural drugs are highlighted. The use of seaweeds in agriculture is also highlighted, as they assure soils and crops free from chemicals; thus, it is advantageous for our health. The addition of seaweed extracts in food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and industrial companies will enhance the production and consumption/usage of seaweed-based products. Therefore, there is the need to implement the research on seaweeds, with the aim to identify more bioactive compounds, which may assure benefits to human and animal health.
