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![Block diagram of control and DAQ of the scanning system [21].](publication/341172239/figure/fig3/AS:930334065586176@1598820334239/Block-diagram-of-control-and-DAQ-of-the-scanning-system-21.png)
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![Fig. 3. Block diagram of control and DAQ of the scanning system [21].](publication/341172239/figure/fig3/AS:930334065586176@1598820334239/Block-diagram-of-control-and-DAQ-of-the-scanning-system-21_Q320.jpg)
In the context of the development of novel Thick GEM based detectors of single photons, the high spatial resolution optical system, nicknamed Leopard, providing a detailed surface scanning of these electron multipliers, has been used for a set of systematic measurements of their key properties. In particular, gain uniformity and photoelectron extra...
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... inputs command lines and settings files, making convenient its remote handling. The DAQ program is also accessible by a graphical user interface, which runs on a distant machine, via intranet communication, where wireless connection is used to eliminate ground loops from Ethernet cables. A block diagram of control and DAQ system is presented in Fig. ...
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... A drawback of having an exposed insulator surface in the proximity of the multiplication region is the so-called charging-up effect -the accumulation of positive and neg-ative charges on the insulator surface; it causes time variations of the field and, thus, of the gain. Charging-up effects have been studied in detail in simulations and dedicated experiments [44,40,45,46,47,48,49,31,50]. A typical gain stabilization curve is shown in Figure 7b, taken from [40]. ...
... Measurements in Ar/CH 4 (30:70) revealed that the product of the extraction and collection efficiency (ε ext × ε col ) was optimal at a drift field of 0.2 kV/cm with minor dependency on the multiplication field. A hole diameter of 300 µm and a pitch of 800 µm were found optimal with respect to the area coverage and ε ext × ε col [47]. ...
... The relatively large CH 4 fraction is favorable to achieve a good photoelectron extraction from the photocathode: it both reduces photoelectron backscattering [221] and it allows for high enough dipole electric field at the THGEM surface. The drift voltage was optimized to reach, at the same time, low IBF [47]. In the optimal field configuration, with an IBF equals 3%, the gain values of the three layers were estimated to be ∼13, 9, and 120 for THGEM1 THGEM2 and the MM, respectively [186]. ...
The Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) is a robust high-gain gas-avalanche electron multiplier - a building block of a variety of radiation detectors. It can be manufactured economically by standard printed-circuit drilling and etching technology. We present a detailed review of the THGEM and its derivatives. We focus on the physics phenomena that govern their operation and performances under different operation conditions. Technological aspects associated with the production of these detectors and their current and potential applications are discussed.
... This latter property is likely to be important for photocathodes operating at high pressure, for example, in gaseous electron multiplier (GEM) structures. 12,13 A robust photocathode with good QE in the mid-UV range would be suitable for a range of sensing applications, such as water quality monitoring. 14 The lifetime of an oxide-terminated photocathode in a sealed GEM cell should be greatly improved over a more reactive surface. ...
Metal photocathodes are widely utilized as electron sources for particle accelerators for their ease of use, high durability, and fast response time. However, the high work function (WF) and low quantum efficiency (QE) typically observed in metals necessitate the use of high power deep UV lasers. Metal oxide ultra-thin films on metals offer a route to photocathodes with a lower WF and improved QE while maintaining photocathode durability and response time. We show how the photocathode performance of an Ag(100) single crystal is enhanced by the addition of an ultra-thin MgO film. The film growth and WF reduction of 1 eV are characterized, and the QE and mean transverse energy (MTE) are measured as a function of illumination wavelength. An eightfold increase of QE is achieved at 266 nm without adding to MTE through additional surface roughness, and the resistance of the photocathode to O[Formula: see text] gas is greatly improved.
... • A light propagation region of 88.2 mm is separated by the quartz radiator and the drift mesh. The drift mesh is made of 75 µm diameter gold plated tungsten wires and placed 4.8 mm away from the CsI coated THGEM and biased to a suitable voltage to maximize the extraction and collection efficiency of the converted photo-electron [10,11]. ...
Super tau-Charm facility(STCF) is a future electron-position collider operating at tau-Charm energy region aimed to study hadron structure and spectroscopy. The baseline design of the STCF barrel particle identification(PID) detector in the momentum range up to 2 GeV/c is provided by a Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counter(RICH). The architecture of the RICH is an approximately focusing design with liquid perfluorohexane sealed in the quartz container as radiator and a hybrid combination of a CsI coated layers of THGEMs and a Micromegas as the photo-electron detector. A 16*16 cm^2 prototype with quartz radiator has been built and tested at DESY. It was stably operated with 10^5 effective gain. In this paper, the design, the performance, the reconstruction algorithm and the systematic error for single photon electron angular resolution in the aspect of RICH detectors are discusses.
Super τ -Charm facility (STCF) is a future electron-positron collider operating in the τ-Charm energy region with the aim of studying hadron structure and spectroscopy. The baseline design of the STCF barrel particle identification (PID) detector, which covers momentum up to 2 GeV/ c , is provided by a Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counter (RICH). The RICH features an approximately focusing design with liquid perfluorohexane sealed in a quartz container as the radiator and a hybrid combination of CsI-coated THGEMs and Micromegas as the photo-electron detector. A 16×16 cm ² prototype with a quartz radiator has been built and tested at DESY and stably operated with an effective gain of 10 ⁵ . In this paper, the design, performance, and reconstruction algorithm of RICH detectors are discussed.
