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![1: Block diagram of an electrostatic vibration energy harvester assisted by a 'charge pump and flyback' conditioning circuit [Yen06].](profile/Andrii-Dudka/publication/281383682/figure/fig11/AS:669366177779732@1536600741817/Block-diagram-of-an-electrostatic-vibration-energy-harvester-assisted-by-a-charge-pump.png)
1: Block diagram of an electrostatic vibration energy harvester assisted by a 'charge pump and flyback' conditioning circuit [Yen06].
Source publication
Vibration energy harvesting is a relatively new concept that can be used in powering micro-scale power embedded devices with the energy of vibrations omnipresent in the surrounding. This thesis contributes to a general study of vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) employing electrostatic transducers. A typical electrostatic VEH consists of a capaciti...
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Citations
... Clock generator. This circuit is based on relaxation oscillator architecture and is inspired by work reported in [4]. This clock has an ultra-low power consumption of 25nW and a frequency of 3.2kHz. ...
... And when it receives an impulse on SWOFF, the output switches back to VRes. More detail about the level shifter design may be found in [1], [4], [5]. ...
... (PE) -expensive material [20] -hard to integrate with CMOS technology [6] Advantages: ...
... Electromagnetic -high output current [20] -long lifetime [16] -robustness [16] Disadvantages: ...
... Indeed, the system goes back to its initial electrical state after each periodic cycle of C var since the charges on C var and C res are constant. The drawback of this CC is that the load experiences an AC current with each capacitor cycles which would require a rectification step to supplying DC loads [20]. Moreover, this CC is unable to increase its internal energy [1]. ...
Vibrational energy is an attractive power source for self-powered wireless sensors. A mainstream harvesting technique for vibrational energy is electrostatic MEMS harvesters. Various circuit architectures have already been introduced with many successful implementation, yet a load interface that efficiently manages the harvested energy has rarely been reported. In this work a load interface is proposed which is suited for any condition circuit (CC) implementing rectangular QV cycles. In general, a rectangular QV conditioning circuit has an optimum interval of which the energy harvested is maximised, thus the harvested energy should be periodically removed to maintain maximising the harvested energy. This is achieved through the load interface (LI). The LI proposed is a switched inductor capacitive architecture with a LI controller allowing the extraction of the energy in a multiple energy shot fashion. The LI controller incorporate an ultra low power clock for switching events and low power comparator for switching decision. Power consumption is reduced by operating at a low supply voltage (1.1V). The LI is implemented in AMS0.35HV technology with a mixed high voltage-low power control blocks. It takes into account the harvester operation to maximise its extracted energy. It overcomes the constrained limited biasing power, tackles resistive losses and power handling transistor long channels by transferring the energy in a multiple shots fashion. A CMOS implementation is proposed along with simulation results showing an average consumed power of the controller less than 100nW allowing the system to operate with input power levels as low as few hundreds of nano-watts.
This chapter introduces and discusses the fundamental concepts of energy harvesting. In particular, we explain what energy sources are available in the environment and why vibration energy is so convenient for conversion. We also discuss the concept of the vibration energy harvester as a system: what structural blocks are required to facilitate vibration-to-electricity conversion. Finally, we explain the role of nonlinearity and how it can be used to improve the performance of energy harvesters.
