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In this study, low-cost sensors for air quality monitoring system have been characterized and designed. These sensors are applied in a monitoring system and installed at Sriwijaya University, which is vulnerable to the impacts of forest fires in the surrounding area. This monitoring system will provide information especially for the university comm...
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... system is also equip- ped with a data logger to store measurement data and LCD to display the level of air quality. The block diagram of the air quality monitoring system is shown in Figure 1. Arduino is used as a processing and cont- rolling device. ...
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... our test, the sensor output decreased from 0.85 and stable to 0.75 volts in clean air and open environment (Figure 14.a). Meanwhile, sensor output increased up to 2,15 volt when ex- posure by motorcycle exhaust gas (Figure 14.b). ...
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... our test, the sensor output decreased from 0.85 and stable to 0.75 volts in clean air and open environment (Figure 14.a). Meanwhile, sensor output increased up to 2,15 volt when ex- posure by motorcycle exhaust gas (Figure 14.b). These results indicate that the sensor has a good response to carbon monoxide gas. ...
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... results indicate that the sensor has a good response to carbon monoxide gas. When exposed by motorcycle exhaust gas, Rs value is decreasing along with higher carbon monoxide concentration as shown in Figure 10.a.According to Equation (2), Ro va- lue can be obtained from Rs value at 100 ppm carbon monoxide, from test result Rs value at 100 ppm carbon monoxide is 1,7KΩ as we can conclude that Ro value is also 1,7KΩ, where Ro is the value of the sensor resistance when the concentration of carbon monoxide gas is 100 ppm. ...
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... First, the experimental design employed a constant gas flow setup with a residence time of approximately 75 s. Low-cost air quality sensing applications commonly employ a continuous flow setup, utilizing a fan to draw flow through a housing [12,63,64], but tend to have lower residence times than 75 s. However, in this study, the experimental residence time was set at a larger value to determine measurable changes in gas concentration. ...
Low-cost air quality sensors (LCSs) are becoming more ubiquitous as individuals and communities seek to reduce their exposure to poor air quality. Compact, efficient, and aesthetically designed sensor housings that do not interfere with the target air quality measurements are a necessary component of a low-cost sensing system. The selection of appropriate housing material can be an important factor in air quality applications employing LCSs. Three-dimensional printing, specifically fused deposition modeling (FDM), is a standard for prototyping and small-scale custom plastics production because of its low cost and ability for rapid iteration. However, little information exists about whether FDM-printed thermoplastics affect measurements of trace atmospheric gasses. This study investigates how five different FDM-printed thermoplastics (ABS, PETG, PLA, PC, and PVDF) affect the concentration of five common atmospheric trace gasses (CO, CO2, NO, NO2, and VOCs). The laboratory results show that the thermoplastics, except for PVDF, exhibit VOC off-gassing. The results also indicate no to limited interaction between all of the thermoplastics and CO and CO2 and a small interaction between all of the thermoplastics and NO and NO2.
... It has tin dioxide (SnO2) sensitive layer and Nickel-Chromium heater within micro-ceramic tube. Among 6 pins two connects heating coil and four for electrodes [4]. Mainly, MOS gas sensors have been used to assess pollutant in the ambient air. ...
A metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor has the capability to detect volatile and dangerous gases
in the environment. This type of sensors has been extensively utilized in environment monitoring, healthcare, food industry and other areas. One such MQ-2 gas sensor is highly sensitive to LPG, propane,
smoke, and methane gases but need the calibration. There are different ways to calibrate the gas sensor, but they are quite expensive and time-consuming. To find the optimized way 2-point and 4-point calibration methods were used to observe the sensor response using the Arduino Uno module and found
to be quite satisfactory. Data acquisition system implemented here was used for monitoring gas response
to study homely gases and hence preventive actions could be taken. With PLX-DAQ software, the system
was able to collect and store data in spreadsheet.
... Our group has already acquired know-how in building air quality monitoring platforms based on CO 2 measurement and using artificial intelligence tools [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Here we present significant advances on the previously proposed platform. ...
... In this third version, CO 2 is still the main object of the measurements since it is considered a good indicator of air quality [22]. However, a new sensor for measuring PM and more data analysis features have been incorporated into the platform. ...
... It is known as the association algorithm. Its objective was to trace a relationship between variables [22]. The Apriori tool uses an association algorithm on the data. ...
Over the years, there has been a gradual increase in the emission of pollutants, and it is imperative to establish mechanisms to monitor air quality. In addition to carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM) is considered one of the main types of air pollution. However, there is a wide variety of pollutants, and high investment is required to carry out detailed air quality monitoring. We present the third version of a previously proposed air quality monitoring platform based on CO2 concentration measurements. In this new version, a specific sensor for PM measurements and an artificial intelligence algorithm were added. The added algorithm traced associations between measurements of CO2 and PM concentrations. Thus, the measurement of a pollutant can be used for estimating the concentration of another. This can contribute to the development of a simpler and cheaper monitoring system. The acquisition of CO2 and PM concentrations was carried out daily over a period of one month. Pollutant measurements were taken in three strategic locations in a Brazilian city. It was possible to determine a correlation between pollutant concentrations for the monitored locations. Thus, it would be possible to efficiently estimate the PM concentration based on the measured CO2 concentration.
... En las investigaciones de Rumantri et al. (2018) y de Ajiboye et al. (2021), se tuvo que convertir la lectura del sensor MQ-6 en concentración y resistencia, respectivamente. El procedimiento consiste en tomar las fórmulas y gráficos brindados por la ficha técnica del sensor y plantear una ecuación de transformación de variables con la cual se obtenga la concentración de gas de GLP. ...
Las fugas de gas en Lima e Ica (Perú) aumentan cada año, provocando accidentes y daños irreparables para la población. En esta investigación se produjo una fuga controlada usando una cocina de dos hornillas y un arreglo de sensores MQ-6 dispuestos en distintos ángulos con respecto a la cocina (45°, 0° y 30 °). Se encontró que, si la cocina se ubica en la posición alta (87 cm), la concentración detectada es menor, pero la detección es más rápida (6,419 s) si el arreglo se ubica a 50 cm del origen de la fuga. El tiempo de detección se encuentra entre 13,515 s y 21,740 s y la máxima concentración detectada es de 98 ppm. El modelo de aprendizaje que mejor se adaptó es Support Vector Machine, con un RMSE de 4,61 ppm. Se concluye que la mejor posición para la detección de gas fue a una altura de 47 cm sobre el suelo, a una distancia de 50 cm del sensor y a un ángulo de 0°. El tiempo de detección es de 13,84 s. Por último, se concluye que 30 segundos de fuga no son suficientes para alcanzar el límite dañino (147 ppm).
... The first parameter required for the characterization of the MQ-series gas sensor circuit is R . This parameter is normally determined using the experimental method because the value varies from sensor to sensor (Rumantri, Khakim, and Iskandar, 2018;Shahid et al., 2018). The variation is because keeping the sensor manufacturing condition constant is not practically achievable. ...
Background: MQ-series gas sensors belong to the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) family of sensors that can sense the presence of many gases. These sensors find their application in gas alarm systems as key components. While necessary sensor circuit output voltage value for alarm point in a stand-alone gas alarm system is desirable, but what exact combination of the sensor circuit parameters is required? Hitherto, the determination of these circuit parameters has not been given much attention in the research community. Aim: the purpose of this work is to explore a structured graphical approach of determination of MQ series gas sensor circuit parameters for a stand-alone gas alarm system that yields desired sensor circuit output voltage value for the alarm point; the main objective of the study was to develop mathematical model equations that relate the: (i) sensor resistance (RS) with the gas concentration (x) and the sensor resistance at standard calibration concentration of the sensor base gas in the clean air (Ro) and (ii) sensor circuit output voltage (VRL), load resistance (RL) and sensor resistance (RS). It is expected from the model equations developed that graphical correlations of the sensor circuits parameters will be generated. Using these graphs for a particular case of an MQ-4 gas sensor under the influence of LPG, the parameters that yield desired sensor circuit output voltage of 2V for 1000 ppm of LPG alarm point will be determined. Methods: Model equations were developed for the sensor dynamics, and based on these model equations, graphs for the determination of required sensor parameters were plotted for a case of MQ-4 gas sensor response to LPG. Results and Discussion: The results yielded optimal values for R_O,R_S and R_L of 20 kΩ, 30 kΩ and 20 kΩ respectively, for alarm settings of 1000 ppm and a desired sensor circuit output voltage of 2 V. Based on determined parameters, the calibration equation for determination of best concentration value for a given value of emulated LPG concentration was developed. Using the method proposed in this study makes the process of determining the MQ-series gas sensor circuit parameters less cumbersome as their value can easily be obtained from the resulting graphs. Conclusions: a structured graphical approach for determination of MQ-series gas sensor circuit parameters for alarm points in a stand-alone gas alarm system showed that using MQ-4 gas sensor and LPG as the target gas, and for a sensor circuit output voltage of 2 V for alarm point at 1000 ppm of LPG, the corresponding value of R_O, R_S and R_L obtained were 20 kΩ, 30 kΩ, and 20 kΩ respectively. Hence, a structured graphical approach is suitable for determining MQ series gas sensor circuit parameters for a stand-alone gas alarm system under the influence of its associated gases.
... MQ-7 sensor primarily has six pins. Both pins A and B can be connected separately [13]. The specifications of the MQ-7 gas sensor are attached in Appendix-A. ...
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a prevalent and widely distributed air pollutant. Its detection and control in residential and industrial environments are essential in order to avoid potentially severe health consequences in people. The aim of this study was to conduct an air quality assessment by measuring CO concentrations using the MQ-7 Semiconductor Sensor. The MQ-7 sensor is a commonly accessible and cost-effective sensor with specific heating needs. The objectives of the study are to provide a method for implementing heater cycle requirements, equipment-less calibration, and the derivation of a formula for measuring CO concentrations in parts per million (ppm). A procedure for calibrating gas sensors is discussed, which involves measuring the sensing resistance and calculating the resistance ratio. The resistance ratio is then used to calculate the target gas concentration in ppm using a formula derived with the aid of Microsoft Excel, such that it represents the original CO characteristic curve provided in the sensor datasheet with greater accuracy. An N-channel MOSFET and Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) voltage were used to get the required heater voltage levels. The methodology developed for calibrating and deriving the equation to determine the target gas concentration can be used for any MQ semiconductor sensor and does not require any special equipment.
... The MOX semiconductor gas sensor consists of a micro AL2O3 ceramic tube, a sensitive layer of tin dioxide (SnO2), and Nickel-Chromium alloys which serve as a heater coil. This sensor has 6 pins, 4 out of which are for signal and electrodes, while the remaining 2 are for heating coils [3][4][5]. The tin dioxide (SnO2) semiconductor is the sensor gas-sensitive portion [3,4,6,7] which has low conductivity in clean air [8]. ...
... This sensor has 6 pins, 4 out of which are for signal and electrodes, while the remaining 2 are for heating coils [3][4][5]. The tin dioxide (SnO2) semiconductor is the sensor gas-sensitive portion [3,4,6,7] which has low conductivity in clean air [8]. The principle of operation of these sensors is based on the variation of their resistance when they come in contact with the gas to be sensed [7,9,10]. ...
... To calibrate MOX semiconductor gas sensors the following sensor parameters must be known: sensor activation voltage ( CC ), sensor electrical equivalent circuit output voltage ( R ), the sensor resistance for referent gas concentration and environmental conditions (temperature and humidity) ( ) [15], the sensor resistance ( S ) and load resistance ( L ) [3]. The value of O is not explicitly given in the sensor datasheet; therefore, it has to be determined experimentally [3]. ...
... Innovation of air quality detector in passenger car using IoT compositions in the air will affected the air quality level (Rumantri et al., 2018). The use of carbon dioxide sensors inside cars is a good way of controlling the ventilation but it's also possible to detect people inside a parked vehicle. ...
The internet of things (IoT), is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction (Gismalla Abdullah, 2017). The internet of things helps people live and work smarter as well as gain complete control over their lives. A passenger car is a road motor vehicle, intended for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine persons. The problems occur in passenger car when there is no device that monitor the quality of air in the car’s cabins. Air Quality Detector is an automatic system that being developed to send the value of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) level in car to LCD display and Blynk App. The existing low-end car do not have any system that can notify the passengers regarding the CO2 level in the car. As a solution, this innovation able to detect exact condition of carbon dioxide level in car to the LCD display and Blynk app to be warned by the passenger. Air Quality Detector has been simulated to run successfully in term of controlling and monitoring CO2 in the car.
... Another study was undertaken by Zhang and Chen (2006) respect to predicting particle distribution in a room with a different ventilation system, found that the movement of the air from the lower part of the room to the upper part was due to the heat generated by the human body [23]. In addition, the Shinyei sensor was built with black case colour for the maximum absorbance of infrared light from the LED because scattering reflection might disrupt the sensitivity of the Shinyei sensor [24]. Fig. 3 compares the PM10 concentrations using the same sensor (Shinyei PPD42NS) as a control sensor. ...
