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![Births, by Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United States, each state and territory, 2013 [By place of residence] Origin of mother](profile/Sally-Curtin/publication/320299754/figure/tbl1/AS:730316016730112@1551132315229/Births-by-Hispanic-origin-of-mother-and-by-race-for-mothers-of-non-Hispanic-origin.png)
Births, by Hispanic origin of mother, and by race for mothers of non-Hispanic origin: United States, each state and territory, 2013 [By place of residence] Origin of mother
Source publication
OBJECTIVES: This report presents 2013 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, marital status, attendant at birth, method of delivery, period of gestation, birthweight, and plurality. Birth and fertility rates are presented by age, live-birth...
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Objectives:
This report presents 2012 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, marital status, attendant at birth, method of delivery, period of gestation, birthweight, and plurality. Birth and fertility rates are presented by age, live-birt...
The rate of preterm birth has been increasing worldwide. Most preterm babies are at increased risk of central nervous system impairments as well as respiratory and gastrointestinal complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the trends in preterm birth and associated factors contributing to preterm delivery in Taiwan. Information on obs...
Citations
... In 2018, the birth rates for Black and Hispanic teenagers were more than twice as high as those for White teenagers. 5 Though a paucity of research exists in the literature, several studies have highlighted the lack of attention that has been given to understand the factors associated with these disparities and acknowledge the simplification of interpretation this leads to, making this a prevalent gap in the literature. 6 7 This gap is exacerbated by the ...
Objectives
This study aims to investigate the incidence, associated factors and interventions to address teen pregnancy involvement (TPI) among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) adolescents in North America.
Design
We conducted a scoping review of the literature, guided by the social-ecological model.
Data sources
Studies were retrieved from databases such as Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, CINAHL, CAB Direct and Google Scholar and imported into COVIDENCE for screening.
Eligibility criteria
The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping reviews protocol guided the establishment of eligibility criteria. Included studies focused on rates, associated factors and interventions related to TPI among ACB boys and girls aged 10–19 in North America. The publication time frame was restricted to 2010–2023, encompassing both peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed studies with diverse settings.
Data extraction and synthesis
Data were extracted from 32 articles using a form developed by the principal author, focusing on variables aligned with the research question.
Results
The scoping review revealed a dearth of knowledge in Canadian and other North American literature on TPI in ACB adolescents. Despite an overall decline in teen pregnancy rates, disparities persist, with interventions such as postpartum prescription of long-acting birth control and teen mentorship programmes proving effective.
Conclusion
The findings highlight the need for increased awareness, research and recognition of male involvement in adolescent pregnancies. Addressing gaps in housing, employment, healthcare, sexual health education and health systems policies for marginalised populations is crucial to mitigating TPI among ACB adolescents.
Impact
The review underscores the urgent need for more knowledge from other North American countries, particularly those with growing ACB migrant populations.
... According to in 2014, the risk of birth weight greater than 4500 grams increases from 1.3% at 39-40 weeks to 2.9% at 41 weeks. (19) Regarding the prevalence of mode of delivery in this study, there is a limitation in directly associating the chosen mode of delivery with the prenatal diagnosis of macrosomia. In other words, we cannot necessarily conclude that the predominant mode of delivery was cesarean simply because it was a sample of macrosomics. ...
Objective: Evaluate the prevalence of macrosomic newborns (birth weight above 4000 grams) in a high-risk maternity from 2014 to 2019, as well as the maternal characteristics involved, risk factors, mode of delivery and associated outcomes, comparing newborns weighing 4000-4500 grams and those weighing above 4500 grams. Methods: This is an observational study, case-control type, carried out by searching for data in hospital's own system and clinical records. The criteria for inclusion in the study were all patients monitored at the service who had newborns with birth weight equal than or greater than 4000 grams in the period from January 2014 to December 2019, being subsequently divided into two subgroups (newborns with 4000 to 4500 grams and newborns above 4500 grams). After being collected, the variables were transcribed into a database, arranged in frequency tables. For treatment and statistical analysis of the data, Excel and R software were used. This tool was used to create graphs and tables that helped in the interpretation of the results. The statistical analysis of the variables collected included both simple descriptive analyzes as well as inferential statistics, with univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: From 2014 to 2019, 3.3% of deliveries were macrosomic newborns. The average gestational age in the birth was 39.4 weeks. The most common mode of delivery (65%) was cesarean section. Diabetes mellitus was present in 30% of the deliveries studied and glycemic control was absent in most patients. Among the vaginal deliveries, only 6% were instrumented and there was shoulder dystocia in 21% of the cases. The majority (62%) of newborns had some complication, with jaundice (35%) being the most common. Conclusion: Birth weight above 4000 grams had a statistically significant impact on the occurrence of neonatal complications, such as hypoglycemia, respiratory distress and 5th minute APGAR less than 7, especially if birth weight was above 4500 grams. Gestational age was also shown to be statistically significant associated with neonatal complications, the lower, the greater the risk. Thus, macrosomia is strongly linked to complications, especially neonatal complications. 2 Prevalence of macrosomic newborn and maternal and neonatal complications in a high-risk maternity.
... A study done in South Africa has reported the prevalence of AMA pregnancies as 17.5% [7] . There is a trend of rising average age at childbearing reported worldwide [8][9][10] . Delayed childbearing may be attributed to several reasons including late marriages, pursuit of academic and career opportunities, delayed conception due to subfertility, ineffective or lack of birth control, desire for large family size, and longer life expectancy [11,12] . ...
Background: Delayed childbearing is believed to be associated with an increased rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes, when compared with early childbearing. Objective: This study aimed to determine the incidence of advanced maternal age pregnancies and to evaluate their pregnancy outcomes at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted over a one-year period from 1 st June 2022 to 31 st May 2023. The study population were women ≥ 35 years, with singleton pregnancy, who were delivered ≥ 28 weeks of gestation. An equal number of women 20-34 years were used as control. Information was extracted from the hospital records. Data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows version 23. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. The magnitude of an association was measured using Odds Ratio at 95% confidence interval where appropriate and the level of significance was set at P value of < 0.05. Results: There were 1687 deliveries during the study period out of which 423 were advanced maternal age pregnancies, giving an incidence of 25.1%. There was a significant association between multiparity (Para ≥ 1) (OR 1.744; P=0.0001), history of previous caesarean delivery (OR 1.594; P=0.037) and decreased episiotomy rate (OR 2.444; P=0.020) with advanced maternal age pregnancy. Significant findings of preterm birth, mode of delivery, type of labour, cephalopelvic disproportion, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, placenta previa, pregnancy-induced hypertension and low birth weight, were no longer significant following multivariate logistics regression analysis. Conclusion: Advanced maternal age pregnancy was common in our setting, it was significantly associated with multiparity, history of previous caesarean delivery and less likelihood to receive episiotomy. There was no significant association with preterm delivery, low birth weight babies, birth asphyxia and stillbirth rates.
... [12,13] After recognizing SIDS as an official cause of death in 2011, the World Health Organization created a category for it. [14] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports in 2017 showed that the incidence of SIDS in the United States was 35.4 per 100,000 live births, and in 2018, about 1300 deaths due to SIDS, 1300 deaths due to unknown causes, and 800 deaths due to accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed were recorded. [2,15,16] The death rate has a significant variation from 0.05 per 1000 in Hong Kong to 6.7 per 1000 in Native Americans. ...
BACKGROUND
Sudden infant death syndrome is the third leading cause of infant death in the first year of life and is one of the most important health problems around the world. The exact etiology of this phenomenon is not clear yet, but some risk factors, especially prone sleep positions, have been described. Fortunately, by modifying some environmental factors, the SIDS incidence might be decreased. Mothers’ and caregivers’ knowledge about this neglected event could be an important factor in determining SIDS prevalence.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric and neonatal specialty clinic of Bahar Shahroud Hospital in 2020. Five hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women of reproductive age (18 to 45 years) were included in the study. Assessment of mothers’ knowledge was done using a sudden infant death syndrome risk questionnaire. Statistical analysis of data was performed using independent t -test, Chi-square, and logistic regression.
RESULTS
The number of 527 pregnant women of childbearing age participated in our study. 81.9% were under 35 years old. According to the study, factors such as maternal age, mother’s level of education, number of pregnancies, and history of previous infant death syndrome had a significant relationship with the mother’s level of knowledge about infant death syndrome. The findings showed that the mother’s age is over 35 years old during pregnancy (CI: 0.95-0.46-OR: 1.53) and the level of education under a diploma (CI: 3.13-1.6: 06, OR: 1.86), and increasing parity is associated with a lower level of knowledge about infant death syndrome.
CONCLUSION
According to mothers’ lack of knowledge about SIDS and the availability of simple and cost-effective methods to prevent SIDS, improving mothers’ knowledge about this important event in pregnancy and postpartum, educational sessions are crucial.
... For example, the rate of premature deliveries at <37 weeks in the USA is around 9.63% [7]. Of them, 7% are at <28 weeks, and only <1% are born at ≤24 weeks of gestation [8]. Therefore, the experience of a specific hospital with the resuscitation of periviable infants may significantly vary according to its delivery room volume. ...
Background: Reports on the survival of infants born at periviable gestation (GA of ≤24 weeks and birth weight of <500 gm) vary significantly. We aimed to determine hospital factors associated with their survival and to assess the trend for the timing of postnatal mortality in these periviable infants. Methods: We utilized the de-identified National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). National data were analyzed for the years 2010–2018. Hospitals were categorized according to delivery volume, USA regions, and teaching status. Results: We identified 33,998,014 infants born during the study period; 76,231 infants were ≤24 weeks. Survival at birth and first 2 days of life was greatest in urban teaching hospitals in infants <24 weeks and those who completed 24 weeks, respectively. The Northeast region has the lowest survival rate. There was a significant delay in the postnatal day of mortality in periviable infants. Conclusions: Hospital factors are associated with increased survival rates. Improved survival in large teaching hospitals supports the need for the regionalization of care in infants born at the limits of viability. There was a significant delay in the postnatal mortality day.
... Numerous studies are being carried out to prevent premature births, which are the main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Cervical cerclage is one of the treatments used to prevent cervical insufficiency and associated preterm birth 7 . In 1955, Shirodkar, and shortly thereafter McDonald introduced cervical cerclage as a surgical method for recurrent second trimester losses. ...
Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of patients who underwent cervical cerclage and the contribution of this procedure to the continuation of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The records of patients who underwent cervical cerclage with McDonald method in the perinatology clinic of Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura City Hospital between October 2021 and September 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. The study included 58 cases diagnosed with cervical insufficiency in which cerclage was performed between the 14th and 25th weeks of pregnancy. According to the cerclage indication, patients were divided in two groups as elective cerclage (with history indication) and emergency cerclage (with physical examination and ultrasonography indication). Demographic characteristics, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of the cases were recorded. Results: Out of the 58 cases included in the study, 57 of them were singleton pregnancies, and one was a twin pregnancy. The patients' mean age was 29.7±5.3 years. The elective cerclage group consisted of 23 cases and the emergency cerclage group consisted of 35 cases. Among the patients applied cerclage, 8 (15.1%) delivered before 24 weeks, 5 (9.4%) delivered between 25-28 weeks, 3 (5.7%) delivered between 29-32 weeks, 10 (18.9%) delivered between 33-36 weeks, and 27 (50.9%) delivered at 37 weeks or later. Elective cerclage patients had a lower mean gestational age (15.6±2.5 weeks) compared to emergency cerclage patients (20.9±2.7 weeks), and the interval for elective cerclage (17.1±7.5 weeks) was statistically longer than that for emergency cerclage (12.6±6.9 weeks) (p: 0.031). Conclusion: In our study, it has been observed that both elective and emergency cerclage in patients with cervical insufficiency extend the duration of pregnancy, and reduce the incidence of second-trimester loss and preterm birth.
... The perinatal risk of twin pregnancies is significantly higher than the perinatal risk of singleton pregnancies, and preterm birth is the most important complication of twin pregnancies, with 50% of twin pregnancies delivered before 37 weeks and 10% before 32 weeks [1]. The rate of preterm birth in twin pregnancies is 12 times higher than in singleton pregnancies [2]. In the developed countries, about one-third of the very preterm deliveries (before 32 weeks of gestation) are twins . ...
The mode of delivery for twins born before 32 weeks of gestation remains controversial. Our purpose is to conduct a meta-analysis of twin pregnancies less than 32 weeks or twin weight less than 1500 g, so as to find a suitable delivery mode.
We searched PubMed database, Cochrane Library database, and EMBASE database through December 2022. This protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023386946) prior to initiation. Studies that compared vaginal delivery to cesarean section for newborns less than 32 weeks of gestation or birthweight under 1500 g were included. The primary result was neonatal mortality rate. Secondary result was neonatal morbidity. The quality of literatures included in the research was evaluated in accordance with Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) literature quality evaluation scale. We use odds ratio (OR) as the effect index for binary variables. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. P < 0. 05 indicated statistically significant difference.
Our search generated 5310 articles, and a total of 8 articles comprising a total of 14,703 newborns were included in the analysis. The odds ratios of neonatal mortality rate were for twins delivered by vaginal delivery compared to cesarean section were 0.84 (95% CI 0.57–1.24, P = 0.38). The 5-min Apgar score < 7 (95% CI 0.44–1.75, P = 0.72), necrotizing enterocolitis (95% CI 0.81–1.19, P = 0.82), intraventricular hemorrhage (95% CI 0.41–1.86, P = 0.71), periventricular leukomalacia (95% CI 0.16–4.52, P = 0.84), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (95% CI 0.88–1.36, P = 0.42), and respiratory distress syndrome (95% CI 0.23–2.01, P = 0.48) were not statistically significant between the two groups.
We have observed that vaginal delivery does not confer an increased risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality in twins born before 32 weeks of gestation. However, the current results are affected by substantial heterogeneity and confounding factors. We still need high-quality randomized-controlled studies require to address this important question.
... Induction of labor is one of the most common obstetrical procedures, accounting for more than 22% of deliveries. 1 Induction of labor often requires a long time to achieve vaginal delivery especially when the initial cervix is unfavorable. Previous studies showed mean induction to a vaginal delivery interval of 18 to 26 hours. ...
Objective:
To develop and externally validate a prediction model to calculate the likelihood of prolonged induction of labor (induction start to delivery time >36 hours).
Study design:
This was a retrospective cohort study of all nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies and vertex presentation at term who underwent induction of labor and had a vaginal delivery at a single academic center. Women with contraindications for vaginal delivery were excluded. Analyses were limited to women with unfavorable cervix (both simplified Bishop score [dilation, station, and effacement: range 0-9] <6 and cervical dilation <3 cm). Prolonged induction of labor was defined as the duration of induction (induction start time to delivery) longer than 36 hours. A backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with prolonged induction of labor by considering maternal characteristics and comorbidities as well as fetal conditions. The final model was validated using an external dataset of the Consortium on Safe Labor after applying the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. We developed a receiver observer characteristic curve with area under the curve (AUC) in validation cohorts.
Results:
Of 2,118 women, 364 (17%) had prolonged induction of labor. Factors associated with prolonged induction of labor included body mass index at admission, hypertension, fetal conditions, and epidural. Factors including younger maternal age, prelabor rupture of membranes, and a more favorable simplified Bishop score were associated with a decreased likelihood of prolonged induction of labor. In the external validation cohort, 4,418 women were analyzed, of whom 188 (4%) had prolonged induction of labor. The AUC of the final model was 0.76 (95%CI 0.73-0.80) for the external validation cohort. The online calculator was created and is available at https://medstarapps.org/obstetricriskcalculator.
Conclusion:
Our externally validated model was efficient in predicting prolonged induction of labor with an unfavorable cervix.
... which is significantly lower than the national average reported rate of 9.57-10.23%. 1,18,19 The incidence of infants considered SGA and LGA from this cohort was 5.2% (95% CI, 0.042-0.064) and 4.8% (95% CI, 0.040-0.058), ...
... 27 This cohort of AYA demonstrates similar rates of preeclampsia, GDM, and PROM to national data but a lower rate of preterm labor and pregnancy loss in comparison to national data. 1,18,19,[28][29][30][31] These data support the notion that expanded health care access may improve initiation of PNC in AYA and thus improve maternal outcomes. ...
Objective
To determine if universal access to care for military beneficiaries improves timing of presentation to prenatal care (PNC) in adolescent and young adult (AYA) pregnancies, improving maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Study Design
Retrospective descriptive cohort study, which assessed PNC initiation in eligible military beneficiaries: dependent daughters, active-duty women, and active-duty spouses aged 13 to 26 between January 2015 and December 2019, and subsequent adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Results
The cohort included 4,557 eligible pregnancies and 4,044 mothers aged 13 to 26. Late entry to PNC was not associated with gestational diabetes, prolonged rupture of membranes, pregnancy loss, elective abortion, substance use, or premature labor. Younger age was significantly associated with substance use, elective abortion, and sexually transmitted infection. There were 2,107 eligible newborns. There was no significant difference in gestational age at birth, incidence of prematurity, birthweight percentile, or occurrence of a neonatal intensive care unit admission based on maternal age. In comparison to published national outcomes, there was a significantly smaller occurrence of preterm (5.3% vs. 9.57-10.23%, 95% CI, 4.4-6.4%), small for gestational age (5.2% vs. 10-13%, 95% CI, 4.3-6.2%), and large for gestational age (4.8% vs. 9%, 95% CI, 4.0-5.8%) births, but a higher occurrence of neonatal intensive care unit admissions (16.9% vs. 7.8-14.4%, 95% CI, 15.4-18.6%) in infants born to military beneficiaries.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that expanded universal access to health care may improve AYA pregnancy and delivery outcomes. Infants born to AYA military beneficiaries have improved neonatal outcomes compared to nationally published data. These results may correlate to improved maternal access within a free or low-cost healthcare system.
... [3][4][5] Although rates of PTB and LBW have decreased in recent years, striking disparities persist across racialized groups for both outcomes. 1,6,7 For example, in 2013, the PTB rate for black infants was roughly 6 percentage points higher than in white infants (16.3% vs. 10.2%) and the rate of LBW was similarly elevated among black versus white infants (13.1% vs. 7.0%). 7 Observed racialized disparities in PTB and LBW may partially explain widening inequality in infant mortality, with black infants having a 2.3 times higher mortality rate than white infants. ...
Introduction: Reproductive policies' impact on disparities in neonatal outcomes is understudied. Thus, we aimed to assess whether an index of reproductive autonomy is associated with black-white disparities in preterm birth (PTB) and low birthweight (LBW).
Methods: We used publicly available state-level PTB and LBW data for all live-births among persons aged 15–44 from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. The independent measure was an index of state laws characterizing each state's reproductive autonomy, ranging from 5 (most restrictive) to 43 (most enabling), used continuously and as quartiles. Linear regression was performed to evaluate the association between both the index score (continuous, primary analysis; quartiles, secondary analysis) and state-level aggregated black-white disparity rates in PTB and LBW per 100 live births.
Results: Among 10,297,437 black (n=1,829,051 [17.8%]) and white (n=8,468,386 [82.2%]) births, rates of PTB and LBW were 6.46 and 8.24 per 100, respectively. Regression models found that every 1-U increase in the index was associated with a −0.06 (confidence interval [CI]: −0.10 to −0.01) and −0.05 (CI: −0.08, to −0.01) per 100 lower black-white disparity in PTB and LBW rates (p<0.05, p<0.01), respectively. The most enabling quartiles were associated with −1.21 (CI: −2.38 to −0.05) and −1.62 (CI: −2.89 to −0.35) per 100 lower rates of the black-white disparity in LBW, compared with the most restrictive quartile (both p<0.05).
Conclusion: Greater reproductive autonomy is associated with lower rates of state-level disparities in PTB and LBW. More research is needed to better understand the importance of state laws in shaping racialized disparities, reproductive autonomy, and birth outcomes.
