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![Biogas plant integrated with Sabatier process in the Gasendal plant: a methane is fed to Sabatier reactor; b only carbon dioxide and hydrogen are fed to the Sabatier reactor [127]](publication/337954590/figure/fig15/AS:962402103349248@1606465950154/Biogas-plant-integrated-with-Sabatier-process-in-the-Gasendal-plant-a-methane-is-fed-to.png)
Biogas plant integrated with Sabatier process in the Gasendal plant: a methane is fed to Sabatier reactor; b only carbon dioxide and hydrogen are fed to the Sabatier reactor [127]
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![Installed PtG capacity [13]](publication/337954590/figure/fig2/AS:962402090766341@1606465947147/Installed-PtG-capacity-13_Q320.jpg)
![Schematic presentation of gasification process [112]](publication/337954590/figure/fig4/AS:962402090749967@1606465947552/Schematic-presentation-of-gasification-process-112_Q320.jpg)
![Gasification process with oxygen integrated with Sabatier process [118]](publication/337954590/figure/fig5/AS:962402090766351@1606465947690/Gasification-process-with-oxygen-integrated-with-Sabatier-process-118_Q320.jpg)
The power to gas process chain could play a significant role in the future energy system. Renewable electric energy can be transformed into storable methane via electrolysis and methanation. In the process, three water electrolysis technologies can be considered: alkaline, PEM and solid oxide. Alkaline electrolysis is currently the cheapest technol...
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Treatment and disposal of sewage sludge is still a worldwide challenging problem. Improper sludge treatment results in severe environmental impact and endangering public health. Moreover, sewage sludge disposal is a cost-intensive process. Therefore, pathogen removal and solid reduction are indispensable for sludge disposal management. In this stud...
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... 10 Several studies showed the techno-economic feasibility of the direct biogas methanation, which can be operated both catalytically over several metallic catalysts and via biological processes. 9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] However, just a few plants operated the reaction on site at a reasonable size, while more studies report about the methanation of biogas-derived CO 2 (i.e., after upgrading). [18][19][20] Specht et al. ...
This study reports the design and operation of a power-to-gas system producing 240 kW of synthetic natural gas (SNG) from biogas and PV electricity. The system is composed of a solar field, an electrolyser, a plate-type heat exchanger methanation reactor and the required ancillary units. Biogas is cleaned from undesired components (such as H2S) and the raw gas including methane and CO2 is directly processed in the reactor. The process consumes biogas and renewable electricity to produce SNG and high-pressure steam from the methanation waste heat. The process efficiency in this configuration is 76%. The methanation reactor produces grid compliant SNG in all the load cases tested and in all the biogas composition cases. The reactor shows an excellent flexibility at the start-up, as grid-compliant SNG is produced in less than 10 minutes from feed start in hot-standby. Additionally, the reactor adapts in few minutes to load changes. The reactor is modelled to better understand the origin of the excellent performance in the biogas methanation reaction. It was found that the plate-type heat exchanger operated with boiling water as cooling is an ideal solution for the methanation reaction as it approximates well the optimal reaction pathway in terms of temperature and conversion profile. Large cooling is available where needed, preventing the operation at too high temperature. Isothermal conditions are established at the end of the reactor, allowing reaching the required high conversion.
... The conversion of excess electricity into an energetic gas enables the integration of electric and gas networks. Thus, surplus electric power can produce hydrogen using water electrolyzers and store/transform this gas or distribute it in the natural gas network [18] or an independent specialized gas network. ...
... Renewable energies are considered an alternative for reducing CO 2 global emissions, presenting great advantages when considering decentralized energy production because of their lower transmission costs and lower exposure to cascading failures [3]. This feature power can produce hydrogen using water electrolyzers and store/transform this gas or distribute it in the natural gas network [18] or an independent specialized gas network. ...
Hydrogen is one of the main energy carriers playing a prominent role in the future decarbonization of the economy. However, several aspects regarding the transport and storage of this gas are challenging. The intermediary conversion of hydrogen into high-density energy molecules may be a crucial step until technological conditions are ready to attain a significant reduction in fossil fuel use in transport and the industrial sector. The process of transforming hydrogen into methane by anaerobic digestion is reviewed, showing that this technology is a feasible option for facilitating hydrogen storage and transport. The manuscript focuses on the role of anaerobic digestion as a technology driver capable of fast adaptation to current energy needs. The use of thermophilic systems and reactors capable of increasing the contact between the H2-fuel and liquid phase demonstrated outstanding capabilities, attaining higher conversion rates and increasing methane productivity. Pressure is a relevant factor of the process, allowing for better hydrogen solubility and setting the basis for considering feasible underground hydrogen storage concomitant with biological methanation. This feature may allow the integration of sequestered carbon dioxide as a relevant substrate.
... Methanation can be performed through thermal, chemical, electrochemical, biological or bioelectrochemical processes (Geppert et al., 2016). Moreover, it can be efficiently coupled with a biogas upgrading unit for cheap CO 2 supply (Leonzio, 2019). This possibility opened the way to the idea of a distributed PtX application in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), instead of centralized plants that would require huge piping of water and/or gaseous reactive streams (Inkeri et al., 2016). ...
Bioelectrochemical power-togas represents a novel solution for electrical energy storage, currently under development. It allows storing renewable energy surplus in the form of methane (CH 4), while treating wastewater, therefore bridging the electricity and natural gas (and wastewater) grids. The technology can be coupled with membrane contactors for carbon dioxide (CO 2) capture, dissolving the CO 2 in wastewater before feeding it to the bioelectrochemical system. This way, the integrated system can achieve simultaneous carbon capture and energy storage objectives, in the scenario of a wastewater treatment plant application. In this study, such technology was developed in a medium-scale prototype (32 L volume), which was operated for 400 days in different conditions of temperature, voltage and CO 2 capture rate. The prototype achieved the highest CH 4 production rate (147 ± 33 L m −3 d −1) at the lowest specific energy consumption (1.0 ± 0.3 kWh m −3 CH 4) when operated at 25 • C and applying a voltage of 0.7 V, while capturing and converting 22 L m −3 d −1 of CO 2. The produced biogas was nearer to biomethane quality (CH 4 > 90% v/v) when CO 2 was not injected in the wastewater. Traces of hydrogen (H 2) in the biogas, detectable during the periods of closed electrical circuit operation, indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was taking place at the cathode. On the other hand, a relevant CH 4 production during the periods of open electrical circuit operation confirmed the presence of acetoclastic methanogenic microorganisms in the microbial community, which was dominated by the archaeal genus Methanothrix (Euryarchaeota). Different operational taxonomic units belonging to the bacterial Synergistes phylum were found at the anode and the cathode, having a potential role in organic matter degradation and H 2 production, respectively. In the panorama of methanation technologies currently available for power-togas , the performances of this bioelectrochemical prototype are not yet competitive, especially in terms of volumetric CH 4 production rate and power density demand. However, the possibility to obtain a high-quality biogas (almost reaching biomethane quality standards) at a minimal energy consumption represents a potentially favorable business scenario for this technology.
The valorisation of biogas is a key for circular economy. This study provides an integrated techno-economic-environmental analysis of the most common technologies for the integration of biogas valorisation in the...
