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Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a group of bacteria that has the ability to enhance plant growth and yield via various plant growth promoting substances as well as biofertilizers. Ten bacterial isolates screened from rhizosphere of maize growing at Indo-Gangetic plain of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India showed potential nutrients solubil...
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The present study explored the eco-friendly approach of utilizing plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation and foliar application of silicon (Si) to improve the physiology, growth, and yield of mung bean under saline conditions. We isolated 18 promising PGPR from natural saline soil in Saudi Arabia, and screened them for plant-growth...
The rhizosphere harbors abundant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that are vital for plant health. In this study, we screened growth-promoting bacteria from tomato rhizosphere soil, verified their functions, and constructed the optimal combination of growth-promoting bacteria for promoting tomato growth. Furthermore, the effects of these...
A study was conducted to find out the microbial diversity of the rhizosphere of wheat and screening of the effective PGPR isolate with multiple traits under saline soil conditions. Total 59 rhizobacteria were isolated from rhizosphere using different media viz., NA, King’s B medium, and Jensen’s medium while predominant genera found were Pseudomona...
There are many bacteria classified as growth enhancer in plants which known as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR can directly induce plant growth by producing of phytohormone Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA). The objective of this study was to obtain bacterial isolates of IAA producing rhizobacteria from red onion rhizosphere and to chara...
Plant growth promoting bacteria are bacteria that colonize the root surfaces and closely adhere to the soil interface, known as the rhizosphere. In the present study PGPRâs were isolated from agricultural field of wheat (Triticum aestivum) Salouni and Ladraur sites of Hamirpur district of Himachal Pradesh. Total 20 bacterial isolates were isolate...
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... This, in turn, leads to increased plant growth, higher yields, and improved produce quality [8]. The combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and bacteria significantly increased the plant biomass tomato compared to individual inoculations, indicating synergistic interactions between these microorganisms [1,[9][10][11][12][13]. Pre-sowing inoculation of both planting material and the growth medium with a consortium of beneficial microorganisms represents an innovative approach to produce high-quality and disease-resistant seedlings in horticultural production. ...
The experiment, conducted during the 2018-20 rabi season at Assam Agricultural University's Experimental Farm in Jorhat, encompassed four different media compositions and two crops, yielding eight treatment combinations. These treatments were arranged in a RBD with three replications. The results demonstrated that the choice of seedling growth media had a significant impact on the performance of both tomato and cabbage seedlings. Tomato seedlings exhibited superior performance when nurtured in plug trays with a growth medium consisting of 50% coconut and 50% vermicompost (M2). These seedlings displayed higher emergence rates, enhanced growth, and increased yields. For cabbage seedlings, the most effective medium consisted of 50% coconut, 50% vermicompost, and a microbial consortium (M3). Notably, both M2 and M3 media formulations also showcased superior field performance. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of carefully selecting seedling growth media to enhance crop productivity. It recommends the use of M2 for tomato seedlings and M3 for cabbage seedlings to maximize performance. Further research and field trials are recommended to validate these findings across different growing conditions. Ultimately, the research highlights the potential for tailored seedling growth media to significantly increase the agricultural productivity and yield.
... It involves controlled seed hydration, enabling the onset of metabolic events before germination without protrusion from the root (Tanou et al., 2012;Hussain et al., 2016;Farooq et al., 2019;Mirmazloum et al., 2020). Seed priming can improve seedling emergence and stand establishment, induce early flowering, reduce seed dormancy, enhance nutrient uptake, and improve crop yield (Harris et al., 2007;Rehman et al., 2011;Singh et al., 2015;Ullah et al., 2019). Seed priming can also mitigate the adverse effects of various abiotic (salinity, drought, flooding, high temperature, high irradiance) and biotic (phytopathogens) stresses (Kausar and Ashraf, 2003;Basra et al., 2005;Guan et al., 2009;Sharma et al., 2014;Kumar et al., 2016). ...
The prevalence of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) caused by electromagnetic radiation is increasing in our daily lives, potentially bringing both adverse and beneficial effects. EMFs have garnered significant research attention in various disciplines, including agricultural science. However, our understanding of the impact of EMFs on the ecophysiological performance of plants under suboptimal conditions is limited. Despite this, there are indications that EMFs can improve crop productivity by enhancing seed germination, plant nutrition, precision farming, water use efficiency, root hydraulic conductance, plant water uptake, anti-oxidative defense , pest prevention, stress signaling, and hormonal pathways. This review highlights the practical application of EMFs for increasing plant biomass production by elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved in seed germination, plant growth, water relations, ion flux, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense. We also highlight the prospects for using EMFs in sustainable agriculture and their potential to alleviate the conventional agricultural pressures related to food security issues.
... Bacteria with PGP attributes, for instance, are key soil components able to establish beneficial associations with plants [46]. Additionally, bacteria are the most studied group of microorganisms under drought stress conditions, including the genera Acinetobacter, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Beijerinckia, Brevundimonas, Burkholderia, Clostridium, Delftia, Duganella, Erwinia, Enterobacter, Flavobacterium, Hydrogenophaga, Methylobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pantoea, Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Rhizobium, Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Streptoccoccus, and Streptomyces [85][86][87][88][89]. ...
Drought generates a complex scenario worldwide in which agriculture should urgently be reframed from an integrative point of view. It includes the search for new water resources and the use of tolerant crops and genotypes, improved irrigation systems, and other less explored alternatives that are very important, such as biotechnological tools that may increase the water use efficiency. Currently, a large body of evidence highlights the role of specific strains in the main microbial rhizosphere groups (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, yeasts, and bacteria) on increasing the drought tolerance of their host plants through diverse plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics. With this background, it is possible to suggest that the joint use of distinct PGP microbes could produce positive interactions or additive beneficial effects on their host plants if their co-inoculation does not generate antagonistic responses. To date, such effects have only been partially analyzed by using single omics tools, such as genomics, metabolomics, or proteomics. However, there is a gap of information in the use of multi-omics approaches to detect interactions between PGP and host plants. This approach must be the next scale-jump in the study of the interaction of soil–plant–microorganism. In this review, we analyzed the constraints posed by drought in the framework of an increasing global demand for plant production, integrating the important role played by the rhizosphere biota as a PGP agent. Using multi-omics approaches to understand in depth the processes that occur in plants in the presence of microorganisms can allow us to modulate their combined use and drive it to increase crop yields, improving production processes to attend the growing global demand for food.
... The selection of maize-associated cultivable PGPM has been focused on the bacteria (rhizobacteria and endophytes) over the years (Alves et al., 2014(Alves et al., , 2021de Sousa et al., 2021;Hungria et al., 2010;Ikeda et al., 2020;Nascimento et al., 2021;Singh et al., 2015). Significant technological improvements are already achieved, and some strains are now available in the market (de Sousa et al., 2021;Hungria et al., 2010). ...
Yeasts are potential plant-growth-promoting microbes; however, this resource is underexploited, mainly in the semiarid regions worldwide. In the present study, we isolated potentially endophytic yeasts from roots of field-grown maize and characterized them at molecular, biochemical, and associative levels. Thirteen yeasts were retrieved, and the ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 region sequences identified them within the Meyerozyma genus. The phylogenetic analyses showed that 12 out of 13 strains were closely related to M. guilliermondii Cbs 2030T and ESA 35 to M. caribbica CBS 9966T. All yeasts synthesized indolic compounds and were favorable for siderophore production, and eleven proteolytic and seven amylolytic Mayerozyma spp. were identified. The principal component analysis positively correlated the in vitro characteristics and the maize growth promotion, highlighting six promising strains. Our results indicated that the maize-associated yeasts from the genus Meyerozyma are potential tools for inoculant production for plant growth promotion.
... These results confirmed the previous investigations: Kumar-Meena et al. (2015) who showed that the phosphorus solubilization index of rhizobia nodulating pea (Pisum sativum) varies from 2.1 to 4.1. Similarly, Marra et al. (2011) who reported that rhizobia stains were able to solubilize, in both liquid and solid media, different forms of phosphorus like CaHPO4, Al(H 2 PO 4 ) 3 and FePO 4. 2H 2 O. Others studies showed that strains of Rhizobium had greater potential to solubilize tri-calcium phosphate comparing to Bradyrhizobium strains (Qureshi et al., 2012;Verma et al., 2014;Singh et al., 2015). ...
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important leguminous for the agricultural sector. It is a source of biological nitrogen that efficiently contributes to the soil fertility. In Tunisia, low pea production is due to bad nitrogen management, lack of phosphorus availability and to the abiotic constraints. Thus, in order to improve the pea production ,a new farming technique involving the rhizobia inoculation was applied. The symbiotic, biochemical, physiological characterization and inoculation trials were performed in both the laboratory, greenhouse and open field. Pea Lincoln variety was used as legume species and fifteen Rhizobium strains isolated from the roots of the nodulated pea were collected from different Tunisian areas. Several physiological and biochemical parameters, i.e. pH, temperature, calcium carbonate and salinity were assessed to characterize the strains nodulating pea. All the rhizobia tests were evaluated on Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar medium (YEMA). Pea nodulation and Gallery API test were carried out under controlled conditions. Significant differences (p<0.01) between the nodules number induced by the different bacterial strains and between strains for the dry matter quantities of aerial and root parts were registered. The pH medium test results showed that among 15 strains only 8 strains having a halo diameter greater than 1 cm at basic pH. The most of isolates are able to grow at both low and high temperatures. The limestone test results qualify these rhizobia as calcifuges. Gallery API test results showed a great diversity of rhizobia assimilation of carbohydrates implying genetic diversity. Our results us to select the most efficient solubilizer Rhizobium strains nodulating pea. In order to confirm the previously cited notions on the diversity of Rhizobium strains isolated from Pisum sativum roots in Tunisia, inoculation trial with both selected strains in controlled and open field conditions confirmed the capacity of selected strains to fix atmospheric nitrogen and promote plant growth.
... These results confirmed the previous investigations: Kumar-Meena et al. (2015) who showed that the phosphorus solubilization index of rhizobia nodulating pea (Pisum sativum) varies from 2.1 to 4.1. Similarly, Marra et al. (2011) who reported that rhizobia stains were able to solubilize, in both liquid and solid media, different forms of phosphorus like CaHPO4, Al(H 2 PO 4 ) 3 and FePO 4. 2H 2 O. Others studies showed that strains of Rhizobium had greater potential to solubilize tri-calcium phosphate comparing to Bradyrhizobium strains (Qureshi et al., 2012;Verma et al., 2014;Singh et al., 2015). ...
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important leguminous for the agricultural sector. It is a source of biological nitrogen that efficiently contributes to the soil fertility. In Tunisia, low pea production is due to bad nitrogen management, lack of phosphorus availability and to the abiotic constraints. Thus, in order to improve the pea production ,a new farming technique involving the rhizobia inoculation was applied. The symbiotic, biochemical, physiological characterization and inoculation trials were performed in both the laboratory, greenhouse and open field. Pea Lincoln variety was used as legume species and fifteen Rhizobium strains isolated from the roots of the nodulated pea were collected from different Tunisian areas. Several physiological and biochemical parameters, i.e. pH, temperature, calcium carbonate and salinity were assessed to characterize the strains nodulating pea. All the rhizobia tests were evaluated on Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar medium (YEMA). Pea nodulation and Gallery API test were carried out under controlled conditions. Significant differences (p
... The results concerning potassium substrate/root/shoot translocation showed an effective K collection from the peat:sand substrate, accelerated by consortia AMF + AZ 50 and AMF + AZ 70. According to Singh et al. [89], K acquisition from soils with low soluble K concentration can be enhanced by mycorrhizal symbiosis. In the present research, the negative correlation observed for K in the substrate and in tomato leaves indicated the existence of microbial-assisted release and K uptake. ...
Plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) play vital roles in maintaining crop fitness and soil health in stressed environments. Research have included analysis-based cultivation of soil-microbial-plant relationships to clarify microbiota potential. The goal of the research was to (i) evaluate the symbiotic microorganism effects on tomato seedling fitness under stressed conditions simulating a fragile soil susceptible to degradation; (ii) compare the plant-microbial interactions after inoculation with microbial isolates and fungi-bacteria consortia; (iii) develop an effective crop-microbial network, which improves soil and plant status. The experimental design included non-inoculated treatments with peat and sand at ratios of 50:50, 70:30, 100:0 (v:v), inoculated treatments with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Azospirillum brasilense (AZ) using the aforementioned peat:sand ratios; and treatment with peat co-inoculated with AMF and Saccharothrix tamanrassetensis (S). AMF + AZ increased root fresh weight in peat substrate compared to the control (4.4 to 3.3 g plant –1 ). An increase in shoot fresh weight was detected in the AMF + AZ treatment with a 50:50 peat:sand ratio (10.1 to 8.5 g plant ⁻¹ ). AMF + AZ reduced antioxidant activity (DPPH) (18–34%) in leaves, whereas AMF + S had the highest DPPH in leaves and roots (45%). Total leaf phenolic content was higher in control with a decreased proportion of peat. Peroxidase activity was enhanced in AMF + AZ and AMF + S treatments, except for AMF + AZ in peat. Microscopic root assays revealed the ability of AMF to establish strong fungal-tomato symbiosis; the colonization rate was 78–89%. AMF + AZ accelerated K and Mg accumulation in tomato leaves in treatments reflecting soil stress. To date, there has been no relevant information regarding the successful AMF and Saccharothrix co-inoculation relationship. This study confirmed that AMF + S could increase the P, S, and Fe status of seedlings under high organic C content conditions. The improved tomato growth and nutrient acquisition demonstrated the potential of PGPM colonization under degraded soil conditions.
... Its production reached around 500 million tons in the period (FAO 2018. During some years, have been carried out studies about the interaction of Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) bacteria with rice, because these bacteria produce a beneficial effect on the growth and development of plants, based on a set of direct and biocontrol mechanisms that act simultaneously (Glick 2012;Singh et al. 2015). In the first group of mechanisms are those that increase the availability and absorption of nutrients by the plant, and the production and release of secondary metabolites with phytostimulation activity (Zahir et al. 2004). ...
Bacteria from the rhizobia group have been previously identified as grass-endophytes in grassland with cropping history of legumes. In this paper we aimed to demonstrate that strains of the Rhizobium genus, isolated from the rhizosphere of a rice Cuban cultivar subjected to intensive monoculture management, behave as endophytes and promote its growth. Eleven bacteria previously isolated from the rhizosphere of rice plants, were screened for their plant growth promoting traits. We found that some of them were able to solubilize inorganic phosphate compounds, produce siderophores and biofilm, have exocellulase and protease activity and were able to inhibit the phytopathogen Pyricularia oryzae growth. The phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of 16S rRNA gene showed that bacteria isolated from rice plant of cultivar INCA LP-5 belonged to Rhizobium, Agrobacterium and Pseudomonas genera. Two strains analyzed, Rhizobium sp. Rpr2 and Rdp16, increased the height and biomass of rice plants, 70 days post-inoculation in greenhouse conditions. According to the quantification of Rhizobium sp. strain Rpd16 in surface-disinfected tissues of root and sheath, together with the analysis of confocal microscopy images, we can conclude that the Rdp16 strain is a rice endophyte of the cultivar INCA LP-5. This investigation is the first evidence of endophytic rhizobia able to promote the rice growth of a Cuban cultivar subjected to intensive monoculture, without rotation with legume plants and without a previous history of rhizobia inoculation.
... About 98% of K remains in the soil as unavailable forms as K-feldspars, phyllosilicates and organic K (Andrist-Rangel et al., 2007). Besides, soil erosion, leaching and run off, imbalance fertilizer application and use of modern crop varieties for higher crop production decrease the content of available K in soils (Sheng and Huang 2002a;Maurya et al., 2014;Singh et al., 2015). The major potassic fertilizer, muriate of potash (MoP) is highly expensive and not affordable by the resource-poor farmers in the developing countries. ...
... The omission to apply potassium on a regular basis results in a decrease in the amount of potassium available in soil reservoirs (Raj et al., 2020). Across major states of India imbalance fertilizer application causes potassium deficiency that becomes one of the major constraints in the crop production (Meena et al., 2015a, b;Singh et al. 2015). As potassium is extremely mobile within the plant, it helps to regulate the opening and closing of stomata in the leaves and uptake of water by root cells. ...
Potassium is long been neglected plant nutrient in Indian agriculture. Major states only emphasize on nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization and it creates potassium deficiency in soil. The Indian soil categorized into three group i.e., low, medium and high potassium status that based on 11 million soil sample data over 371 districts. 21% soil has low potassium status, 51% medium and 28% high potassium status. 72% soil has a low to medium potassium status and it requires external potassium application to optimize the crop yield. During past 40 years (1960-2000) the potassium consumption has increased 2.5 folds. The annual potassium mining in India is reported-10.2 Mt and it depleted the soil potassium reserves due to inadequate application of potassic fertilizers. All major states of India show the negative net balance of potassium that indicates removal of potassium much more than the external addition of potassium. The main drawbacks of potassium depletion are that it reduces crop productivity, stunted growth, crop lodging, yellowing of old leaves, scorching symptoms takes place on the leaf margin as well as it also hampers the major metabolic function. There are several management strategies to overcome the potassium mining at some extent excluding potassic fertilizer application.
