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Bio-scoured non-spinnable cotton (A short staple cotton; B cotton Linters; C non-woven cotton fabric)
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In the present study, we isolated and identified a new fungus, Aspergillus sp VM-1 from banana pseudostem waste. The fungal strain, Aspergillus sp. VM-1 was grown on a substrate (banana pseudostem, cottonseed hulls and cottonseed meal in the ratio of 60:30:10, respectively) for 7 days and the crude enzyme was extracted from the fermented substrate....
Similar publications
Fruit and vegetable biomass or waste material is highly nutritious in nature. Most of these wastes are with lignocellulosic, rich in sugars and other nutrients suitable for the production of industrially important enzymes. Pectinase is an enzyme used to hydrolyse pectin, a polysaccharide present in plant cell wall for its rigidity. Pectinases are a...
Citations
... The crude enzyme of Aspergillus sp. VM-1 grown in banana pseudostem waste had the ability to increase the absorbency of cotton linters [14]. The present study is aimed to prepare the MCC from cotton linters by deploying the crude enzyme of Aspergillus sp. ...
... The crude enzyme extracted from fungi Aspergillus sp. VM-1 and Pleurotus flabellatus M-1 under solid state fermentation of banana pseudostem has reduced the alkali usage significantly while increasing the absorbency of cotton linters [14,19,20]. The pectinase activity of the enzyme extract was 551 U/ml (results not shown) The present study is aimed to prepare MCC from cotton linters by treatment with crude enzyme extracted from Aspergillus sp. ...
... According to U.S.P.1980, ash content should not be more than 0.1%. In a similar study, the ash content of MCC prepared from cornhusk fibre was 0.05% [14]. "The cellulose content in MCC prepared from cotton linters was 98.05% and 91.95 % in enzymatic and chemical, respectively while 98.5% in Avicel® PH101. ...
Aims: The present work is aimed to prepare microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder from cotton linters by an eco-friendly bio-chemical process and to evaluate the prepared MCC as tablet excipients. Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Design. Place and Duration of Study: Ginning Training Center, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India during June to December, 2019. Methodology: The MCC was prepared from cotton linters by enzymatic and chemical methods and compared with commercial grade MCC (Avicel® PH101). The crude enzyme extract of Aspergillus sp. VM-1 was obtained by solid-state fermentation and used for hydrolysis of cotton linters at 60℃ for 60 min. In the chemical process, 10% alkali was used for hydrolysis at boiling temperature for 60 min. In both the processes, the hydrolyzed cotton linters were bleached with hydrogen peroxide. The MCC powders were characterized for physico-chemical and tableting properties based on Indian Pharmacopeia (IP) and Untied States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications. Results: The α-cellulose content (%) in the synthesized MCC by enzymatic process was 98.1 while the commercial grade MCC, Avicel® PH101 had 98.5. The physico-chemical properties of synthesized MCC by enzymatic process were comparable with Avicel PH101 and meet the IP standards. The degree of polymerization (DP) of prepared MCC and Avicel PH101 were 215 and 157, respectively. The FT-IR spectrum of synthesized MCC had similarity to that of Avicel® PH101. The tableting properties of prepared MCC met USP standards. The MCC prepared from cotton linters by enzymatic was found to be superior to chemical process with respect to cellulose yield, degree of polymerization and tablet dissolution property. Conclusion: The results showed MCC synthesized from cotton linters through enzymatic route is a promising candidate for direct compressible excipient of tablet. The present study highlights that the enzymatic process significantly reduces the alkali usage and heating temperature and thus saves the chemicals and energy in the process.
... Bioscouring, an environmentally friendly way of eliminating impurities from fabrics using enzymes, is one of the alternative processes that has been studied in recent years to improve scouring efficiency while lowering ecological impact. The conventional scouring method, which uses a harsh environment, is gradually being replaced by an enzyme-based method that is more environmentally friendly (Jagajanantha et al. 2022;Sharma et al. 2022). Bioscouring is a wettability-boosting method in which enzymes remove non-cellulosic sticky molecules from a piece of fabric without destroying its cellulose content, such as pectin, natural waxes, esters, grease, dirt, and oil. ...
... Bioscouring is a wettability-boosting method in which enzymes remove non-cellulosic sticky molecules from a piece of fabric without destroying its cellulose content, such as pectin, natural waxes, esters, grease, dirt, and oil. Bioscouring is a process in which enzymes remove non-cellulosic viscous compounds from a piece of fabric without degrading its cellulose content, such as pectin, natural waxes, esters, grease, dirt, oil, and so on, to boost the fabric's wettability (Jagajanantha et al. 2022;Pandit et al. 2022). Degumming and scouring have traditionally been done in alkaline and high-temperature environments (pH 10 and 95 °C). ...
Purpose
The textile industry’s previous chemical use resulted in thousands of practical particulate emissions, such as machine component damage and drainage system blockage, both of which have practical implications. Enzyme-based textile processing is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-hazardous, and water-saving. The purpose of this review is to give evidence on the potential activity of microbial cellulase in the textile industry, which is mostly confined to the realm of research.
Methods
This review was progressive by considering peer-reviewed papers linked to microbial cellulase production, and its prospective application for textile industries was appraised and produced to develop this assessment. Articles were divided into two categories based on the results of trustworthy educational journals: methods used to produce the diversity of microorganisms through fermentation processes and such approaches used to produce the diversity of microbes through microbial fermentation. Submerged fermentation (SMF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) techniques are currently being used to meet industrial demand for microbial cellulase production in the bio textile industry.
Results
Microbial cellulase is vital for increasing day to day due to its no side effect on the environment and human health becoming increasingly important. In conventional textile processing, the gray cloth was subjected to a series of chemical treatments that involved breaking the dye molecule’s amino group with Cl − , which started and accelerated dye(-resistant) bond cracking. A cellulase enzyme is primarily derived from a variety of microbial species found in various ecological settings as a biotextile/bio-based product technology for future needs in industrial applications.
Conclusion
Cellulase has been produced for its advantages in cellulose-based textiles, as well as for quality enhancement and fabric maintenance over traditional approaches. Cellulase’s role in the industry was microbial fermentation processes in textile processing which was chosen as an appropriate and environmentally sound solution for a long and healthy lifestyle.
... The absorbency of bioscoured cotton increased significantly 132 Bacillus subtilis SS Upon pectinase treatment whiteness, tensile strength, and tearness increased by 1.2%, 1.6%, and 3.0%, respectively, when compared with traditional scoring involving an alkali 133 Candida ...
Pectinases are a collection of multiple enzymes that have a common substrate, that is, pectin. They can act on different parts of pectin due to the structural het- erogeneity of pectin. Therefore, they have been placed in different groups, such as protopectinases, polygalacturonases, polymethylesterases, pectin lyases, and pectate lyases. They are naturally present both in multicellular organisms such as higher plants and in unicellular organisms such as microbes. In past decade, it has been witnessed that chemical and mechanical methods employed in indus- trial processes have led to environmental hazards and serious health disorders, thus increasing the search for eco-friendly approaches with minimal health risks. Hence, microbial enzymes have been extensively used as safer alternative for these environmentally unsafe methods. Among these microbial enzymes, pecti-nases hold great significance and is one of the principal enzymes that have been used commercially. It is predominantly used as a green biocatalyst for fruit, fiber, oil, textile, beverage, pulp, and paper industry. Thus, this review focuses on the structure of pectin, microbial sources of pectin, and principle industrial applications of pectinases.
KEYWORDS
green biocatalysts, industrial applications, pectinase
The fungal system holds morphological plasticity and metabolic versatility which makes it unique. Fungal habitat ranges from the Arctic region to the fertile mainland, including tropical rainforests, and temperate deserts. They possess a wide range of lifestyles behaving as saprophytic, parasitic, opportunistic, and obligate symbionts. These eukaryotic microbes can survive any living condition and adapt to behave as extremophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, or even psychrophile organisms. This behaviour has been exploited to yield microbial enzymes which can survive in extreme environments. The cost-effective production, stable catalytic behaviour and ease of genetic manipulation make them prominent sources of several industrially important enzymes. Pectinases are a class of pectin-degrading enzymes that show different mechanisms and substrate specificities to release end products. The pectinase family of enzymes is produced by microbial sources such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, plants, and animals. Fungal pectinases having high specificity for natural sources and higher stabilities and catalytic activities make them promising green catalysts for industrial applications. Pectinases from different microbial sources have been investigated for their industrial applications. However, their relevance in the food and textile industries is remarkable and has been extensively studied. The focus of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the current findings on fungal pectinases targeting diverse sources of fungal strains, their production by fermentation techniques, and a summary of purification strategies. Studies on pectinases regarding innovations comprising bioreactor-based production, immobilization of pectinases, in silico and expression studies, directed evolution, and omics-driven approaches specifically by fungal microbiota have been summarized.
