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Bio-implants. (a) Titanium based; (b) NiTi based; (c) CoCr based; (d) CoCr based manufactured by powder metallurgy (PM); (e) stainless steel based; (f) tantalum based. 128-130
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The trend of growth and global population expansion generate new issues in health care, demanding rapid solutions tailored to specific clinical needs. Additive manufacturing is a rapidly evolving technology for biomedical applications and metal implant fabrication. Additive manufacturing allows the development of complex structures with biomimicry...
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Damage to bone leads to pain and loss of movement in the musculoskeletal system. Although bone can regenerate, sometimes it is damaged beyond its innate capacity. Research interest is increasingly turning to tissue engineering (TE) processes to provide a clinical solution for bone defects. Despite the increasing biomimicry of tissue-engineered scaf...
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... Because of their resilience to corrosion, enduring stability, and dependable mechanical strength, bio-inert metals like titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), and steel are essential for load-bearing applications. Excellent tensile strength, fracture toughness, and fatigue stress are displayed by these materials, which are frequently employed in orthodontics for braces and dental implants, as well as in orthopedics for artificial joints, plates, and screws [14]. The multifunctionality of bio-inert metals is enhanced by surface modifications, such as coating with bioactive ceramic and polymer films, which expands their uses in neurosurgical and cardiovascular devices, such as wires, stents, staples, and artificial hearts [15][16][17]. ...
In order to improve and restore the functions of biological tissues and organs as well as for the identification and treatment of diseases, biomedical materials a developing subject of materials science are indispensable. Materials like these are frequently employed in many different medical equipment employed in clinical settings, such as scaffolding, sutures, substitute teeth, artificial bones, and even heart replacements. Innovative methods for identifying, treating, and regaining physiological functions have been made possible by biomedical materials, which have completely changed the healthcare industry. The development, categorization, and therapeutic uses of biomedical materials are examined in this study, with a focus on metallic biomaterials, synthetic polymers, and bio ceramics in addition to their biologically derived counterparts, such as collagen, silk, chitosan, and alginate. The functionality of medical devices has been significantly advanced by bioengineering improvements, that have produced healing implants and progressive diagnostic imaging that improve patient effects. This evaluation explores the capacity of nanomaterials in biomedicine, current wound dressings, and antimicrobial methods, highlighting the limitations and destiny opportunities inside the creation of extra powerful therapy and minimally harmful diagnostic tools.
... for Windows. 76 The co-authorship nations' total link strength (TLS) is calculated for each provided country. The TLS feature displays a country's overall strength among authors and researchers compared to other countries. ...
In past few decades, the non-traditional machining techniques of electrical discharge machining (EDM) has been developed to machine materials that are difficult to cut. Additionally, the EDM method has also been employed to change the material's surface properties by applying a layer on the workpiece that is up to a few microns thick in order to improve the surface attributes. In past three decades, several numerous investigations on surface modification using EDM have been conducted globally. Present study provides a comprehensive review along with bibliometric investigation of the many approaches used to enhance the surface topology of the materials during the EDM process from 1993 to 2023. Firstly, a brief introduction to EDM-based different surface modification techniques such as electric discharge coating, surface texturing, surface alloying, and powder-mixed EDM has been given. All related documents were acquired from Scopus Core Collection and evaluated using a bibliometric analysis technique. The bibliometric analysis was examined based on the time distribution of articles, geography, top-cited documents, analysis of authors’ keywords, country-wise publications, etc. The result showed that India dominates this research area, followed by China, and there is a growing trend in the number of publications. Further, the influence of EDM parameters, dielectric fluid, tool, and work material etc. has also been discussed. The research work published related to topic has been summarized and resented in tabular format. This review offers interested scholars with a thorough overview of the significant achievements in the subject over the last few decades, including a description of the most relevant studies and their results. Moreover, potential areas for further investigation are emphasized with the goal of revitalize the interest of the worldwide scientific community in advancing this method.
A three-dimensional (3D) printing has been contributing enormously across areas of dentistry including treatment planning, prosthesis designing, dental restorations, and surgical procedures. A successful dentistry treatment with minute analysis can be done more effectively, using 3D printing as compared to conventional fabrication methods. In this article, four different 3D printing techniques namely PolyJet, fused deposition modelling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA) were used to reproduce dental models of five subjects as references. Critical dimensions of these 3D printed dental models including crown height and width were then compared with Standard Tessellation Language (STL) digital image files. Average relative errors for SLA, SLS, PolyJet, and FDM printed models with their respective STL files were calculated as 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.7%, respectively, for crown height and 0.2%, 0.4%, 1.0%, and 2.0% for crown width in the same order, indicating a relative error trend as SLA < SLS < PolyJet < FDM in ascending order. Raw material cost for 3D printing a single dental model used in FDM ($3.12) was most economical in comparison to SLS ($3.63), SLA ($5.18), and PolyJet ($7.84). Time consumed for 3D printing the same model was highest for SLA (180 min) in comparison to FDM (120 min), PolyJet (55 min), and SLS (40 min). Therefore, a combination of factors such as dimensional accuracy, time consumption, and cost-effectiveness essential in manufacturing have been considered to suggest the most suitable 3D printing technique in the field of dentistry for treatment planning, prosthesis designing, dental restorations, and surgical procedures.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) plays a vital role in the field of biomedical applications, particularly in the production of implants for bone repair. These implants possess an internal cellular structure that promotes bone ingrowth and is crucial for their successful integration in the human body. To meet the requirements of biomedical implants, the material used should be biodegradable, non-toxic, possess similar biomechanical properties to natural bone, and exhibit porosity. consequently, the precise design and production of implants hold great significance.
This review focuses on the fabrication of Ti-6Al-4 V cellular lattice structures using selective laser melting (SLM) for orthopedic applications. It discusses the structure of bone, its characteristics, and the mechanism of bone healing, emphasizing the importance of understanding bone biology for effective implant design. The suitability of the bio-compatible Ti-6Al-4 V alloy for orthopedic use is explored, highlighting its biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance and also delves into the design considerations for cellular lattice structures, including pore size, shape, and interconnectivity. These design features aim to promote bone ingrowth, enhance mechanical properties, and facilitate tissue regeneration.
The review emphasizes the significance of these structures in orthopedic applications, with their combination of biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and tailored design features for bone repair and tissue engineering. It also anticipates further advancements in SLM technology and material research to enhance clinical outcomes of orthopedic implants.
