Fig 7 - uploaded by Eduardo Mendez-Quintas
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Bifaz de tipo sutriangular, sobre lasca de cuarcita, dos depósitos fluviais dos arredores da a cidade de Ourense. Está parcialmente realizado con percusor brando.
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El hallazgo del conjunto lítico tallado de Canuto Chico constituye una primicia en la investigación sobre el Paleolítico de la comarca. Su caracterización como yacimiento de Modo Técnico 2, asociado a un depósito de cronología Pleistoceno Medio, resulta del análisis geológico, litológico, morfotécnico y morfopotencial de sus
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Catálogo de representaciones de manos en el arte rupestre paleolítico de la península ibérica. Hipólito Collado Giraldo (Coord.)
Citations
... The boundary between the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic, or between the Final Acheulean and-in the opinion of some-the Mousterian of Acheulean Tradition, has not stood up to the accumulation of data that has become available in the last few decades. In this respect, Mousterian-type technocomplexes or Levallois techniques are generally accepted as having existed during the Middle Pleistocene (Bourguignon et al. 2008;Méndez-Quintas et al. 2008;Moncel et al. 2005;Rodríguez-Alvarez 2004), alongside the occasional survival of assemblages rich in hand-axes (which might well be considered Acheulean) after the last interglacial. In such circumstances as we have at the Basque crossroads (with half a dozen stratified deposits containing Lower Palaeolithic artefacts), as long as no anomalies are found, we can propose, in general terms, that the groups which produced Acheulean assemblages (or perhaps, Lower Palaeolithic assemblages without hand-axes) were replaced, approximately during the MIS 5 or final interglacial period, by other human groups, responsible for the classic Mousterian, in the form of monotonous technocomplexes characterised by large numbers of sidescrapers and other substrate elements (denticulates, simple retouched points). ...
... In contrast, according to the available data for the south of France (Mourre and Cologne 2007); the Ebro Valley; the northern meseta (Méndez-Quintas et al. 2008); and the Cantabrian region (Montes-Barquín 2003), there appears to be a significant number of deposits attributed to the Upper Acheulean, with industries characterised fundamentally by an increasing importance of tools made from flakes and using Levallois production methods, situated chronologically around the last glaciation. This apparent coherence is disrupted by the existence of similar industries at about 350,000 BP in Level TD10 in the Trench Doline at Atapuerca (Rodríguez-Alvarez 2004); or the appearance of the first Mousterian assemblages at about 300,000 at some French sites such as Petit Bost (Bourguignon et al. 2008) or Orgnac 3 (Moncel et al. 2005). ...
... The boundary between the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic, or between the Final Acheulean and-in the opinion of some-the Mousterian of Acheulean Tradition, has not stood up to the accumulation of data that has become available in the last few decades. In this respect, Mousterian-type technocomplexes or Levallois techniques are generally accepted as having existed during the Middle Pleistocene (Bourguignon et al. 2008;Méndez-Quintas et al. 2008;Moncel et al. 2005;Rodríguez-Alvarez 2004), alongside the occasional survival of assemblages rich in hand-axes (which might well be considered Acheulean) after the last interglacial. In such circumstances as we have at the Basque crossroads (with half a dozen stratified deposits containing Lower Palaeolithic artefacts), as long as no anomalies are found, we can propose, in general terms, that the groups which produced Acheulean assemblages (or perhaps, Lower Palaeolithic assemblages without hand-axes) were replaced, approximately during the MIS 5 or final interglacial period, by other human groups, responsible for the classic Mousterian, in the form of monotonous technocomplexes characterised by large numbers of sidescrapers and other substrate elements (denticulates, simple retouched points). ...
... In contrast, according to the available data for the south of France (Mourre and Cologne 2007); the Ebro Valley; the northern meseta (Méndez-Quintas et al. 2008); and the Cantabrian region (Montes-Barquín 2003), there appears to be a significant number of deposits attributed to the Upper Acheulean, with industries characterised fundamentally by an increasing importance of tools made from flakes and using Levallois production methods, situated chronologically around the last glaciation. This apparent coherence is disrupted by the existence of similar industries at about 350,000 BP in Level TD10 in the Trench Doline at Atapuerca (Rodríguez-Alvarez 2004); or the appearance of the first Mousterian assemblages at about 300,000 at some French sites such as Petit Bost (Bourguignon et al. 2008) or Orgnac 3 (Moncel et al. 2005). ...
In the last 15 years, knowledge of the first human occupation of the Basque area has undergone important advances due to the excavation of new deposits and the application of new methodological approaches to previously known sequences. In this paper we present the state of knowledge of the Lower Palaeolithic in this region, outlining the difficulties encountered and the advances made in the last two decades.
... En el occidente europeo, el Achelense parece estar presente de manera continua desde al menos hace 500 ka (Santonja y Villa, 2006), teniendo una cronología que lo situaría entre el OIS 13 y el OIS 6. Por otra parte, y hasta el momento actual, en la Península Ibérica no parece que persista su presencia una vez sobrepasado el OIS 6 (Santonja y Pérez, 2002Pérez, , 2006. Este poblamiento achelense está generalizado en las terrazas medias de las principales cuencas fluviales -Duero, Tajo, Miño o Guadiana-, pudiendo indicarse que la altitud relativa de entre +20 y +40 m supone un buen referente para estas ocupaciones (Méndez et al., 2008;Santonja y Pérez, 2002, 2010a. En la Meseta, los datos aportados por la secuencia del Henares (Benito et al., 1998) otorgan una cronología de 243 ± 18 ka y 202 ± 58 ka para la terraza +22 y de 444 ± 70 ka para la terraza +30, lo cual parece dotar de un marco cronológico al Achelense en la Meseta -situado en las terrazas medias-. ...
In this paper we show a synthesis of the information related to lower levels of Lezetxiki cave which was obtained during J. M. de Barandiaran's works. As a necessary reflection about the problems which posed this sequence of levels, not only for an archaeostratigraphical and geochronological point of view, but also in the Ancient Cantabrian Palaeolithic general context. Under the new excavations that have been conducted since 1996 in the cave, is appropriate to make this reflection about the information obtained by the old excavations, establishing a full stop between the two interventions.
... Parece haber diversas evidencias (Carbonell et al., 2005;Mejías, 2009;Peña et al., 2008) que nos inducen a pensar en la presencia de tecnologías propias del Paleo- lítico medio, netamente individualizadas con respecto a otros conjuntos achelenses de superior cronología (Méndez et al., 2008;Santonja y Pérez, 2010), en este sector de la cuenca del Tajo, a partir del OIS 6 y sobre todo desde el OIS 5. En consecuencia, podemos atribuir de manera ge- nérica el conjunto de la raña de Cañamero a un marco cro- nológico adscrito a un periodo amplio e impreciso que se situaría entre el OIS 5 y el OIS 3, cronología esta última aportada por diversos conjuntos musterienses situados en el valle bajo del Tajo, en Portugal. Este marco temporal re- presenta, en este medio, un rango cronológico con pre- sencia variada y constatada de yacimientos encuadrados en el Paleolítico medio. ...
In this paper the results of techno-typological and taphonomic analysis of a Mousterian assemblage from an open air site are presented (Cá-ceres, Spain). To explore the scope of the survey method, we did an intensive field work with a geoarchaeological approach. We complete the analysis with a spatial and taphonomic study in order to understand and discuss postdepositional processes. The results suggest that there was a spatial and geographical selection of the pre-Quaternary elevated platforms ("rañas") by Neanderthal groups; this is a model proposed for archaeological sites located in the Duero Basin (Díez Martín, 2000). Settlements, in the top of this plains at the foot of the mountains, are dif-ferent than the typical fluvial environments (terraces) and karstic sites (caves), showing an important variety in the adaptation of Neanderthals groups in the area.
Bifaces dominate the Acheulean stone tools recovered during the archaeological excavation of layer X of Gruta da Aroeira, dated to 389–436 ka. Faunal remains and a human cranium were found in association with this lithic assemblage. The raw materials used are mostly quartz and quartzite cobbles available in the vicinity of the site. Technological and systematic analysis shows that there are no Levallois elements and suggests that on-site knapping consisted of the reduction of centripetal cores. Flake cleavers are absent. Use-wear analysis indicates the processing of hard materials, mainly wood. Gruta da Aroeira represents one of the few Middle Pleistocene sites that provide securely dated diagnostic human remains and associated Acheulean lithics, thus representing a major step forward in our understanding of the variability of westernmost Europe's Acheulean and of the human populations that made it.
a b s t r a c t This paper presents the results of the analysis carried out on different assemblages and stratigraphic contexts dated before MIS 4 in Cantabrian Region (in the northern of the Iberian Peninsula). Despite the reduced corpus available, it was possible to establish the existence of Mousterian settlements throughout the Cantabrian region at the end of the Middle Pleistocene, particularly during interstadial MIS 5e and MIS 6. Whereas the evidence for the Lower Palaeolithic is limited to a few sites such as Louselas, Cabo Busto or Irikaitz, which contain characteristic Acheulean tools, the Cantabrian coast was densely populated by Neanderthal settlements during the MIS 5e Climatic Optimum. This settlement pattern seems to include open air sites, together with uninterrupted habitat in caves from MIS 6 to the end of the Mousterian period in the region. This paper shows the results and conclusions of techno-typological, geoarchaeological and spatial analysis of the Final Middle Pleistocene and Upper Pleistocene assemblages and settlements in the Cantabrian Region. The results of this analysis established some differences between two kinds of settlements in the area: Acheulean assemblages and sites; and the first Middle Palaeolithic evidence in the final Middle Pleistocene and in MIS 5e.
