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Boletopsis nothofagi sp. nov., an ectomycorrhizal taxon is described from Nothofagus forests in New Zealand. A comparison of available molecular ITS sequences, and morphological data was carried out to confirm the novelty of the taxon. This is the first report of the genus in the Southern Hemisphere.
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... of 500 until the split-deviation frequency had fallen below 0.01, ca 1.2 million iterations. The results were examined to ensure good Metropolis coupling of chains and convergence statistics using Tracer (Rambaut and Drummond 2009). The first 25% of trees were removed in constructing a 50% majority rule consensus phylogram. Figure 1 shows the results of the phylogenetic analysis. The species concepts B. grisea and B. perplexa are supported . Boletopsis sp. (SL23), B. subsquamosa (SMI350), and Boletopsis sp. (Rec227652) are also referable to B. perplexa . The latter collections con- firm the presence of this taxon in North America, as suggested by (Watling and Milne 2008). A consensus concept of B. leucomelaena is less well supported by these prelimi- nary data with the collections appearing separately in the analysis. It is possible the current use of the name B. leucomelaena represents multiple cryptic taxa; it is reported as occurring in widely separate geographic regions and with differing ectomycorrhizal hosts. A similar situation was recently demonstrated in the case of European species of related Hydnellum and Phellodon (Ainsworth et al. 2010). Boletopsis nothofagi is clearly supported as a new taxon differing in 22 sites relative to B. leucomelaena (AFTOL, DQ484064) and 18 sites relative to B. leucomelaena (Niemela, DQ408771). The presence of B. nothofagi in New Zealand beech forests appears to have been over- looked despite a long history of the study of similar fungi in New Zealand (Cunning- ham 1958) (Maas Geesteranus 1971). This suggests B. nothofagi is a relatively rare (or rarely fruiting) indigenous member of the New Zealand ectomycorrhizal beech forest mycota. In addition no records of Boletopsis have been traced for any localities of natu- rally occurring Nothofagus forests in Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea or South America. An alternative explanation for the presence of B. nothofagi in New Zealand is as a recent introduction of a species that usually has a different ectomycorrhizal host. Such introductions into New Zealand beech forests have occurred at least once in the case of Amanita muscaria (Johnston et al. 2008). The absence of previous records of this recognisable species combined with the wide separation of the two currently known sites indicate that Boletopsis nothofagi is most likely a rare indigenous member of the New Zealand beech forest mycota. Its conservation status in New Zealand requires further investigation considering the sta- tus of other members of the family elsewhere in the world. For example many hydnoid members of the family are threatened in Europe due to a variety of causes (Arnolds 2010). Many of these species are listed on European national red-data lists of fungi (Dahlberg and Mueller 2011). Boletopsis grisea is currently designated as threatened on five national lists and is subject to a number of management plans (Anon ...
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... Il genere tradizionalmente comprende specie con basidiomi annuali, terricoli, imenoforo poroide, stipite centrale o laterale, monomitici (ife generative con unioni a fibbia), spore angolose, gibbose, tubercolate, talvolta spinose, non amiloidi, da ialine a crema-brunastro pallide in massa (es. Breitenbach & Kränzlin 1986;Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986;Niemela & Saarenoksa 1989;Bernicchia 1990Bernicchia , 2005Gannaz 1991;Ryvarden 1991;Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993;Stalpers 1993;Núñez & Ryvarden 2001;Niemelä 2005;Watling & Milne 2008;Cooper & Leonard 2012;Ryvarden & Melo 2017;Bernicchia & Gorjón 2020;Rivoire 2020;Zhou H.-M. et al. 2022). ...
... Sono specie ectomicorriziche (con micoclena che presenta clamidospore, placche amiloidi, rizomorfe di tipo D e austori in ectomicorrize di altre specie non identificate; Agerer 1992Agerer , 1993Agerer , 2001Trudell et al. 2004;Izzo et al. 2005;Bergemann & Garbelotto 2006;Rinaldi et al. 2008;Tedersoo et al. 2010;Kennedy et al. 2012;Tedersoo & Smith 2013), in associazione con gimnosperme [Pinaceae; Abies, Cedrus, Picea, Pinus, Tsuga (Niemela & Saarenoksa 1989;Stalpers 1993;Bernicchia 2005;Watling & Milne 2006Ryvarden & Melo 2017;Bernicchia & Gorjón 2020;Rivoire 2020;Zhou H.-M. et al. 2022] ed angiosperme [Fagaceae; Fagus, Nothofagus s. l., Quercus spp. (Mata & Ryvarden 2007;Cooper & Leonard 2012;Bernicchia & Gorjón 2020; Ericaceae, Arbutus unedo L. (Bernicchia & Bertucci 1995;Bernicchia 2005), A. menziesii Pursh (Kennedy et al. Sono distribuite in Europa, Asia, Nord e CentroAmerica e Nuova Zelanda (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986;Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993;Núñez & Ryvarden 2001;Izzo et al. 2005;Mata & Ryvarden 2007;Porter et al. 2008;Watling & Milne 2008;Cooper & Leonard 2012;Zhou L.-W. et al. 2016;Ryvarden & Melo 2017;Rivoire 2020;Zhou H.-M. et al. 2022). ...
... (Mata & Ryvarden 2007;Cooper & Leonard 2012;Bernicchia & Gorjón 2020; Ericaceae, Arbutus unedo L. (Bernicchia & Bertucci 1995;Bernicchia 2005), A. menziesii Pursh (Kennedy et al. Sono distribuite in Europa, Asia, Nord e CentroAmerica e Nuova Zelanda (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986;Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993;Núñez & Ryvarden 2001;Izzo et al. 2005;Mata & Ryvarden 2007;Porter et al. 2008;Watling & Milne 2008;Cooper & Leonard 2012;Zhou L.-W. et al. 2016;Ryvarden & Melo 2017;Rivoire 2020;Zhou H.-M. et al. 2022). ...
Riassunto Boletopsis mediterraneensis, una specie recentemente istituita sulla base di raccolte provenienti da Spagna, Francia e Cipro, viene segnalata per il Lazio. Viene fornita una completa descrizione macro e micromorfologica delle collezioni laziali, corredata da immagini dei basidiomi e di microscopia. L'analisi filogenetica molecolare effettuata sulla base di sequenze ribosomali nrITS e nrLSU (28S) indica la strutturazione di B. mediterraneensis in quattro sottocladi e che le raccolte laziali appartengono al subclade III. Inoltre, la specie è anche presente in Pantelleria (Sicilia), Algeria, Marocco e Turchia. Boletopsis mediterraneensis viene comparata morfologicamente alle altre tre specie europee di Boletopsis e a due specie descritte per la Cina. Infine, B. atrata viene trasferita, su base morfologica, nel genere Corneroporus. Abstract Boletopsis mediterraneensis, a species recently established based on collections from Spain, France and Cyprus is here reported from Lazio. A full macro-and micromorphological description of the Italian collections are provided coupled with colour plates of basidiomes and micromorphological data. Molecular phylogenetic analyses performed on ribosomal markers (nrITS and nrLSU/28S) recognized four subclades within B. mediterraneensis and that the collections from Lazio are part of the subclade III. B. mediterraneensis is also present on the island of Pantelleria (Sicily), Algeria, Morocco and Turkey. Boletopsis mediterraneensis is morphologically compared with the other three European Boletopsis species and two species described from China. Finally, B. atrata is transferred to the genus Corneroporus on a morphological basis. Introduzione Il genere Boletopsis Fayod 1889 (non Boletopsis Henn., Nat. Pflanzenfamilien: 194, 1898), tipo della famiglia Boletopsidaceae Bondartsev & Singer ex Jülich, fu eretto da Fayod (1889) in un articolo su Malpighia, dopo una dotta dissertazione sulla filogenesi dell'habitus boletoide nei funghi, per accogliere le caratteristiche peculiari di Boletus leucomelas Pers. 1801 (spore angoloso-gibbose, carnicine in massa). Il genere tradizionalmente comprende specie con basidiomi annuali, terricoli, imenoforo poroide, stipite centrale o laterale, monomitici (ife generative con unioni a fibbia), spore angolose, gibbose, tubercolate, talvolta spinose, non amiloidi, da ialine a crema-brunastro pallide in massa (es.
... Fifty-three sequences used in phylogenetic analyses are listed in Table 1, including 24 sequences generated by this study and another 29 downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) which mainly adapted from Cooper and Leonard (2012) and Crous et al. (2019). Sarcodon imbricatus (L.) P. Karst. ...
... Previously seven species of Boletopsis were accepted mostly based on morphological examination, and five were confirmed by phylogenetic analyses (Cooper and Leonard 2012). In the present study, four distinct taxa of Boletopsis were found in China: B. macrocarpa, B. tibetana, B. cf. ...
... Species of Boletopsis form ectomycorrhizae with certain host plants, and the potential host trees may help to identify species, for instance, Boletopsis leucomelaena is usually associated with Picea abies (L.) Karst. In Europe (Niemela and Saarenoksa 1989), and B. nothofagi are usually accompanied by Nothofagus in Oceania (Cooper and Leonard 2012). Almost all Boletopsis species are found in the Northern Hemisphere except B. nothofagi; most Boletopsis species grow coniferous trees in temperate areas and two species are known from more than one continent (Watling and Milne 2008;Ryvarden and Melo 2017). ...
Two new species of Boletopsis , B. macrocarpa and B. tibetana , are described and illustrated from Southwest (SW) China based on morphology, ecology and phylogenetic analyses by the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU). Boletopsis macrocarpa is characterized by big basidiocarps (up to 18 cm in diam), guttulate basidiospores, and the presence of gloeoplerous hyphae in context and growing in pure forest of Pinus yunnanensis . Boletopsis tibetana is characterized by smaller pores (3–4 per mm), the presence of gloeoplerous hyphae in pileipellis, and the growth in forests of Picea . Phylogenetically, the two new species are grouped in two independent lineages nested in Boletopsis . In addition, one sample from Northeast China is temporarily treated as Boletopsis sp. 1 because of the single sample; another Chinese sample from SW China is sister to B. grisea in phylogeny, and it is treated as B. cf. grisea because the morphological difference between B. cf. grisea and B. grisea is indistinct. Furthermore, the main characteristics of Boletopsis species are listed, and a key to accepted species of Boletopsis is provided.
... Boletopsis leucomelaena is characterised by its greyish sepia to black-brown cap surface, turning sepia black in KOH, and by its association with Picea (Niemelä & Saarenoksa 1989). Boletopsis nothofagi has a cap turning blackish upon bruising, becoming black with KOH and is associated with Nothofagus in the Southern Hemisphere (Cooper & Leonard 2012). Boletopsis watlingii (= B. perplexa), described using European material, differs from B. mediterraneensis by its dark cap and slightly smaller basidiospores (4.5 -4.8(-5) × 3.5-4.5 μm) (Watling & Milne 2006 Notes -Boletus candidissimus is characterised by the pure white basidiomata and pileipellis structure consisting of a palisade of hairs composed of chains of swollen elliptic cells, ending by conical or lageniform cells, sometimes tapering into the long neck. ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica , Apenidiella antarctica from permafrost, Cladosporium fildesense from an unidentified marine sponge. Argentina , Geastrum wrightii on humus in mixed forest. Australia , Golovinomyces glandulariae on Glandularia aristigera , Neoanungitea eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis , Teratosphaeria corymbiicola on leaves of Corymbia ficifolia , Xylaria eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus radiata . Brazil , Bovista psammophila on soil, Fusarium awaxy on rotten stalks of Zea mays , Geastrum lanuginosum on leaf litter covered soil, Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae (incl. Hermetothecium gen. nov.) on Mikania micrantha , Penicillium reconvexovelosoi in soil, Stagonosporopsis vannaccii from pod of Glycine max . British Virgin Isles , Lactifluus guanensis on soil. Canada , Sorocybe oblongispora on resin of Picea rubens . Chile , Colletotrichum roseum on leaves of Lapageria rosea . China , Setophoma caverna from carbonatite in Karst cave. Colombia , Lareunionomyces eucalypticola on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis . Costa Rica , Psathyrella pivae on wood. Cyprus , Clavulina iris on calcareous substrate. France , Chromosera ambigua and Clavulina iris var. occidentalis on soil. French West Indies , Helminthosphaeria hispidissima on dead wood. Guatemala , Talaromyces guatemalensis in soil. Malaysia , Neotracylla pini (incl. Tracyllales ord. nov. and Neotracylla gen. nov.) and Vermiculariopsiella pini on needles of Pinus tecunumanii . New Zealand , Neoconiothyrium viticola on stems of Vitis vinifera , Parafenestella pittospori on Pittosporum tenuifolium , Pilidium novae-zelandiae on Phoenix sp. Pakistan , Russula quercus-floribundae on forest floor. Portugal , Trichoderma aestuarinum from saline water. Russia , Pluteus liliputianus on fallen branch of deciduous tree, Pluteus spurius on decaying deciduous wood or soil. South Africa , Alloconiothyrium encephalarti , Phyllosticta encephalarticola and Neothyrostroma encephalarti (incl. Neothyrostroma gen. nov.) on leaves of Encephalartos sp., Chalara eucalypticola on leaf spots of Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla , Clypeosphaeria oleae on leaves of Olea capensis , Cylindrocladiella postalofficium on leaf litter of Sideroxylon inerme , Cylindromonium eugeniicola (incl. Cylindromonium gen. nov.) on leaf litter of Eugenia capensis , Cyphellophora goniomatis on leaves of Gonioma kamassi , Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis (incl. Nothodactylaria gen. nov. and Nothodactylariaceae fam. nov.) on leaves of Nephrolepis exaltata , Falcocladium eucalypti and Gyrothrix eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Gyrothrix oleae on leaves of Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa , Harzia metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros sp., Hippopotamyces phragmitis (incl. Hippopotamyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Phragmites australis , Lectera philenopterae on Philenoptera violacea , Leptosillia mayteni on leaves of Maytenus heterophylla , Lithohypha aloicola and Neoplatysporoides aloes on leaves of Aloe sp., Millesimomyces rhoicissi (incl. Millesimomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Rhoicissus digitata , Neodevriesia strelitziicola on leaf litter of Strelitzia nicolai , Neokirramyces syzygii (incl. Neokirramyces gen. nov.) on leaf spots of Syzygium sp., Nothoramichloridium perseae (incl. Nothoramichloridium gen. nov. and Anungitiomycetaceae fam. nov.) on leaves of Persea americana , Paramycosphaerella watsoniae on leaf spots of Watsonia sp., Penicillium cuddlyae from dog food, Podocarpomyces knysnanus (incl. Podocarpomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Podocarpus falcatus , Pseudocercospora heteropyxidicola on leaf spots of Heteropyxis natalensis , Pseudopenidiella podocarpi , Scolecobasidium podocarpi and Ceramothyrium podocarpicola on leaves of Podocarpus latifolius , Scolecobasidium blechni on leaves of Blechnum capense , Stomiopeltis syzygii on leaves of Syzygium chordatum , Strelitziomyces knysnanus (incl. Strelitziomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Strelitzia alba , Talaromyces clemensii from rotting wood in goldmine, Verrucocladosporium visseri on Carpobrotus edulis . Spain , Boletopsis mediterraneensis on soil, Calycina cortegadensisi on a living twig of Castanea sativa , Emmonsiellopsis tuberculata in fluvial sediments, Mollisia cortegadensis on dead attached twig of Quercus robur , Psathyrella ovispora on soil, Pseudobeltrania lauri on leaf litter of Laurus azorica , Terfezia dunensis in soil, Tuber lucentum in soil, Venturia submersa on submerged plant debris. Thailand , Cordyceps jakajanicola on cicada nymph, Cordyceps kuiburiensis on spider, Distoseptispora caricis on leaves of Carex sp., Ophiocordyceps khonkaenensis on cicada nymph. USA , Cytosporella juncicola and Davidiellomyces juncicola on culms of Juncus effusus , Monochaetia massachusettsianum from air sample, Neohelicomyces melaleucae and Periconia neobrittanica on leaves of Melaleuca styphelioides × lanceolata , Pseudocamarosporium eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Pseudogymnoascus lindneri from sediment in a mine, Pseudogymnoascus turneri from sediment in a railroad tunnel, Pulchroboletus sclerotiorum on soil, Zygosporium pseudomasonii on leaf of Serenoa repens . Vietnam , Boletus candidissimus and Veloporphyrellus vulpinus on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
... Un alignement de ces séquences et la construction d'un arbre phylogénétique par la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance ( Figure 67) nous a permis de déterminer la position phylogénétique de la séquence KP826755 parmi les séquences d'espèces du genre Boletopsis (défini par Watling, 2008et Cooper et Leonard, 2012. ...
... Boletopsis a été aussi trouvé dans les forêts de Nothofagus en Nouvelle Zélande. Cooper et Leonard (2012) ont conclu dans leurs travaux que Boletopsis nothofagi a été introduit en Nouvelle Zélande depuis l'hémisphère nord. D'autres espèces sont signalées dans la littérature, Boletopsisgrisea (Peck) Bondartsevet Singer (1941) particulièrement au sud des Alpes jusqu'à la région subalpine en France. ...
... Arbre phylogénétique construit par la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance des séquences du gène ADNr (IT1, ITS2, and 5.8S), montrant la position phylogénétique générée dans le complexe Boletopsis leucomeleana, B. perplexa, B. subsquarosa,selon Cooper et Leonard (2012).Sarcodon imbricatus(Cooper et Leonard, 2012) est utilisé comme extra-groupe pour raciner la phylogénie. Les origines géographiques des spécimens sont indiquées. ...
... The /boletopsis lineage is erected in this study based on sequences of Boletopsis fruit-bodies and mycorrhizas that form a strongly supported monophyletic group with no close relatives (Cooper and Leonard, 2012;U. Kõljalg et al., unpublished). ...
... This lineage is distributed in the temperate and boreal zone of the Northern hemisphere as well as in Nothofagus forests in New Zealand. It is possible that Boletopsis nothofagi was introduced to New Zealand from the Northern Hemisphere, but more data are needed (Cooper and Leonard, 2012). ...
In the fungal kingdom, the ectomycorrhizal (EcM) symbiosis has evolved independently in multiple groups that are referred to as lineages. A growing number of molecular studies in the fields of mycology, ecology, soil science, and microbiology generate vast amounts of sequence data from fungi in their natural habitats, particularly from soil and roots. However, as the number and diversity of sequences has increased, it has become increasingly difficult to accurately identify the fungal species in these samples and to determine their trophic modes. In particular, there has been significant controversy regarding which fungal groups form ectomycorrhizas, the morphological “exploration types” that these fungi form on roots, and the ecological strategies that they use to obtain nutrients. To address this problem, we have synthesized the phylogenetic and taxonomic breadth of EcM fungi by using the wealth of accumulated sequence data. We also compile available information about exploration types of 143 genera of EcM fungi (including 67 new reports) that can be tentatively used to help infer the ecological strategies of different fungal groups. Phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal DNA ITS and LSU sequences enabled us to recognize 20 novel lineages of EcM fungi. Most of these are rare and have a limited distribution. Five new lineages occur exclusively in tropical and subtropical habitats. Altogether 46 fungal genera were added to the list of EcM fungal taxa and we anticipate that this number will continue to grow rapidly as taxonomic works segregate species-rich genera into smaller, monophyletic units. Three genera were removed from the list of EcM groups due to refined taxonomic and phylogenetic information. In all, we suggest that EcM symbiosis has arisen independently in 78–82 fungal lineages that comprise 251–256 genera. The EcM fungal diversity of tropical and southern temperate ecosystems remains significantly understudied and we expect that these regions are most likely to reveal additional EcM taxa.
... DNA extraction and sequencing followed the protocols outlined in Cooper and Leonard (2012). We downloaded from Genbank selected sequences used in cited publications, together with close BLAST matches, Table 1. ...
We describe three new species, Gymnopus imbricatus, G. ceraceicola and G. hakaroa, from New Zealand that are similar to G. foetidus (= Micromphale foetidum), growing on wood, with an insititious stipe and foetid odour. The position of these species within the/gymnopoid clade is confirmed by ITS sequence analysis.
The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are 211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
number of newly described species, new combinations and new records of New Zealand agaric fungi are introduced together with diagnostic descriptions, phylogenetic position and additional notes. The new species are Clitopilus kamaka, Lyophyllum moncalvoanum, Gerhardtia pseudosaponacea, Clitocybe brunneocaperata, Hydnangium kanuka. The new combinations are Rhodocollybia purpurata and Gerrronema waikanaensis. Mycena stevensoniae is a nom. nov. for Crinipellis roseola, and the new record for New Zealand is Lyophyllum atratum.
