Figure 7 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) in the transportation industry, especially for efficient battery–electric trucks, has led to an increase in studies on the efficiency or energy consumption of commercial vehicles. In this paper, average energy consumption was investigated in terms of the effect of different transmission types in veh...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... to the literature, the charging/discharging efficiencies of Li-ion and lead-acid battery packs are assumed to be 95% and 80%, respectively [26]. A battery model was developed, as illustrated in Figure 7. There are several battery modeling techniques in the literature, such as electrochemical and equivalent circuit networks (ECN), which is the most commonly used technique [26][27][28]. ...
Context 2
... to the literature, the charging/discharging efficiencies of Li-ion and lead-acid battery packs are assumed to be 95% and 80%, respectively [26]. A battery model was developed, as illustrated in Figure 7. There are several battery modeling techniques in the literature, such as electrochemical and equivalent circuit networks (ECN), which is the most commonly used technique [26][27][28]. ...
Context 3
... to the literature, the charging/discharging efficiencies of Li-ion and lead-acid battery packs are assumed to be 95% and 80%, respectively [26]. A battery model was developed, as illustrated in Figure 7. There are several battery modeling techniques in the literature, such as electrochemical and equivalent circuit networks (ECN), which is the most commonly used technique [26][27][28]. ...
Context 4
... the equations and information above, the battery model was developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. A block diagram of the battery model is illustrated in Figure 7. Vehicle performance specifications are among the most important factors considered when determining the drivetrain configuration of BEVs. ...
Similar publications
As a power source, ordinary explosion-proof large-capacity lead-acid batteries have been widely used in underground explosion-proof lead-acid battery scrapers and support trucks, but there are some problems, such as too long charging time, the need to manually add distilled water regularly, and the inability to realize intelligent management. In th...
Citations
... The energy consumption reduction was achieved by powertrain topology optimization using two electric motors. Similarly, Yildirim and Kurt [13] considered the powertrain configuration with two electric motors combined with the multi-speed gearbox. They studied the influence of the number of speeds in the gearbox and operation modes of two electric motors on the electricity consumption. ...
In the last decade, a number of research works in electrified vehicles have been devoted to the analysis of the electric consumption of battery electric vehicles and the evaluation of the main influencing factors. The literature analysis reveals that the electric motor size, efficiency, and driving condition substantially affect the electric energy stored in the vehicle battery. This paper studies the degree of sensitivity of energy consumption to electric motor size and to its efficiency map characteristics. In order to accomplish this task, three electric motors whose parameters are re-scaled to fit the maximum power torque and speed with different efficiency maps are simulated by installing them on two commercially available battery electric vehicles. This allows for isolating the influence of the efficiency map on electricity consumption. The original characteristics of the motors are then used to evaluate the influence on the electricity consumption of both the size and the efficiency characteristics. The results of the simulation revealed that the influences of the efficiency map and the electric motor size can be around 8–10% and 2–11%, respectively. When both factors are taken into account, the overall difference in electricity consumption can be around 10–21%.
Electric heavy-duty trucks, fully powered by batteries, are nowadays a reality in cities across Europe, North America, and China. This movement is driven by stringent CO2 emission regulations, which advocate for zero greenhouse gas emissions in the road transportation sector, thus promoting the development of battery-powered electric trucks. From the point of view of operational cost and technology adoption by fleet owners, it is of great relevance to assess energy efficiency of battery electric heavy-duty trucks under real-world driving conditions. In this regard, an experimental evaluation of the seasonal energy variation of a battery electric heavy-duty truck is presented in this paper. The chosen battery electric truck ran daily on a predefined route in the São Paulo metropolitan region during nearly eight months to embrace different operational and weather situations. Energy consumption parameters were obtained from different Electronic Control Units of the battery electric heavy-duty truck, which allowed us to estimate, e.g., the actual energy consumption and the energy consumed by the drivetrain along with electric machine losses under varying weather situations, as well as to calculate, e.g., the energy efficiency for the propulsive and regenerative operation modes. In sum, the road test results indicate that energy consumption reduces as the ambient temperature falls, energy supplied to the electric machine and mechanical parts decreases as the ambient temperature drops, and energy efficiency in both modes reduces as the temperature rises.
Electric heavy-duty trucks fully powered by batteries are already a reality in European, North American, and Chinese cities, thanks to strict CO 2 emission regulations. These regulations promote zero greenhouse gas emissions in the road transport sector through technologies such as battery-powered electric trucks (BETs). The increasing prevalence of BETs necessitates an assessment of their energy efficiency in different weather and driving conditions, since they directly impact operational costs and, thus, influence the acceptance of BETs by companies and fleet owners. In this sense, evaluating seasonal energy efficiency may drive improvements in technology performance, vehicle specifications, and driving conditions to reduce energy consumption and losses. To understand and quantify the factors affecting energy consumption and driving range in real-world driving conditions, various studies on energy efficiency have been conducted worldwide; nevertheless, South American metropolitan areas lack such attention. Therefore, this paper presents the main findings of an experimental study of BETs in terms of energy consumption, driving range, and energy recharging due to operational and climatic factors.
