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Bathymetric chart of Malo jezero (according to Vuleti} (32)), diving transects (A-D) and sampling stations (P1-P25).
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Background and Purpose: There is a lack of knowledge on bivalve species in lake Malo jezero. This paper deals with spatial distribution of bivalves with the aim of getting a better understanding of ecological conditions in this protected area. Materials and Methods: A study of bivalves was conducted at 25 stations in saltwater lake Malo jezero in 1...
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... of sampling stations were located on transect lines set perpendicularly to the shoreline. Six stations (P1, P2, P21, P22, P23, and P24) were in shallow coastal zone and one (P25) in the middle of the lake (Figure 2). Bivalves were collected by SCUBA divers using a specially designed hand dredge. ...
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... Зважаючи на існуючу проблему, доцільним стає створення обладнання для площинного відбору з поверхні дна достатньої для якісного аналізу кількості ма теріалу з реалізацією принципу первинного розділення речовини на техногенну Рис. 1. Устаткування для відбору проб донних осадків: a -коробковий пробовідбірник; бмультикорер; в -черпак Ван Віна [2] Рис. 2. Приклади буксованих донних пробовідбірників: а -ручна драга, що використовуєть ся для відбору проб двостулкових молюсків; б -бентосна драга для отримання об'єктів пев ної розмірності з донної поверхні шляхом буксирування її плавзасобом поверхнею дна [4] (мікро та макропластик) та природну компоненти (мінеральна та органогенна складові донних осадків). Аналіз літературних джерел показав, що комбінування принципу дії інших відомих методів досліджень морських середовищ може бути корисним при створенні обладнання для наших практичних цілей. ...
The publication reflects the problematic issues related to the need to create effective equipment for the selection of microplastics from the bottom surface of water areas, which is one of the relatively new types of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. The existing methods and tools for its selection are considered and their advantages and disadvantages are determined. The design of the device for the selection of microplastics from surface bottom sediments, alternative to the existing options, is proposed. The methodological approach to the creation of such a construction is based on the expediency of simultaneous planar sampling using a towing device with the primary distribution of bottom sediments in the sampling process due to density separation. This is achieved by implementing a number of structural solutions that allow not only the selection of the upper semi-liquid layer of bottom sediments, but also the separation of the heavy mineral component, carrying out the targeted selection of substances with low density, including microplastics. Some issues remain methodologically unfounded, in particular, the possibility of recalculating the number of microplastic particles per unit volume of the substance of bottom sediments, their solution consists in conducting long-term experimental work. The principle of operation of the device, based on the conducted analysis of literary sources, has no analogues, and, in case of successful completion of experimental tests, it can become an effective and, at the same time, affordable tool for researching the surface of water areas bottom in the future.
... NoahÕs Ark Arca noae (Linnaeus, 1758) is an edible clam that is widely distributed in hard and detrital subtidal bottoms in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Seas and may reach densities of up to 13 individuals m -2 in the Adriatic Sea (Peharda et al. 2002a). In the Mediterranean, NoahÕs Ark is widely exploited along the Adriatic eastern coasts (Benovic 1997), especially in Croatia, where the increased market demands tied to tourism have intensified the harvesting pressure on the natural stocks (Peharda et al. 2003(Peharda et al. , 2006. ...
... The increased interest of the market toward this species has promoted investigations on the Adriatic populations, with a special focus on growth, age, and population structure (Peharda et al. 2002a(Peharda et al. , 2002b(Peharda et al. , 2003(Peharda et al. , 2009, as well as condition index (Peharda et al. 2003), reproductive cycle (Peharda et al. 2006), predation by gastropods (Morton et al. 2007), functional morphology (Morton & Peharda 2008), trophism (Peharda et al. 2012), and potential employment in aquaculture ( Zupan et al. 2014). Sanitary risks linked to the consumption of ark mussels have been preliminarily investigated by Martinez Nazaret and Villalobos de Bastardo (2005) for the west Atlantic Arca zebra and by Topic Popovic et al. (2010) for Arca noae. ...
... The specimen age was estimated from the number of pallial impressions on the inner shell surface (number of years) plus an eventual dark band on the edge (half year), according to Peharda et al. (2002aPeharda et al. ( , 2002b. ...
Subtidal shell deposits of the edible bivalve Arca noae in the Strait of Messina (Central Mediterranean) were investigated and compared with an adjacent live population, testifying that dead and live populations were similar but distinct. The age-class structure of the two compared populations, whose lifespans ranged from 5 to 7 y, indicated that in this area unexploited Noah's ark stocks have generally low survival and recruitment. Shell morphometrics and size distributions suggested that the shell deposits were descriptive of the premortality population structure, as expected in a mass mortality episode.
... The most dramatic difference between Bentix values was from the data of Zenetos and Van Aartsen (1995), which suggested a decline in ecological status from Good to Moderate from the DA to the LA. For AMBI, the largest difference was from the data of Peharda et al. (2002), which suggested an increase in ecological status from Good to High from the DA to the LA at station 23. Overall, there was only rough concordance between the two indices. ...
... High variability in the " molluskonly − whole-community " difference can result if mollusks are rare in the community or the ecological groups represented are lower (i.e., more sensitive) than the ecological groups represented by other taxonomic groups in the community, which could include more disturbance-tolerant species, such as annelid worms (Figure S2.2 in Supplementary Material). This difference in ecological group distributions may help explain why mollusk-only analyses tend to overestimate the ecological Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_b " = Intertidal_Outer Flat (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_c " = Intertidal_Sandbar (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_d " = Intertidal_Channel (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_e " = Sublittoral_Shallow (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_f " = Sublittoral_Seagrass (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_g " = Sublittoral_Delta Sand (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_total " = all sites (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 2_total " = all sites (Leshno et al., 2015); " 3_a " = Intermediate (Giacobbe and Leonardi, 1985); " 3_b " = Deep (Giacobbe and Leonardi, 1985); " 3_total " = all sites (Giacobbe and Leonardi, 1985); " 4_a " = station 2 (Peharda et al., 2002); " 4_b = station 21 (Peharda et al., 2002); " 4_c = station 22 (Peharda et al., 2002); " 4_d = station 23 (Peharda et al., 2002); " 4_total " = all sites (Peharda et al., 2002); " 5_total " = all sites (Zenetos and Van Aartsen, 1995). status of stations whose ecological status is already high and underestimate the ecological status of more highly disturbed stations (including natural disturbances; see Dauvin and Ruellet, 2007). ...
... High variability in the " molluskonly − whole-community " difference can result if mollusks are rare in the community or the ecological groups represented are lower (i.e., more sensitive) than the ecological groups represented by other taxonomic groups in the community, which could include more disturbance-tolerant species, such as annelid worms (Figure S2.2 in Supplementary Material). This difference in ecological group distributions may help explain why mollusk-only analyses tend to overestimate the ecological Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_b " = Intertidal_Outer Flat (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_c " = Intertidal_Sandbar (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_d " = Intertidal_Channel (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_e " = Sublittoral_Shallow (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_f " = Sublittoral_Seagrass (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_g " = Sublittoral_Delta Sand (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 1_total " = all sites (Weber and Zuschin, 2013); " 2_total " = all sites (Leshno et al., 2015); " 3_a " = Intermediate (Giacobbe and Leonardi, 1985); " 3_b " = Deep (Giacobbe and Leonardi, 1985); " 3_total " = all sites (Giacobbe and Leonardi, 1985); " 4_a " = station 2 (Peharda et al., 2002); " 4_b = station 21 (Peharda et al., 2002); " 4_c = station 22 (Peharda et al., 2002); " 4_d = station 23 (Peharda et al., 2002); " 4_total " = all sites (Peharda et al., 2002); " 5_total " = all sites (Zenetos and Van Aartsen, 1995). status of stations whose ecological status is already high and underestimate the ecological status of more highly disturbed stations (including natural disturbances; see Dauvin and Ruellet, 2007). ...
AMBI and Bentix are widely used benthic indices for guiding remediation decisions under two major pieces of environmental legislation in Europe—the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). These indices usually incorporate all living marine benthic invertebrates in a sample. Some recent studies, however, have applied these benthic indices to only mollusk species due to the ease of identifying a single taxonomic group to the species level and because death assemblages (accumulated dead mollusk shells in sediments) may be valuable sources of data for assessing baseline conditions. Although they found that ecological status differences can be detected by applying AMBI and Bentix to mollusks, these studies did not test whether mollusk-only index values, and the ecological statuses indicated by them, are equivalent to those calculated from the whole benthic community. To test this assumption, we performed a meta-analysis of data from 12 European benthic community studies comparing mollusk-only index values with whole-community values. Using five mollusk-only data sets, we also assessed whether application of AMBI and Bentix to molluscan death assemblages can be used to detect changes in ecological status over time. We show that the application of AMBI and Bentix to only the molluscan taxa in benthic communities is a viable method for determining the ecological status of water bodies. Our results also suggest that the application of benthic indices to molluscan death assemblages has great potential to (1) establish baseline conditions for assessing ecological status under the WFD and (2) estimate the natural range of variation of ecosystem attributes for defining sustainability thresholds under the MSFD. We outline three recommendations for the future use of mollusk-only AMBI and Bentix based on our results: (1) mollusk-only index values should be adjusted to facilitate comparisons with whole-community studies; (2) if possible, local ecological group assignments should be used; and (3) we encourage collaboration between paleoecologists and benthic ecologists to facilitate interpretations of index values from death assemblages. We conclude that mollusk-only benthic index assessments of molluscan death assemblages have the potential to be a powerful tool for guiding management decisions under the WFD and MSFD.
... Most sessile animals are easily hand-picked or scraped off surfaces by the diver (eg, Barnes & Clarke, 1998;Antoniadou & Chintiroglou, 2005). More quantitative sampling can be made using techniques such as suction sampling (eg, Robinson & Tully, 2000a) or towed netting/dredging (eg, Peharda et al, 2002). Some species or life history stages had evaded capture using surface-deployed sampling equipment before diver collections were attempted. ...
There is little quantitative information by which to assess the recent importance of diving to the scientific community. This review is a bibliographic analysis of the papers published from 1995 to 2006 that have been supported by scientific diving. Diving supports scientific research through efficient and targeted sampling (including numerous new species and reports), quantitative survey, observing animal behaviour, making in situ measurement, undertaking impact studies, a variety of ecological analyses, the evaluation of new techniques, by mapping underwater areas, profiling subtidal geology, and by deploying and retrieving underwater apparatus. Each section is reviewed in detail. However, by comparing the database searches against a selection of publications known to have used scientific diving in the same period, possibly only 7% (with 95% confidence limits of 0-15%) of papers were captured. It is suggested that the significance of scientific diving is vastly unrepresented by the literature and that the divers themselves should try to ensure proper acknowledgement in order to preserve and promote scientific diving as a valid and cost-effective underwater research tool.
... Most sessile animals are easily hand-picked or scraped off surfaces by the diver (eg, Barnes & Clarke, 1998;Antoniadou & Chintiroglou, 2005). More quantitative sampling can be made using techniques such as suction sampling (eg, Robinson & Tully, 2000a) or towed netting/dredging (eg, Peharda et al, 2002). Some species or life history stages had evaded capture using surface-deployed sampling equipment before diver collections were attempted. ...
A detailed trend analysis was made of 8611 scientific diving operation records undertaken at the Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory between 1970 and 2004. The analysis represented 15 711 separate person dives and a total of 285 512 minutes of diving time. Specific trends were highly influenced by predominant project areas during specific periods of the analysis. However, most diving was relatively shallow with only 0-12% of annual dive duration at depths of 30m or greater, and the majority (32-87%) being in the 10-29m depth range. Diving was undertaken throughout the year and average dive depth and duration were not influenced by month. One incident of decompression illness (DCI) occurred within the dives analysed yielding a DCI incidence rate of 0.12 per 1000 dives or 0.06 per 1000 person dives. This level of incident is within the range for previous studies on SCUBA diving (0.07-0.14) but below reported incident rates for wreck and/or multi-day recreational diving (0.25-0.49). However, it is suggested that true inter-sector comparisons of estimated risk to the individual diver can only be made when expressing DCI rates in relation to person dives. Average numbers of divers per dive in 'at work' operations will usually be below two; some recreational dives may have many more than two divers per dive.
The spatial distribution and size structure of two infaunal filter‐feeding bivalves, that is, Sakhalin surf clam Spisula sachalinensis (Schrenck, 1862) and dwarf sunray surf clam Mactra crossei (Dunker, 1877), and an epibenthic deposit feeder, namely the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis (A. Agassiz, 1864), were investigated on an open sandy beach in northern Japan after the tsunami caused by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. Settlement of S. sachalinensis was relatively abundant in the 2011‐ and 2012‐year classes, but then substantially decreased until the early months of 2013. The 0+‐year‐old distribution was associated mainly with a depth gradient and weakly with the median grain size of the sediment. Mactra crossei had (1) an inverse trend in long‐shore variation in abundance at 2+ years of age and (2) later‐post‐settlement processes that regulated its population dynamics, compared to those of S. sachalinensis . The 2010‐year classes for both Mactridae species survived until 2+ years of age, although their abundance showed a high level of spatial variation. Scaphechinus mirabilis showed fine‐scale spatial variation in their recruitment dynamics. The cross‐shore distribution of S. mirabilis showed a clear ontogenetic shift from shallow to deep water. The cross‐shore distribution of small S. mirabilis (<40 mm in test diameter) overlapped that of the juvenile S. sachalinensis , but their interaction was unclear. Overall, the level of spatial and temporal recruitment variation was relatively high in each species. However, the tsunami has scarcely influenced the cross‐shore distribution and population structure of each species.
Eksperimentalni kolektori za sakupljanje mlađi školjkaša bili su postavljeni u periodu od jula 2017. do oktobra 2017. odnosno decembra 2017. godine i od avgusta 2017. do februara 2018. godine na tri postojeća uzgajališta školjki i riba u Bokokotorskom zalivu. Na kolektorima koji su bili postavljeni u junu 2017. godine, nakon imerzije od 4 odnosno 6 mjeseci determinisane su 4 alohtone vrste: školjka Pinctada radiata, sunđer Paraleucila magna i mahovnjaci Bugula neritina i plaštaš Styela plicata. Na kolektorima postavljenim u avgustu 2017. godine na uzgajalištu u Kamenarima bile su zabilježene iste alohtone vrste kao i na prethodnim kolektorima dok u Orahovcu nije bila zabilježena pomenuta alohtona vrsta školjke, dok su ostale vrste bile su iste. Prema literaturnim podacima, do sada je determinisano najmanje 25 alohtonih vrsta koje pripadaju bentosu, a vrste poput Styela plicata i Paraleucila magna se često nalaze na eksperimentalnim kolektorima.
Istraživanje diverziteta morskih školjki je sprovedeno tokom proljeća 2022. godine na ukupno tri lokaliteta duž crnogorskog primorja (Drobni pijesak, Crni rt, Štrbina) koji predstavljaju potencijalne lokalitete za marikulturu. Ukupno je identifikovano 39 vrsta školjki iz 18 porodica. Najbrojnija je bila porodica Veneridae sa ukupno osam vrsta. Od komercijalno važnih vrsta se izdvajaju Arca noae, Chamelea gallina, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Polititapes aureus i Venus verrucosa. Na sva tri lokaliteta je evidentirano prisustvo zaštićene vrste, Lithophaga lithophaga (Linnaeus, 1758) koja je pod negativnim pritiskom ilegalnog izlova. Ni na jednom od istraživanih lokaliteta nije evidentirana kritično ugrožena vrsta Pinna nobilis, kao ni prisustvo alohtonih vrsta školjki.
This paper presents an updated inventory of marine bivalves of Montenegro. The checklist based on published literature and
recent research includes 165 taxa. Eleven taxa are recorded here for the first time in Montenegrin coastal waters. Six species are
non-indigenous, while one is crytogenic. Two species (Lithophaga lithophaga and Pinna nobilis) are additionally listed in Annex
IV of the Habitat Directive and are therefore protected fauna species in Montenegro. Three species are strictly protected according
to the Bern Convention (Appendix II), while four species are endangered or threatened according to the Barcelona Convention
(1976, Annex II). Pinna nobilis is considered to be Critically Endangered due to mass mortality. Finaly, as Thyasira orahovaziana
is a questionable taxon as its validity is uncertain (taxon inquirendum) it is excluded from the checklist, as well as the taxa Spaniorinus reconditus which is extinct and Mytilus edulis, whose occurrence in Montenegrin coastal waters is uncertain.
Noble pen shells (Pinna nobilis) along the Eastern Adriatic coast were affected by mass mortalities similarly to the populations across the Mediterranean basin. Samples of live animals and organs originating from sites on Mljet Island on the south and the Istrian peninsula on the north of the Croatian Adriatic coast were analyzed using histology and molecular techniques to detect the presence of the previously described Haplosporidium pinnae and Mycobacterium spp. as possible causes of these mortalities. To obtain more information on the pattern of the spread of the mortalities, a study was undertaken in Mljet National Park, an area with a dense population of noble pen shells. The results of the diagnostic analysis and the velocity of the spread of the mortalities showed a significant correlation between increases in water temperature and the onset of mortality. Moderate to heavy lesions of the digestive glands were observed in specimens infected with H. pinnae. A phylogenetic analysis of the detected Haplosporidium pinnae showed an identity of 99.7 to 99.8% with isolates from other Mediterranean areas, while isolated Mycobacterium spp. showed a higher heterogeneity among isolates across the Mediterranean. The presence of Mycobacterium spp. in clinically healthy animals a few months before the onset of mortality imposes the need for further clarification of its role in mortality events.
