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... While in raised bed, wheat are plant on the bed which is practiced by dividing the field into narrow strips of raised beds separated by furrows (Soomro et al., 2017). In raised bed irrigation system, the plants are grown on the beds which use irrigation water efficiently and ensure better crop growth under heavy rains (Berkout et al., 1997). Wheat is an important staple food crop in Ethiopia. ...
... Raised bed irrigation in wheat production, save more than 30-35% of irrigation water, 13.4% higher grain yield than the flat border irrigation method (Ahmad et al., 2010, Hussain et al., 2018. Similarly, the average irrigation duration decreased by 35.6 % in the case of bed and furrow irrigation method (Hassan et al., 2005, Ahmad andMahmood, 2005) and improves 15% higher fertilizer use efficiency (Majeed et al., 2015). Kalwij et al. (1999) found that 30.6 % decrease in time spent on irrigation water application in bed and furrow irrigation method for cotton production. ...
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... While in raised bed, wheat are plant on the bed which is practiced by dividing the field into narrow strips of raised beds separated by furrows (Soomro et al., 2017). In raised bed irrigation system, the plants are grown on the beds which use irrigation water efficiently and ensure better crop growth under heavy rains (Berkout et al., 1997). Wheat is an important staple food crop in Ethiopia. ...
... Raised bed irrigation in wheat production, save more than 30-35% of irrigation water, 13.4% higher grain yield than the flat border irrigation method (Ahmad et al., 2010, Hussain et al., 2018. Similarly, the average irrigation duration decreased by 35.6 % in the case of bed and furrow irrigation method (Hassan et al., 2005, Ahmad andMahmood, 2005) and improves 15% higher fertilizer use efficiency (Majeed et al., 2015). Kalwij et al. (1999) found that 30.6 % decrease in time spent on irrigation water application in bed and furrow irrigation method for cotton production. ...
The potential yields of improved maize varieties could not be fully realized mainly due to inappropriate soil nutrient management in most parts of the country. The site-specific recommendation is not often used to cover diverse agro-ecologies disregarding the variability in the cropping system, soil fertility, and other factors. This has highly hampered maize productivity resulting in an overall low average national maize grain yield. In view of this, a study was conducted for three consecutive rainy seasons in the maize belt areas of the northwestern parts of the Amhara National Regional State to obtain the maximum achievable yield potentials of maize, to determine the most yield-limiting nutrients, and to create a strong database of maize responses to applied nutrients so that decision support tools could be assessed for the study area. The yield-limiting potential of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was intensively evaluated by omitting each of the three nutrients. Sulfur and Zn nutrients, as well as lime and compost, were added to improve the efficiency of NPK on the yield of maize. Two high-yielding hybrid maize varieties (BH-540 and BH-660) were used for the study. BH-540 was used for the Mecha district while BH-660 was used for the south Achefer, Jabitahnan, Burrie, and Womberma districts. The finding of the research showed us that yield was increased by more than 50% due to fertilizer applications. The achievable yield potential of maize for the study sites was more than 12 t ha-1 for both varieties. The most yield-limiting nutrient in the study sites was nitrogen followed by phosphorus. Potassium was not a yield-limiting nutrient for the study sites. Without nitrogen, the yield potential of both varieties was insignificant from the control (without nutrients). The result also showed very high variability with sites, indicating site-specific fertilizer consultation is important for the policymakers, farmers, and investors. Finally, intensive plant response to NPK database for maize was generated and could be used to devise site-specific decision support tools.
Keywords: Achievable yield potential, Maize, NPK, Nutrient omission, Yield-limiting nutrients
... While in raised bed, wheat are plant on the bed which is practiced by dividing the field into narrow strips of raised beds separated by furrows (Soomro et al., 2017). In raised bed irrigation system, the plants are grown on the beds which use irrigation water efficiently and ensure better crop growth under heavy rains (Berkout et al., 1997). Wheat is an important staple food crop in Ethiopia. ...
... Raised bed irrigation in wheat production, save more than 30-35% of irrigation water, 13.4% higher grain yield than the flat border irrigation method (Ahmad et al., 2010, Hussain et al., 2018. Similarly, the average irrigation duration decreased by 35.6 % in the case of bed and furrow irrigation method (Hassan et al., 2005, Ahmad andMahmood, 2005) and improves 15% higher fertilizer use efficiency (Majeed et al., 2015). Kalwij et al. (1999) found that 30.6 % decrease in time spent on irrigation water application in bed and furrow irrigation method for cotton production. ...
... While in raised bed, wheat are plant on the bed which is practiced by dividing the field into narrow strips of raised beds separated by furrows (Soomro et al., 2017). In raised bed irrigation system, the plants are grown on the beds which use irrigation water efficiently and ensure better crop growth under heavy rains (Berkout et al., 1997). Wheat is an important staple food crop in Ethiopia. ...
... Raised bed irrigation in wheat production, save more than 30-35% of irrigation water, 13.4% higher grain yield than the flat border irrigation method (Ahmad et al., 2010, Hussain et al., 2018. Similarly, the average irrigation duration decreased by 35.6 % in the case of bed and furrow irrigation method (Hassan et al., 2005, Ahmad andMahmood, 2005) and improves 15% higher fertilizer use efficiency (Majeed et al., 2015). Kalwij et al. (1999) found that 30.6 % decrease in time spent on irrigation water application in bed and furrow irrigation method for cotton production. ...
... While in raised bed, wheat are plant on the bed which is practiced by dividing the field into narrow strips of raised beds separated by furrows (Soomro et al., 2017). In raised bed irrigation system, the plants are grown on the beds which use irrigation water efficiently and ensure better crop growth under heavy rains (Berkout et al., 1997). Wheat is an important staple food crop in Ethiopia. ...
... Raised bed irrigation in wheat production, save more than 30-35% of irrigation water, 13.4% higher grain yield than the flat border irrigation method (Ahmad et al., 2010, Hussain et al., 2018. Similarly, the average irrigation duration decreased by 35.6 % in the case of bed and furrow irrigation method (Hassan et al., 2005, Ahmad andMahmood, 2005) and improves 15% higher fertilizer use efficiency (Majeed et al., 2015). Kalwij et al. (1999) found that 30.6 % decrease in time spent on irrigation water application in bed and furrow irrigation method for cotton production. ...
... Generally, the wheat crop is sown on flat, which often endangers the crop by excess irrigation. In the bed and furrow irrigation systems, the plants are grown on raised beds which not only use irrigation water more efficiently but also ensure better crop growth under heavy rains (Berkout, Yasmeen, Maqsood, & Kalwij, 1997). ...
... Generally, the wheat crop is sown on flat, which often endangers the crop by excess irrigation. In the bed and furrow irrigation systems, the plants are grown on raised beds which not only use irrigation water more efficiently but also ensure better crop growth under heavy rains (Berkout, Yasmeen, Maqsood, & Kalwij, 1997). ...
... However, application efficiency of basin irrigation is very low. Berkhout, 1997 [27] attributed the low application efficiency of basin irrigation to in-Journal of Water Resource and Protection filtration characteristics of soil, field undulations, intake discharge and runoff. ...
... Generally, the wheat crop is sown on flat, which often endangers the crop by excess irrigation. In the bed and furrow irrigation systems, the plants are grown on raised beds which not only use irrigation water more efficiently but also ensure better crop growth under heavy rains (Berkout, Yasmeen, Maqsood, & Kalwij, 1997). ...
Field experiments were conducted to determine the optimal range of bed width under the bed and furrow irrigation technique of wheat at Koga (clay soil) and Rib (loam soil) irrigation scheme, North West Amhara, Ethiopia during 2016/17 and 17/18 irrigation seasons. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design having seven treatments of (40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 cm) bed width and the recommended water depth for each treatment and each site were measured and applied through Parshall flume. It was found that bed width on a raised bed in different soil texture had significantly affected yield and water productivity of wheat. The result indicated that 60 cm to 80 cm bed width at Koga showed up to 26% yield advantage and saves about 25% irrigation water as compared to farmer practice. Similarly, Plant height has statically difference with farmer practice but the panicle length of wheat has no significant difference between the normal irrigation practice and the optimal bed width. Moreover, using 100 cm to 140 cm bed width at Rib (loamy soil) has up to 27% yield advantage and saves 28% irrigation water as compared to farmer practice. The plant height showed a statically significant difference but the panicle length of wheat has no significant difference between the farmer irrigation practice and the optimum bed width. Therefore, we concluded that the cultivation method under different soil texture and raised bed width affect yield and water productivity of
... The participants confirmed that the baseline practice of the farmers' basin irrigation method coupled with their own irrigation water scheduling was one of the main causes of poor water man- agement, salinization problems and subsequent productivity decline. Similarly, a participatory interview held with a group of farmers in Pakistan reported that the basin irrigation method aggravates soil salinization problems ( Berkhout et al., 1997). ...
