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Basidiospores and eucapillitium under SEM. A Calvatia cyathiformis. B C. cyathiformis var. chilensis ; C C. fragilis ; D C. rugosa ; E Gastropila fragilis ; F Langermannia bicolor . G – H eucapillitium of Langermannia bicolor var. cirrifera .
Source publication
The diversity of the lycoperdaceous genera Calvatia, Gastropila and Langermannia in the mycobiota of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil) was investigated. These genera are considered distinct, based on the structure of the gleba and subgleba, and basidiospore characters. The following taxa were identified in the area: Calvatia cyathifo...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... composed of globose to subglobose, thick-walled hyphae, 11 -35 × 8.5 -17.5 μm, smooth and thick-walled, pale yellow under KOH. Figs 1E -F, 3D, 4A -C. Fig. 4. A -C Calvatia rugosa. ...
Context 2
... composed by chains of subcylindrical to subglobose hyphae, 16 -40 × 10 -23 μm, smooth and thick-walled, yellowish-brown under KOH. Figs 1G, 3E, 4D -F. ...
Context 3
... as in the typical variety. Figs 3G -H Patouillard (1924) recognised this taxon as a distinct form, proposing Lanopila bicolor f. cirrifera Pat. based on a specimen from the Venezuelan savanna ("llanos") sent to him. Our collection was gathered in a similar vegetation type, a combination of native grasslands with low shrubs, such as the dwarf-palm (Butia lallemantii) and several smaller species of Myrtaceae (Marchiori 2004). ...
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Citations
... The genus Calvatia presents several controversies regarding its position (Zeller & Smith, 1964;Kreisel, 1989Kreisel, , 1992Kreisel, , 1994Lange, 1993), all as described by Cortez et al. (2012), who present good arguments reflecting the great diversity of this genus of mushrooms. In some studies, researchers classify all species into a single Calvatia sensu lato, while other studies have divided the genus into different, but related, genera (Gastropila, Handkea Kreisel, Langermannia, and Lanopila Fr.). ...
... In some studies, researchers classify all species into a single Calvatia sensu lato, while other studies have divided the genus into different, but related, genera (Gastropila, Handkea Kreisel, Langermannia, and Lanopila Fr.). In this study, where we report the first study of C. fragilis, we followed the generic concepts of Calonge (1998), Calonge & Martín (1990), and Cortez et al. (2012), where they discuss its limits under morphological criteria, including peridium, gleba, and structure of basidiospores examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in our study, by optical microscopy (OM). ...
... However, these studies have been inconclusive; in general, the taxa are considered to be exclusively from the European continent and temperate climates. Following the same reasoning as Cortez et al. (2012), in our first report for the State of Goiás, Brazil, we classify Calvatia, specifically C. fragilis, based on morphology. This approach will be maintained until Neotropical species are more extensively sampled. ...
Calvatia fragilis, a species belonging to the Basidiomycota phylum, is noted for its presence in tropical and neotropical regions. However, this fungus has been scarcely documented in natural habitats in Brazil. The present study aims to enhance the understanding of the geographical distribution of Calvatia fragilis, reporting the first record of this species in a Cerrado ecosystem, specifically in the Brazilian Midwest, in the State of Goiás. The discovery site is an area dedicated to agricultural production, characterized by a red dystroferric clay soil. In December 2023, specimens of Calvatia fragilis were collected in this region. The gathered basidiomes were meticulously catalogued and identified using a specific identification key for the Calvatia genus. Prior to this study, records of the species were limited to the States of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Rio Grande do Sul. This research expands the knowledge on the distribution of Calvatia fragilis, now including the State of Goiás among the Brazilian areas where this fungus occurs.
... South America (Patouillard 1924). Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul state (Silveira 1943, Cortez et al. 2012 and Rio Grande do Norte state (this study). ...
... cirrifera is morphologically related to L. bicolor (Lév.) Demoulin & Dring in shape, size, color, and spore ornamentation, but is distinguished by the purplish-colored peridium and gleba and two types of thicker (primary) and thinner (secondary) capillitium with windings, in the form of tendril filaments (Patouillard 1924, Silveira 1943, Cortez et al. 2012. Our specimen matches the description of L. bicolor var. ...
... Our specimen matches the description of L. bicolor var. cirrifera of Cortez et al. (2012) for the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil; however, they have smaller basidiospores (3.8-5 lm diam.) and larger capillitium hyphae (3.5-9 lm diam.), in addition to presenting a distinct habitat (native Savanoid meadow, composed of native grasses). Our specimen still resembles Langermannia bicolor var. ...
... Another distinctive feature is its long rhizomorphic extension of 20-200 mm in diameter and 10-100 mm high, which folds at the base and is attached by one or more thin rhizomorphs (Wright & Albertó 2006). Cortez et al. (2012) consider this species a synonym of C. cyathiformis but other authors differ and consider C. cyathiformis as a different species (Verma et al. 2018). ...
A first review of Gasteroid fungi (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) in Paraguay). Based on the available literature, a list of 40 gasteroid species recorded in Paraguay since the earliest known collection is presented. A total of forty species are reported, distributed among 16 genera and 4 families. This work represents the first compilation of data available on this group of fungi for Paraguay. These numbers reveal the scarce amount of species formally cited for the Paraguayan Funga.
... Another distinctive feature is its long rhizomorphic extension of 20-200 mm in diameter and 10-100 mm high, which folds at the base and is attached by one or more thin rhizomorphs (Wright & Albertó 2006). Cortez et al. (2012) consider this species a synonym of C. cyathiformis but other authors differ and consider C. cyathiformis as a different species (Verma et al. 2018). ...
Based on the available literature, a list of 40 gasteroid species recorded in Paraguay since the earliest known collection is presented. A total of forty species are reported, distributed among 16 genera and 4 families. This work represents the first compilation of data available on this group of fungi for Paraguay. These numbers reveal the scarce amount of species formally cited for the Paraguayan Funga.
... Nos basidiomas mais maduros, a subgleba é bastante reduzida a ausente, característica que a diferencia de Calvatia cyathiformis (Bosc) Morgan. Apesar de ser uma espécie com ampla distribuição nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais do continente americano (Cortez et al. 2012), trata-se do primeiro registro da espécie para o Estado de São Paulo. Habitat: basidiomas esparsos na serrapilheira, sobre solo dentro da mata. ...
RESUMO O conhecimento acerca da diversidade e distribuição de fungos gasteroides aumentou consideravelmente durante as últimas duas décadas. Entretanto, ainda há regiões no país onde não existem registros de ocorrência desses organismos, e por outro lado, há espécies que foram registradas apenas para poucas localidades. Cerca de 70 espécies de fungos gasteroides são listadas para o Estado de São Paulo (Sudeste brasileiro), porém esse número pode ser aumentado com um maior esforço de coletas e estudos. O objetivo deste artigo é registrar pela primeira vez a ocorrência de nove espécies para o Estado de São Paulo: Calvatia fragilis, C. guzmanii, Cyathus julietae, Geastrum argentinum, G. minimum, G. violaceum, Phallus glutinolens, Scleroderma areolatum e Vascellum pampeanum, sendo que essa última também representa um novo registro para o Brasil. Ainda, comentários adicionais são apresentados para as espécies Abrachium floriforme, Arachnion album e Phallus rubicundus.
... However, C. fragilis is clearly distinguished from C. cyathiformis in the field by having a distinctly plicate fruitbody with reduced to almost nil subgleba. Microscopically, C. cyathiformis differs from C. fragilis in the strongly echinate basidiospores with broad spines that are up to 2 µm long, whereas, C. fragilis has echinate spores with shorter spines up to 0.5 µm long (Cortez et al. 2012). ...
... fragilis (Vittadini 1843: 180) Dring (1964 (Dring & Rayner 1967) and a synonym (Calonge 1998) of C. cyathiformis. However, Kreisel (1992) placed C. fragilis as a distinct species and the contemporary researchers (Larsson & Jeppson 2008, Bates et al. 2009, Trierveiler-Pereira & Baseia 2009, Cortez et al. 2012) also treated it as a separate species. In the present manuscript, C. fragilis is retained as a distinct species until conclusive reports are available. ...
... Calvatia rugosa (Berkeley & Curtis in Berkeley 1868: 345) Reid (1977 (Cortez et al. 2012) closely resembles C. natarajanii in having similar shaped and sized basidiomes (23-83 mm diam., 19-66 mm high), similar sized, yellowish brown basidiospores (3-5 µm) and capillitial threads (2-4.5 µm diam.). However, C. rugosa morphologically clearly differs from C. natarajanii in having purplish brown to dark brown basidiomes, a granulose to furfuraceous exoperidium with pinkish brown tints at the base, turning yellow on bruising, becoming orange-yellow overall with age and a gleba that exudes distinctly orange-yellow pigment when cut or injured and becomes olive yellow (Cortez et al. 2012) to brownish yellow (Bates et al. 2009) in age. ...
A new species, Calvatia natarajanii, is presented as well as brief notes on the distribution of Calvatia sensu stricto and Langermannia in India. Calvatia natarajanii is distinguished by basidiomes having yellowish white to orange-white exoperidium, brownish orange to grayish red, persistent endoperidium, grayish orange to brownish orange cottony gleba, persistent cellular subgleba and globose to subglobose, echinulate basidiospores. It is described, illustrated and compared with the closely related taxa C. cyathiformis, C. fragilis, C. rugosa, C. aff. rugosa, C. pyriformis, C. vinosa and C. rosacea. Maximum Parsimony analysis based on ITS sequences confirmed that C. natarajanii is closely related to C. fragilis and distinct from other morphologically similar species. In addition, a key to the species of Calvatia and Langermannia recorded in India is presented. Four species recognized under Calvatia are excluded from the key since their transfer to Lycoperdon.
... Observaciones: las características del basidioma, la ornamentación de la espora y la forma y tamaño de los poros del capilicio permitieron la identificación de esta especie, coincidiendo con lo reportado por Cortez et al. (2012). Calvatia rugosa es terrícola y de hábito solitario. ...
Antecedentes y Objetivos: Los gasteromicetes son un grupo artificial de hongos con basidiomas gasteroides que presentan un himenio encerrado. Actualmente, se ubican en las subclases Agaricomycetidae y Phallomycetidae de la clase Agaricomycetes del Phylum Basidiomycota. Hasta ahora no existe un trabajo que los aborde específicamente en el bosque mesófilo de montaña (BMM), por lo que el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la diversidad taxonómica de los Agaricomycetes gasteroides del BMM.Métodos: Se realizaron 10 exploraciones de 2012 a 2015 a los BMM de los municipios Molango de Escamilla, Tlanchinol y Zacualtipán de los Ángeles en el estado de Hidalgo, México. Adicionalmente, se revisó la colección de hongos del herbario ENCB. Los especímenes se estudiaron siguiendo las técnicas tradicionales micológicas y se encuentran depositados en las colecciones micológicas ENCB y MEXU.Resultados clave: Se estudiaron 20 especies de Agaricomycetes gasteroides pertenecientes a 12 géneros, seis familias y cinco órdenes de las subclases Agaricomycetidae y Phallomycetidae dentro de la clase Agaricomycetes. De éstas, Aseroë rubra, Calvatia rugosa, Laternea pusilla, Lycoperdon eximium, L. juruense, L. marginatum, L. nigrescens, Mutinus bambusinus, Scleroderma michiganense y Protubera jamaicensis son nuevos registros para el estado de Hidalgo.Conclusiones: Al igual que otros grupos de hongos, los gasteroides presentaron una alta diversidad en los bosques mesófilos de montaña de Hidalgo. Anteriormente, se habían registrado solamente 10 especies y en este trabajo se duplica el número de registros para el estado. Se considera necesario seguir realizando exploraciones micológicas para un mejor conocimiento de los micobiota en este ecosistema.
... Observaciones: las características del basidioma, la ornamentación de la espora y la forma y tamaño de los poros del capilicio permitieron la identificación de esta especie, coincidiendo con lo reportado por Cortez et al. (2012). Calvatia rugosa es terrícola y de hábito solitario. ...
Antecedentes y Objetivos:
Los gasteromicetes son un grupo artificial de hongos con basidiomas gasteroides que presentan un himenio encerrado. Actualmente, se ubican en las subclases Agaricomycetidae y Phallomycetidae de la clase Agaricomycetes del Phylum Basidiomycota. Hasta ahora no existe un trabajo que los aborde específicamente en el bosque mesófilo de montaña (BMM), por lo que el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la diversidad taxonómica de los Agaricomycetes gasteroides del BMM.
Métodos:
Se realizaron 10 exploraciones de 2012 a 2015 a los BMM de los municipios Molango de Escamilla, Tlanchinol y Zacualtipán de Ángeles en el estado de Hidalgo, México. Adicionalmente, se revisó la colección de hongos del herbario ENCB. Los especímenes se estudiaron siguiendo las técnicas tradicionales micológicas y se encuentran depositados en las colecciones micológicas ENCB y MEXU.
Resultados clave:
Se estudiaron 20 especies de Agaricomycetes gasteroides pertenecientes a 12 géneros, seis familias y cinco órdenes de las subclases Agaricomycetidae y Phallomycetidae dentro de la clase Agaricomycetes. De éstas, Aseroë rubra, Calvatia rugosa, Laternea pusilla, Lycoperdon eximium, L. juruense, L. marginatum, L. nigrescens, Mutinus bambusinus, Scleroderma michiganense y Protubera jamaicensis son nuevos registros para el estado de Hidalgo.
Conclusiones:
Al igual que otros grupos de hongos, los gasteroides presentaron una alta diversidad en los bosques mesófilos de montaña de Hidalgo. Anteriormente, se habían registrado solamente 12 especies y en este trabajo se mencionan 10 más para el estado. Se considera necesario seguir realizando exploraciones micológicas para un mejor conocimiento de los micobiota en este ecosistema.
... Calvatia fragilis pode ser reconhecida pelos basidiomas subglobosos e frágeis, apresentando subgleba reduzida ou ausente e, rizomorfa basal espessada e bem desenvolvida, além de basidiosporos verrucosos. Esta espécie tem ocorrência para biomas do hemisfério norte e foi, anteriormente, reportada para biomas das regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil (CORTEZ et al., 2012). Agora está sendo reportada para área de Caatinga do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. ...
Por muitos anos o semiárido brasileiro, tão peculiar em suas paisagens e biodiversidade, ficou em segundo plano nos projetos que visavam identificar a riqueza de fungos, tanto pela dificuldade de apoio logístico nas atividades de campo, como por suas dimensões e distância dos centros de pesquisa. Somente a partir de 2004, com a implementação do Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade do Semiárido (PPBio Semiárido/CNPq/MCT), foi possível a realização de inventários em áreas consideradas, pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente, de extrema importância biológica para conservação.
O apoio financeiro do PPBio possibilitou a aquisição de equipamentos, a realização de expedições de campo, bem como bolsas de apoio técnico. Além disso, as pesquisas foram apoiadas através do aporte de bolsas de mestrado implementadas pelo Programa de Capacitação em Taxonomia (PROTAX/ CNPq/CAPES) e projetos de doutorado do Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução (PPgSE/CAPES) e Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Fungos (PPgBF). Esse apoio tornou possível a expressiva formação de recursos humanos em micologia com ênfase nos fungos gasteroides. As diversas expedições de coletas em áreas do semiárido nos estados da Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí e Rio Grande do Norte, viabilizaram a produção de monografias, dissertações e teses.
Alguns desses resultados são apresentados aqui, como a caracterização, mapas de distribuição, chaves de identificação e fotos para todas as espécies coletadas e estudadas pelo projeto em diferentes locais da região semiárida, de modo a auxiliar a identificação dos táxons. O texto foi escrito com a finalidade de atender tanto aos profissionais da área quanto ao público leigo em geral e cumpre a função primordial de desmistificar a ideia de que o semiárido nordestino possui baixa diversidade de espécies de fungos gasteroides.
... In Brazil, several mycologists have contributed to the knowledge of this group (Hennings [15], Silveira [16], Rick [17], Baseia [18], Wartchow and Silva [19], Baseia and Calonge [20], Cortez et al. [21], Cortez and Alves [22], and Alves and Cortez [23]). However, there were no records for the genus Calvatia in "brejos. ...
... Calvatia rugosa (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) D. A. Reid, reported from Brazil, shows a basidiospore ornamentation similar to our species (Cortez et al. [21]). Calvatia nodulata is easily distinguished from Calvatia guzmanii C. R. Alves & Cortez because C. guzmanii is characterized by a distinctly spinose exoperidium, smooth endoperidium, persistent subgleba, and smooth capillitium with abundant pores (Alves and Cortez [23]). ...
Studies carried out in tropical rain forest enclaves in semiarid region of Brazil revealed a new species of
Calvatia
. The basidiomata were collected during the rainy season of 2009 and 2012 in two states of Northeast Brazil. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were based on dried basidiomata with the aid of light microscope and scanning electron microscope.
Calvatia nodulata
is recognized by its pyriform to turbinate basidiomata, exoperidium granulose to pilose and not persistent, subgleba becoming hollow at maturity, nodulose capillitium, and punctate basidiospores (3–5
μ
m). Detailed description, taxonomic comments, and illustrations with photographs and drawings are provided.
