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Basidiomata of Heinemannomyces splendidissimus. a Basidiomata showing leaden-blue lamellae and floccose pileus surface (GDGM 46633) b Basidiomata showing dark blue lamellae and floccose pileus surface (GDGM 46633) c Basidiomata showing blue lamellae and slightly depressed pileus disc (GDGM 46634) d Basidiomata showing pileus surface and a reddening context when cut (GDGM 46635). Scale bars: 20 mm.
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Xanthagaricus flavosquamosus
andX. necopinatus, two new species of Agaricaceae, are described and illustrated from Asia. Macroscopically, both species are closely related to each other, but there are obvious micromorphological and molecular differences between them. Morphological and phylogenetic data showed that the two new species are distinct fr...
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Citations
... Species of Hymenagaricus are saprotrophic in nature and are mostly distributed in the Palaeotropical Regions. Members of this genus are recognised by the squamulose pellicle on the pileus surface that mostly consists of hymeniform cells or pseudoparenchymatous tissues, yellow to yellowish-brown basidiospores and the absence of both pleurocystidia and clamp connections (Heinemann and Little Flower 1984;Reid and Eicker 1995;Little Flower et al. 1997;Hosen et al. 2017;Al-Kharousi et al. 2022a). The number of known species in the genus is 17 (Hussain et al. 2018;Kumla et al. 2021Kumla et al. , 2023Syed et al. 2023). ...
... Phylogenetically, species of Hymenagaricus are intermixed with the monotypic genus Heinemannomyces Watling (Hosen et al. 2017;Hussain et al. 2018). This intermixing may be due to limited molecular data available for the previously-described species of Hymenagaricus. ...
... This is the reason that we used only ITS and 28S sequences in the phylogenetic analyses. A combined ITS-28S dataset was constructed from the sequences used in the recent studies of Hymenagaricus (Mwanga and Tibuhwa 2014;Hosen et al. 2017;Kumla et al. 2021Kumla et al. , 2023Syed et al. 2023). The final ITS-28S dataset was comprised of 27 specimens, including 26 ITS and 20 28S sequences (Table 1). ...
Hymenagaricus has small to medium-sized mushrooms and the cap surface with squamulose pellicles, consisting of hymeniform or pseudoparenchymatous cells and yellowish-brown basidiospores. The species of Hymenagaricus are very similar to those of Xanthagaricus and it is extremely difficult to differentiate the species of both genera in the field. However, phylogenetically, both the genera are clearly distinct. In this study, we describe two new species of Hymenagaricus, i.e. H. wadijarzeezicus and H. parvulus from the southern part of Oman. Species descriptions are based on a combination of morphological characteristics of basidiomata and phylogenetic analyses of three gene regions: internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA (28S) and translation elongation factor one alpha (EF-1α). Full descriptions, micrographs and illustration of anatomical features, basidiomata photos and phylogenetic analyses results of the new taxa are provided. Morphological comparisons of new taxa with similar species and a key to species included in the phylogenetic analyses are also provided.
... Xanthagaricus to genus level on account of its morphological characters. Phylogenetic analyses based on molecular characters also supported their independent generic status (Hussain et al. 2017;Hosen et al. 2017Hosen et al. , 2018Kumla et al. 2021). The genus Xanthagaricus accommodates the species with basidiomata smaller to rarely medium-sized, a pileus with distinctive woolly squamules and appendiculate margin; lamellae free, brown, in some cases ink-blue at maturity; stipe cylindrical, almost equal, slightly broader at the apex ; spores brown, subglobose to ellipsoid, smooth or slightly ornamented, thick-walled; pleurocystidia absent; pileal surface a disrupted epicutis of radial hyphae with an abundance of spherical or subspherical cells; squamules of pseudoparenchymatous structure; clamp connections absent (Little Flower et al. 1997;Al-Kharousi et al. 2022). ...
... and ….gACCT]-CAAAT 3' end) following Dentinger et al. (2011) and then BLAST searched in the NCBI to determine the closest match. For phylogeny reconstruction, sequences were retrieved from genBank based on initial BLAST results and from recently published phylogenetic data (Hussain et al. 2017;Hosen et al. 2017Hosen et al. , 2018Kumla et al. 2021). Coniolepiota spongodes (Berk. ...
... Hymenagaricus pakistanicus is closely allied to Heinemannomyces splendidissimus Watling (1999Watling ( [1998:135) (Fig. 2). Nevertheless, both genera show marked divergence in their morphological characters, as Heinemannomyces splendidissimus has relatively large basidiomata (pileus up to 64 mm diam) with a pileus surface having woollyarachnoid veil remnants composed of cylindrical hyphae; lamellae that are dark blue to bluish gray, a delicate and fugacious annulus and no hymeniform cells (Watling 1999;Hosen et al. 2017). H. pakistanicus has small to medium size basidiomata with dark brown squamules on the pileus disc, brown lamellae, no annulus and subglobose to irregular hymeniform cells on the pileus surface. ...
Hymenagaricus pakistanicus, a new taxon of the family Agaricaceae from District Karak, is described based on morphology and molecular phylogeny. It is characterized macroscopically by a broad flat pileus with squamules located in the center along with some minute scattered squamules towards the margin, and microscopically by yellowish brown basidiospores. Additionally, the striate margin and absence of an annulus distinguish H. pakistanicus from other known taxa of Hymenagaricus. The new species forms a separate independent clade within Hymenagaricus in the phylogenetic analysis further supporting its uniqueness. We present the new species with illustrated morphological description and comparison with closely related taxa. Previously, only one species of this genus, H. alphitochrous, had been reported from Pakistan.
... Species in Hymenagaricus are characterized by smallsized to medium-sized basidiomata with a squamulose pileus, wherein the squamules are made up of hymeniform or pseudoparenchymatous tissues, basidiospores are yellowish-brown to brown, and absence of pleurocystidia and clamp connections (Heinemann & Little Flower 1984;Reid & Eicker 1995;Little Flower et al. 1997). However, Xathagaricus was mainly characterized by white to pale-yellow basidiospores (Heinemann & Little Flower 1984;Ge et al. 2008;Hosen et al. 2017b). To date, there are 15 entries of Hymenagaricus recorded in Index Fungorum (Index Fungorum 2023, accessed on 10 January 2023). ...
... Therefore, the phylogram obtained from the ML analysis was selected and is presented in this study (Figure 1). Our phylogenetic tree was constructed concordantly and has been supported by the outcomes of previous studies (Hussain et al. 2017;Hosen et al. 2017b;Kumla et al. 2018Kumla et al. , 2021Sysouphanthong et al. 2021;Al-Kharousi et al. 2022). Three main clades were assigned according to the findings of previous phylogenetic studies including Clade I (genus Xanthagaricus), Clade II (genus Pseudolepiota) and Clade III (genera Heinemannomyces and Hymenagaricus). ...
A new macro-fungal species, described herein as Hymenagaricus siamensis, was collected from northern Thailand during the period from 2020 to 2022. This species is characterized by its small-sized basidiomata, a squamulose pileipellis consisting of pseudoparenchymatous tissue, yellowish-brown basidiospores and an absence of pleurocystidia and clamp connections. However, it is clearly distinguishable from H. nigroviolaceus by the presence of larger basidiospores and smaller pseudoparenchymatous cells in the squamulose pileus. Phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit (nrLSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) also revealed that the position of H. siamensis is well-supported within the genus Hymenagaricus, but distinct from other sequenced species. A full description, color photographs, illustrations and a phylogenetic tree showing the position of H. siamensis are provided. Comparisons between morphologically similar and related species have also been made and are discussed.
... & T.K. Abraham (1997: 94) Little Flower et al. 1997). The genus is mostly distributed in equatorial paleotropics (Ge et al. 2008), reported from subtropical and tropical regions of Asia and Africa (Reid and Eicker, 1998;Hosen et al. 2017;Hussain et al. 2018;Wang et al. 2018). Species of Xanthagaricus are characterized by a pileate pileus, covered with squamules that are comprised of hymeniform or pseudoparenchymatous cells, and yellowish basidiospores, which maybe globose to broadly ellipsoid (Hussain et al. 2018;Yuan et al. 2020;Sysouphanthong et al. 2021;Al-Kharousi et al. 2022). ...
Many basidiomata collected during a fungal survey of the Indus Riverbed revealed two new taxa in the genus Xanthagaricus. Phylogenetic analyses of the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) & ribosomal Large Subunit (28S) have confirmed that these new species (namely Xanthagaricus punjabensis & Xanthagaricus kotadduensis) form a separate clade with a strong bootstrap value from the closest species of Xanthagaricus. The closest taxon to Xanthagaricus punjabensis is X. Thailandensis, while Xanthagaricus kotadduensis is closely related to X. omanicus. Xanthagaricus punjabensis is unique due to its umbonate disc, dull orange to light yellow lamellae, gray rhizomorphic mycelial mat at the base of stipe, presence of annulus, globose to subglobose basidiospore, narrowly utriform to utriform cheilocystidia, and clavate to broadly clavate caulocystidia. Our second new taxon, X. Kotadduensis, can be characterized by the absence of annulus, utriform to knobbed cheilocystidia, and oblong caulocystidia. Our results strongly support the placement of the new taxa within the genus Xanthagaricus and provide a unique insight into the phylogenetic relationships within this genus. With this addition, the number of known species of Xanthagaricus from Pakistan becomes three.
... Little Flower, Hosag., and T.K. Abraham is a small group of saprotrophic mushrooms in the family Agaricaceae [1][2][3]. Species of Xanthagaricus are characterized by small-sized to rarely medium-sized basidiomata with the squamulose pileus, the squamules comprised of hymeniform or pseudoparenchymatous cells, yellow to yellowish-brown basidiospores, and the absence of both pleurocystidia and clamp connections [1,2,[4][5][6]. Members of Xanthagaricus are mostly distributed in equatorial paleotropics (Figure 1) [7]. To date, there are 26 described species in the genus Xanthagaricus; among these species, eleven species have been reported from India [1,2]; four species from Sri Lanka [1,2,8]; four species from Thailand [9][10][11]; two species from Africa [12,13]; three species from mainland China [5,14,15]; and one species each found in Bangladesh [5], Pakistan [6], and China's Taiwan Island [7]. ...
... Members of Xanthagaricus are mostly distributed in equatorial paleotropics (Figure 1) [7]. To date, there are 26 described species in the genus Xanthagaricus; among these species, eleven species have been reported from India [1,2]; four species from Sri Lanka [1,2,8]; four species from Thailand [9][10][11]; two species from Africa [12,13]; three species from mainland China [5,14,15]; and one species each found in Bangladesh [5], Pakistan [6], and China's Taiwan Island [7]. Previously, no species of Xanthagaricus and other lepiotaceous fungi have been reported from Oman. ...
... Members of Xanthagaricus are mostly distributed in equatorial paleotropics (Figure 1) [7]. To date, there are 26 described species in the genus Xanthagaricus; among these species, eleven species have been reported from India [1,2]; four species from Sri Lanka [1,2,8]; four species from Thailand [9][10][11]; two species from Africa [12,13]; three species from mainland China [5,14,15]; and one species each found in Bangladesh [5], Pakistan [6], and China's Taiwan Island [7]. Previously, no species of Xanthagaricus and other lepiotaceous fungi have been reported from Oman. ...
Xanthagaricus is a saprotrophic mushroom genus with small‐sized basidiomata in the fam‐
ily Agaricaceae (Agaricales). Prior to this study, 26 species belonging to this genus have been de‐
scribed and published. In this study, we reported Xanthagaricus for the first time from Oman with
the description of two new species. Basidiomata of the new species Xanthagaricus appendiculatus and
X. omanicus were collected during the monsoon rains of summer in 2018 in the southern coastal
region of Oman. Species descriptions are based on morphological and molecular characterization.
Phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 = ITS) of the nu‐
clear ribosomal DNA clustered the new species in the Xanthagaricus clade with strong statistical
support. The new species Xanthagaricus appendiculatus can be distinguished from other species by
its purplish pileus with umbonate disc and X. omanicus with the largest pileus (70–90 mm diameter)
among the known species of the genus. A detailed description, photographs, line drawings, and a
phylogenetic tree showing the position of both new species are provided. A dichotomous key to the
known taxa of Xanthagaricus is proposed. Morphological comparisons of new species with known
Xanthagaricus taxa are provided. Our observations highlight the diversity of Xanthagaricus and other
lepiotaceous mushrooms in southern Oman and further document the need for additional system‐
atic focus on the region’s fungi.
... It is a small genus characterized by small basidiomata, a squamulose pileus, white to pale-yellow basidiospores, and the absence of clamp connections. Heinemann and Little Flower [33] considered it a subgenus of Hymenagaricus Heinem., but recent phylogenetic research showed that it did not form a monophyletic group with Hymenagaricus species [34]. Two species were described from Thailand, viz., X. thailandensis J. Kumla, N. Suwannarach and S. Lumyong [35] and X. siamensis Yuan S. Liu and S. Lumyong [36], and here we describe a third species. ...
... Zangmui were identical with those from China. Clarkeinda also forms a monophyletic clade, composed of a Thai specimen from this study, two Thai specimens from Vellinga et al. [2], a specimen from Bangladesh Hosen et al. [34], and a specimen from the type location in Sri Lanka [46]. Figure 2 indicates the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Chlorophyllum species based on nrITS sequences. Data from 126 collections were included, and the alignment dataset comprised 809 characters (including the gaps). ...
... Xanthagaricus necopinatus was originally described from Bangladesh [34], and this is the first report of this species outside that country. Thai specimens completely resemble the type specimens, but the stipe covering of type specimens is a cutis while the Thai specimens have an epithelium on the stipe. ...
In our ongoing research on lepiotaceous taxa (Agaricaceae s.l.) in Laos and northern Thailand, we focus here on Chlorophyllum, Clarkeinda, Macrolepiota, Pseudolepiota, and Xanthagaricus. Collections were obtained from various habitats, including agricultural habitats, grasslands, and rainforests. A total of 12 taxa were examined and investigated. Of these 12, two are new for science; viz. Xanthagaricus purpureosquamulosus with brownish-grey to violet-brown squamules on a pale-violet to violet background; it shares the pileus color with X. caeruleus and X. ianthinus, but differs in other characters; and Macrolepiota excelsa, rather similar to M. procera but related toM. detersa. Two species, Pseudolepiota zangmui and Xanthagaricus necopinatus are recorded for the first time in Thailand. Four species of Chlorophyllum and a total of four species of Macrolepiota were found, viz., C. demangei and C. hortense with white basidiospores, C. molybdites and C. globosum with green basidiospores, M. detersa, M. dolichaula, the new M. excelsa, and M. velosa. Another rather common striking species is Clarkeinda trachodes, with yellow-green basidiospores. Each species is described in detail, with color photographs and line drawings. Phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal (nrLSU) DNA and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes provide evidence for the placement of the species covered.
... 171 and 172). The species was first described from Bangladesh by Hosen et al. (2017). Lao specimens resembled with the type material in terms of (Stamatakis et al. 2008) and maximum parsimony (MP) analysis was performed the program PAUP* 4.0 b10 (Swofford 2004). ...
This article is the 13th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 125 taxa from four phyla, ten classes, 31 orders, 69 families, 92 genera and three genera incertae sedis are treated, demonstrating worldwide and geographic distribution. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include three new genera, 69 new species, one new combination, one reference specimen and 51 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions. Three new genera, Cylindrotorula (Torulaceae), Scolecoleotia (Leotiales genus incertae sedis) and Xenovaginatispora (Lindomycetaceae) are introduced based on distinct phylogenetic lineages and unique morphologies. Newly described species are Aspergillus lannaensis, Cercophora dulciaquae, Cladophialophora aquatica, Coprinellus punjabensis, Cortinarius alutarius, C. mammillatus, C. quercofocculosus, Coryneum fagi, Cruentomycena uttarakhandina, Cryptocoryneum rosae, Cyathus uniperidiolus, Cylindrotorula indica, Diaporthe chamaeropicola, Didymella azollae, Diplodia alanphillipsii, Dothiora coronicola, Efbula rodriguezarmasiae, Erysiphe salicicola, Fusarium queenslandicum, Geastrum gorgonicum, G. hansagiense, Helicosporium sexualis, Helminthosporium chiangraiensis, Hongkongmyces kokensis, Hydrophilomyces hydraenae, Hygrocybe boertmannii, Hyphoderma australosetigerum, Hyphodontia yunnanensis, Khaleijomyces umikazeana, Laboulbenia divisa, Laboulbenia triarthronis, Laccaria populina, Lactarius pallidozonarius, Lepidosphaeria strobelii, Longipedicellata megafusiformis, Lophiotrema lincangensis, Marasmius benghalensis, M. jinfoshanensis, M. subtropicus, Mariannaea camelliae, Melanographium smilaxii, Microbotryum polycnemoides, Mimeomyces digitatus, Minutisphaera thailandensis, Mortierella solitaria, Mucor harpali, Nigrograna jinghongensis, Odontia huanrenensis, O. parvispina, Paraconiothyrium ajrekarii, Parafuscosporella niloticus, Phaeocytostroma yomensis, Phaeoisaria synnematicus, Phanerochaete hainanensis, Pleopunctum thailandicum, Pleurotheciella dimorphospora, Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense, Pseudodactylaria albicolonia, Rhexoacrodictys nigrospora, Russula paravioleipes, Scolecoleotia eriocamporesi, Seriascoma honghense, Synandromyces makranczyi, Thyridaria aureobrunnea, Torula lancangjiangensis, Tubeufa longihelicospora, Wicklowia fusiformispora, Xenovaginatispora phichaiensis and Xylaria apiospora. One new combination, Pseudobactrodesmium stilboideus is proposed. A reference specimen of Comoclathris permunda is designated. New host or distribution records are provided for Acrocalymma fci, Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis, Camarosporidiella laburni, Canalisporium caribense, Chaetoscutula juniperi, Chlorophyllum demangei, C. globosum, C. hortense, Cladophialophora abundans, Dendryphion hydei, Diaporthe foeniculina, D. pseudophoenicicola, D. pyracanthae, Dictyosporium pandanicola, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Ernakulamia tanakae, Eutypa favovirens, E. lata, Favolus septatus, Fusarium atrovinosum, F. clavum, Helicosporium luteosporum, Hermatomyces nabanheensis, Hermatomyces sphaericoides, Longipedicellata aquatica, Lophiostoma caudata, L. clematidisvitalbae, Lophiotrema hydei, L. neoarundinaria, Marasmiellus palmivorus, Megacapitula villosa, Micropsalliota globocystis, M. gracilis, Montagnula thailandica, Neohelicosporium irregulare, N. parisporum, Paradictyoarthrinium difractum, Phaeoisaria aquatica, Poaceascoma taiwanense, Saproamanita manicata, Spegazzinia camelliae, Submersispora variabilis, Thyronectria caudata, T. mackenziei, Tubeufa chiangmaiensis, T. roseohelicospora, Vaginatispora nypae, Wicklowia submersa, Xanthagaricus necopinatus and Xylaria haemorrhoidalis. The data presented herein are based on morphological examination of fresh specimens, coupled with analysis of phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.
... Xanthagaricus species are mainly distributed in Asia and South Africa, of which there are eleven species found in India (Heinemann & Little Flower 1984;Little Flower et al. 1997), four species found in Sri Lanka (Heinemann & Little Flower 1984;Pegler 1986;Little Flower et al. 1997), two species found in Africa (Reid & Eicker 1995, 1998, and three species found in mainland China (Hosen et al. 2017a,b;Wang et al. 2018), and one species each found in Bangladesh (Hosen et al. 2017b), Pakistan (Hussain et al. 2017), China's Taiwan Island (Ge et al. 2008) and Thailand (Kumla et al. 2018). ...
Xanthagaricus siamensis, a new species in the family Agaricaceae, was discovered in northern Thailand and is here introduced based on its morphological features and molecular data. It is characterized by small to medium-sized basidiomata, a convex to plano-convex with depressed center pileus when mature, the presence of greyish orange to violet-brown fibrillose squamules on the pileus, lamellae that start out white, change to pinkish white when damaged, then change to dull green with age. Additionally, the annulus is fugacious, and the pileipellis is recognized as a cutis which morphologically distinguishes it from all other known Xanthagaricus. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrLSU) sequence data indicated that the three specimens of X. siamensis form a distinct lineage within Xanthagaricus, and they formed a well-supported clade representing the genus Xanthagaricus. Detailed illustrations of macro- and micro-morphological characteristics and descriptions are provided, as well as other relevant molecular evidence.
... Xanthagaricus is saprotrophic and belongs to family Agaricaceae within order Agaricales (Little Flower et al. 1997;Kirk et al. 2008;Hosen et al. 2017a;Hussain et al. 2017). Xanthagaricus species are distributed in Asia and Africa (Heineman & Little Flower 1984;Pegler 1986;Reid & Eicker 1998;Little Flower et al. 1997;Ge et al. 2008;Zhao et al. 2010;Hosen et al. 2017aHosen et al. , 2017bHussain et al. 2017). Index Fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp, ...
... January 2018) lists 12 taxa of Xanthagaricus. However, recently Hussain et al. (2017) transferred six species to Xanthagaricus from Hymenagaricus and four new species have been described (Hosen et al. 2017a(Hosen et al. , 2017bHussain et al. 2017), raising the number of known species to 22. ...
... A phylogram of the combined ITS and LSU sequences is shown in Figure 1. Five main clades were assigned according to previous phylogenetic studies (Hosen et al. 2017a;2017b;Hussain et al. 2017 Pileus 3−4.5 cm in diameter, conico-campanulate, hemispherical to convex, not umbonate, surface dry, pale orange (6A2), without any greenish tinge during development, at first covered by a smooth, pale orange (6A2) to grayish orange (6B3), plate-like squamule, with minute, scattered squamules towards the margin; margin at first incurved, appendiculate with white membranous remnants of annulus ( Fig. 2A). Lamellae free, white to pinkish (7A2) when young, then becoming grayish pink (7B2) to brownish orange (5C4), up to 3.5 mm wide, densely crowded, with 2−3 tiers of lamellulae. ...
A new species of agaricomycetes, Xanthagaricus thailandensis, is described based on collections from northern Thailand. This species is characterized by its medium-sized basidiomata, pale orange pileus, a pseudoparenchymatous structure of the squamules on the pileal surface, subcylindrical to clavate caulocystidia and brownish yellow basidiospores. It is clearly distinguished from the previously described Xanthagaricus species by narrow caulocystidia. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on a combination of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, also support the finding that X. thailandensis is distinct from other known species within the genus Xanthagaricus. A full description, color photographs, illustrations and a phylogenetic tree showing the position of X. thailandensis are provided.
A new species, Xanthagaricus lahorensis, is described based on collections from the Lahore District, Pakistan. Morphological data and phylogenetic analyses based on nrITS & LSU supported that the species is undescribed earlier. Xanthagaricus lahorensis is characterized by olive-yellow pileus with olive squamules at center going outward, dull yellowish-brown stipe, rough surface without rhizomorphic mycelial mat, absence of annulus, small, lacrymoid, brown walled with olivaceous gut-tule basidiospores (on average 4.2 × 3.2 µm), clavate, obovoid basidia, obovoid, clavate to broadly clavate cheilocystidia, and presence of clusters of cylindrical caulocystidia. With this new species, seven Xanthagaricus species have been reported from Pakistan. A key to the Pakistani Xanthagaricus species is provided in addition to the new species' full description, illustrations , and phylogenetic analysis results.
