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![Basic block diagram of wireless charging EV system [6].](publication/338699294/figure/fig1/AS:11431281106341955@1670616477995/Basic-block-diagram-of-wireless-charging-EV-system-6.png)
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![Fig. 1: Basic block diagram of wireless charging EV system [6].](publication/338699294/figure/fig1/AS:11431281106341955@1670616477995/Basic-block-diagram-of-wireless-charging-EV-system-6_Q320.jpg)
Electric Vehicle (EV) has been introduced in the recent years due to public awareness of effect of gas emission from traditional car and the extinction of petroleum natural resources. For the charging of EV, dynamic wireless charging is considered in this paper. This is because it is more convenient and saves the charging time since it charges the...
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... wireless charging systems, several components are needed to ensure that power is transferred efficiently from the grid to the car battery, as shown in Fig. 1. The wireless charging process will begin from the DC input, which is the main source power. Then, the DC power will pass through an inverter and compensation to convert it from DC to AC power. For wireless charging, the transmitter coil and receiver coil are used as a medium to transmit and receive power using an air gap channel. ...
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Citations
... Thus, in this project, a bigger size of coil was proposed to facilitate the wireless charging between the transmitter coil and receiver coil. Based on [28], when the outer diameter of the coil is fixed to a specific value, the inner diameter cannot be smaller than half of the outer diameter. The inner diameter, fixed at 0.04 m, was exactly half of the proposed outer diameter. ...
Recent research has shown an increasing interest in wireless power transfer (WPT) technology for drone batteries. The inconvenience of wired charging, especially for drones, is a huge obstacle. In this research project, a WPT platform was proposed by applying four transmitting coils and a single receiving coil. To meet the industrial standards required for transmitter Tx and receiver Rx, a calculation of the parameters was implemented. An H-bridge MOSFET was used as a DC–AC inverter, a bridge diode was used as an AC–DC rectifier, and a Pi low pass filter was added to the receiver circuit design to filter the high-frequency noise. Experimental investigations were conducted to study the maximum power and power efficiency of the coil’s alignment. The focus of this article was to design and fabricate workable multiple-transmitter coils and a single-receiver coil for a wireless power transfer system, in order to charge a 3S LiPo drone’s battery. It not only covers an overview of wireless power transfer but also includes the method for charging a 3S LiPo drone’s battery, a misalignment study on the X and Y axes of the wireless charging system, and a stable charging of the battery that does not exceed the maximum current of 1.26 A for healthy charging. An efficiency of 58.29% was achieved at a power of 14.924 W and the minimum value was found to be 0.008 W. The efficiency of the typical coil design and the proposed coil design were 55.04% and 12.06%, respectively. The charging current obtained was 1.27 A, which gives an estimated charging time of 3.31 h based on the calculation. The actual charging time of the 3s 4200 mAh 11.1 V LiPo battery was 2 h.
... Range also increases by the use of this technique [176]. Two types of magnetic couplers are used for dynamic charging [177,178]. In the first type, a single longitudinal coupler is laid down while in the second type, the coupler is divided into segments. ...
Electric vehicles require fast, economical and reliable charging systems for efficient performance. Wireless charging systems remove the hassle to plug in the device to be charged when compared with the conventional wired charging systems. Moreover, wireless charging is considered to be environment and user friendly as the wires and mechanical connectors and related infrastructure are not required. This paper reviews the methods and techniques used for wireless charging in electric vehicles. First, the general techniques for wireless power transfer are described and explained. Capacitive power transfer and inductive power transfer which are the two main types of wireless charging are compared and contrasted. Next wireless charging systems for electric vehicles are classified and discussed in depth. Both the stationary and the dynamic wireless charging systems are discussed and reviewed. In addition, a typical model and design parameters of a dynamic charging system, which is a wireless charging system for moving vehicles, are examined. Control system functions of a wireless charging system of an electric vehicle are important for an effective and efficient performance. These are also discussed in the context of better efficiency of power transfer and improved communication between the transmitter and the receiver side of a vehicle charging system. Battery is an important part of an electric vehicle as different parameters of a charging system depend upon the battery characteristics. Therefore, different battery types are compared and battery models are reviewed. Findings of this state of the art review are discussed and recommendations for future research are also provided.
... In a wireless power transfer system, the coupling power transmission idea is utilised to transport electric power from the transmitter coil to the receiver coil beneath the electric vehicle (EV) chassis [1][2]. Capacitive wireless power transfer (CWPT) and inductive wireless power transfer (IWPT) are two types of wireless power transmission (WPT) [3][4][5][6][7]. ...
... 1. Wireless battery charging system in EV [12] For the wireless charging of electric vehicles, a variety of coil configurations are available. The most frequent designs are circular pads [1], [4], [10], [12], rectangular pads [1], [12], [13], Double-D pads [11], [14], and Double-D pads [1]. In this work, the circular coil pair design is the sole topic of discussion. ...
... 1. Wireless battery charging system in EV [12] For the wireless charging of electric vehicles, a variety of coil configurations are available. The most frequent designs are circular pads [1], [4], [10], [12], rectangular pads [1], [12], [13], Double-D pads [11], [14], and Double-D pads [1]. In this work, the circular coil pair design is the sole topic of discussion. ...
The efficiency of wireless pad designs with ferrite cores has been established in several investigations. However, they seldom offered a viable solution to the problem of modifying the ferrite form's geometric shape. The use of a ferrite core in the primary and secondary coils has been suggested by several researchers. The ferrite core design, on the other hand, is still in the works. Using the wrong ferrite core design might result in unnecessary extra weight and higher production costs. The circular coil design in the primary and secondary for wireless power transfer (WPT) in electric vehicles is studied in this research. The suggested coil design is used to develop mathematical design utilizing numerical solutions. Later, using Multisims software, this coil design is produced in simulation. The suggested coil design's power efficiency is examined and contrasted between computed and simulated results. Finally, based on the results of the power efficiency, a definitive discussion is presented.
... EVs can reduce carbon discharges by reducing CO2 emissions, air pollution, and reliance on imported fuel [2]. The government of Malaysia also encourages electric cars by providing a total EV tax exemption [3]. Due to this, EV technology has captured the world's attention. ...
The technology of dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has been accepted in the Electric Vehicle (EV) industry. Recently, for a stationary EV charging system, the existence of a ferrite core improves power efficiency. However, for dynamic wireless charging, the output power fluctuates when the EV moves. Two main obstacles that must be dealt with is air-gaps and misalignment between the coils. This paper investigates clear design guidelines for fabrication of an efficient Resonant Inductive Power Transfer (RIPT) system for the EV battery charging application using a ferrite core. Two different geometry shapes of ferrite core, U and I cores, will be investigated and tested using simulation and experimental work. The proposed design was simulated in JMAG 14.0, and the prototype was tested in the laboratory. The expected output analysis from these two techniques was that the power efficiency of the ferrite pair should first be calculated. From the analysis and experimental results, it is seen that the pair of ferrite cores that used a U shape at the primary and secondary side provides the most efficient coupling in larger air-gap RIPT application with 94.69% on simulation JMAG 14.0 and 89.7% from conducting an experiment.
ABSTRAK: Teknologi Alih Kuasa Wayarles (WPT) dinamik telah diterima pakai dalam Kenderaan Elektrik (EV). Baru-baru ini, kewujudan teras ferit dalam sistem pengecasan pegun EV dapat meningkatkan kecekapan kuasa. Namun, kuasa pengecasan ini akan berubah apabila EV bergerak bagi sistem pengecasan wayarles secara dinamik. Dua halangan utama yang harus ditangani adalah ketidakjajaran dan jarak antara dua gegelung. Kajian ini merupakan garis panduan yang jelas mengenai rekaan fabrikasi dan kecekapan sistem Alih Kuasa Induktif Resonan (RIPT) bagi aplikasi pengecasan bateri EV menggunakan teras ferit. Dua bentuk geometri teras ferit, iaitu teras U dan I telah dikaji dan diuji menggunakan simulasi dan eksperimen. Rekaan ini telah disimulasi menggunakan JMAG 14.0 dan prototaip diuji di dalam makmal. Kedua-dua teknik ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan kecekapan kuasa yang sama. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kedua-dua teras ferit pada sisi primer dan sekunder berbentuk U mempunyai gandingan paling efisien bagi jarak paling besar antara 2 gegelung menggunakan aplikasi RIPT dengan 94.69% simulasi JMAG 14.0 dan 89.7% secara eksperimen.
... The AC/DC converter will convert it into DC and again convert it to AC as the concept needed to transfer wireless energy needs it to be AC current passing through the coils thus, the WPT phenomenon occurs. Then, at the receiver side, the AC will be converted into DC so it can be stored into the battery bank [7,8]. ...
Electric vehicles (EV) have gained worldwide attention since the implementation of a wireless power transfer (WPT) to charge their batteries. With WPT, it can be very convenient for EV to be charged dynamically. Nevertheless, there are some issues in dynamic WPT, such as maintaining the power transfer efficiency. Several factors that lead to these problems include disruption of the alignment and the optimum distance between the transmitter and receiver coils. It is thus contributing to the loss of power efficiency when charging the EV. Not to mention, manufacturers build different specifications of EV charging station for different types of EV models in order to meet customer demands. An incompatible charging device will not utilize EV wireless charging to its maximum potential. Hence, to improve the power output capability as well as stabilizing the maximum power transfer during the charging process, a compensation circuit is added to the system. This article focuses on comparing two available compensation circuits (series-series (SS) topology and series-parallel (SP) topology) under the application of dynamic wireless charging. The simulations are conducted using NI Multisim based on the relationship of power transfer efficiency with resonance frequency, coefficient of coupling, and the load resistance. The WPT efficiency for SP-topology shows that it is sensitive to the change of resonance frequency and coupling coefficient, whereas SS-topology maintains good efficiency during the WPT process. Nonetheless, SS-topology performance suffers efficiency loss when paired with a higher load, while SP-topology acts differently. This article will observe the best conditions on the selected compensation designs for better application in EV charging systems in a moving state. ABSTRAK: Kenderaan elektrik (EV) telah menarik perhatian dunia sejak pelaksanaan alih kuasa wayarles (WPT) bagi mengecas bateri. Melalui WPT, EV lebih mudah kerana ia boleh dicas secara dinamik. Namun, pengecasan dinamik WPT turut mengalami masalah, seperti mengimbang kecekapan pemindahan kuasa. Beberapa faktor yang membawa kepada masalah ini adalah kerana terdapat gangguan penjajaran dan jarak optimum antara gegelung pemancar dan penerima. Kerana ini, ia menyumbang kepada kehilangan kecekapan kuasa semasa mengecas EV. Pengeluar juga membina spesifikasi stesen pengisian EV berlainan mengikut jenis model EV demi memenuhi permintaan pelanggan. Namun, platform pengecas EV yang berbeza, tidak dapat mengecas EV secara wayarles dengan maksimum. Oleh itu, bagi membaiki keupayaan jana kuasa serta menstabilkan pengeluaran kuasa maksimum semasa proses pengecasan, litar gantian ditambah ke dalam sistem. Artikel ini memberi keutamaan pada dua litar gantian berbeza (topologi bersiri (SS) dan siri-selari (SP)) di bawah aplikasi pengecasan wayarles dinamik. Simulasi dibuat menggunakan NI Multisim mengikut kecekapan pemindahan kuasa dengan frekuensi resonan, pekali gandingan dan rintangan beban. Kecekapan WPT bagi topologi-SP menunjukkan ianya sensitif pada perubahan frekuensi resonan dan pekali gandingan. Manakala topologi-SS kekal cekap semasa proses WPT. Walau bagaimanapun, prestasi topologi-SS berkurangan ketika diganding dengan beban besar, begitu juga berbeza bagi topologi-SP. Artikel ini akan mengkaji keadaan terbaik pada reka bentuk gantian terpilih bagi aplikasi EV dalam sistem pengecasan bergerak.
... Among many pad designs, the circular pad is the most functional design because of their magnetic properties [13]- [16]. There are various designs of the coil, and each of the designs has its benefit for its specific requirements and applications [17]- [21]. ...
As the population grows, people will consume more natural resources. This issue will lead to a low petrol supply for all land transportation, especially supplies for car consumption. Therefore, the electric vehicle (EV) has been introduced to overcome this issue. Currently, wired charging of EVs has been implemented in most of the developed country, including Malaysia. However, some drawbacks have been found from this technology. Therefore, wireless charging comes into the picture to solve this issue. Charging pad on the road and at the car are required for both wired and wireless charging. Various designs of charging pad are available. However, this paper will only focus on the circular design. There is many software that can be used to design the coil pad. Each software has a different procedure and steps to design the coil pad. In this paper, JMAG Designer software will be used to design the circular coil pad. Then, three coil pair were simulated using JMAG Designer to investigate the magnetic flux density between primary and secondary coil when varying the misalignment of 0 cm, 4 cm and 8 cm. From the simulation, there is no specific trend in the relationship between magnetic flux density and misalignment.
... Wireless power transfer, sometimes known as resonant inductive power transfer (RIPT) [1][2], is gaining interest in electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging because of benefits such as incentive charging, reducing in battery capacity, enhancement in protection and reliability, and relieving the user from handling a broad and heavy charging chord [3][4][5][6][7]. The charging pads that form the wireless connections for power transmission across the air gap are the most critical components of the RIPT device. ...
... You may use many types of converters, such as AC / AC matrix converters [12][13]. [11] Various coil designs are available for the wireless charging of EV which are Circular pads (CP) [1], [4], [8], [10], rectangular pads (RP) [1], [10], [14], double-D pads (DDP) [1], [15] and double-D pads (DDQP) [1] are among the most common designs [14], [16]. The focus of this paper is coil design in CP. ...
... You may use many types of converters, such as AC / AC matrix converters [12][13]. [11] Various coil designs are available for the wireless charging of EV which are Circular pads (CP) [1], [4], [8], [10], rectangular pads (RP) [1], [10], [14], double-D pads (DDP) [1], [15] and double-D pads (DDQP) [1] are among the most common designs [14], [16]. The focus of this paper is coil design in CP. ...
... H. Dashora, G. Buja, M. Bertoluzzo et al. [61] have summarized the characteristics of compatible coil geometries that should be light, thin, and compact to avoid unnecessary additional weight to the EV. The charging system should have a satisfactory coupling coefficient to operate without any physical contact and also able to tolerate an acceptable misalignment with air-gap variation at least 150 to 200 mm, especially when dynamically charging the EV [11,53,60,62,63]. In DWC application, DDC is commonly preferred for segmented rails rather than CSC due to its ability to deliver stronger coupling coefficient and greater offset tolerance [50]. ...
... However, R. Deshmukh and D. Talange [15] found that capacitive compensation in both transmitter and receiver coils is much recommended to magnify the operating frequency while improving the power factor by employing the CSC geometry. The CSC is well-known because of its excellent magnetic properties and electrical properties which results in its simplicity to experiment on [63]. It is the most utilized geometry for WPT, as mentioned in [15,16,23] where the outer and inner diameter is decided from the current density of the material used. ...
The inductive power transfer (IPT) has contributed to the fast growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market. The technology to recharge the EV battery has attracted the attention of many researchers and car manufacturers in developing green transportation. In IPT charging system, the coil design is indispensable in enhancing the EV battery charging process performance. This paper starts by describing the two charging techniques; static charging and dynamic charging before further presents the IPT system descriptions. Afterwards, this paper describes a brief review of coil designs which discusses the critical factors that affect the power transmission efficiency (PTE) including their basic designs, design concepts and features merits. The discussions on the basic coil designs for IPT are of the circular spiral coil (CSC), square coil (SC), rectangular coil (RC), and double-D coil (DDC). Furthermore, the significant advantages and limitations of each research on different geometries are analyzed and discussed in this paper. Finally, this paper evaluates some essential aspects that influence the coil geometry designs in practical.
The project mainly focuses on the model of wireless charging station for electric vehicles. In this charging station the user no need to use physical cables for charging their electric vehicles. When the car arrives on the particular slot for charging the IR sensor detects the vehicle and sends signal to the Arduino Board, then the required voltage is transferred to the transmitter coil which is placed in the parking slot, with the help of magnetic induction principle the energy from transmitter coil is transmitted to the receiver coil which is placed in the bottom of the vehicle.
This article presents discussions on some parameters indicated in educational policy documents such as PNE-2011/2020 Brasil (2010) and DCN Brasil (2013). The objective is to acquire a perception of its bases to offer an education based on citizen formation and supported by digital technologies. To this end, a theoretical foundation is presented about
the need for citizenship training in basic education, and also challenges presented to science teachers to use digital technologies as a didactic resource in their praxis. Subsequently, a discussion of these documents that provide an interface on such
education issues is presented. We note that there are laws and resolutions established with plans and guidelines in order to contribute to the problem of quality education in the country. However, teacher education still needs further discussions and reflections for its structuring, since these professionals still have difficulties to promote citizenship education in basic education.
