Basic “A” frame gantry crane [13]. 

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... cranes have found many uses since the beginning of the history, and the history of cranes has come across since then. The Greek were the first people to use cranes for doing the lifting jobs. After this many other peoples like the Roman, the Chinese etc. used the cranes and made many changes to the existing design of that time[1].The crane for lifting heavy loads was invented by the Ancient Greeks in the late 6th century BC. The archaeological record shows that no later than 515 BC distinctive cuttings for both lifting tongs and irons begin to appear on stone blocks of Greek temples. Since these holes point at the use of a lifting device, and since they are to be found either above the centre of gravity of the block, or in pairs equidistant from a point over the centre of gravity, they are regarded by archaeologists as the positive evidence required for the existence of the crane [2].In modern industrial system, shipyard, warehouse, and construction, tower cranes are widely used for the heavy loads transfer[3]. A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally[4]. It is mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places. It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a man[5]. Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials and in the manufacturing. Here, The cranes use open loop system to control position while anti-swing control is done manually by skilled operators using joysticks with analog control [6].A communication link transmits the remote control signals to the crane-carried control, and transmits the status information to the remote control[7].The most important substance used to manufacture cranes is steel. Steel is an alloy of iron and a small amount of carbon. For structures that do not require very high strength, a common form of steel known as carbon steel is used. By definition, carbon steel contains less than 2% of elements other than iron and carbon. Carbon steel exists in a wide variety of forms such as low carbon steel with carbon content of 0.05-0.30%[8], medium carbon steel with approximately 0.3 – 0.6% carbon content. Balances ductility[9] and strength and has good wear resistance. The most important factor in determining the properties of carbon steel is the amount of carbon present, which ranges from less than 0.015% to more than 0.5%[10]. Material handling is the movement, storage, control and protection of materials, goods and products throughout the process of manufacturing, distribution, consumption and disposal. Material handling involves short-distance movement within the confines of a building or between a building and a transportation vehicle [11]. It utilizes a wide range of manual, semi- automated, and automated equipment and includes consideration of the protection, storage, and control of materials throughout their manufacturing, warehousing, distribution, consumption, and disposal[12].The focus is on the methods, mechanical equipment, systems and related controls used to achieve these functions. Gantry cranes are an important part of the material handling equipment. The gantry cranes used in the industry are efficient but they only have the ability to lift the load and put it down at some other position. In this general design, the arm of the crane moves in the vertical plane only, for example it has constrained motion. The aim of our project is to re-design the gantry crane. This design shown in figure 1 is relatively easy to assemble while it is lying down but would most likely require two people to stand up. Using two people to stand up the hoist after assembly seems to be an unavoidable factor in the design. The Rose Float gantry hoist with 3 ton capacity has a different top beam compared to figure 1. However, after looking at the frame it was easy to see that the legs were designed poorly. They were built with rectangular tube which is strong but the “A” frame design means the legs will start deflect due to the resolving bending moment and the rectangular tube was oriented to bend about its weaker axis seen in Figure 2. This also allows for someone to be underneath the frame when it could potentially fail making it a severe safety ...

Context 2

... cranes have found many uses since the beginning of the history, and the history of cranes has come across since then. The Greek were the first people to use cranes for doing the lifting jobs. After this many other peoples like the Roman, the Chinese etc. used the cranes and made many changes to the existing design of that time[1].The crane for lifting heavy loads was invented by the Ancient Greeks in the late 6th century BC. The archaeological record shows that no later than 515 BC distinctive cuttings for both lifting tongs and irons begin to appear on stone blocks of Greek temples. Since these holes point at the use of a lifting device, and since they are to be found either above the centre of gravity of the block, or in pairs equidistant from a point over the centre of gravity, they are regarded by archaeologists as the positive evidence required for the existence of the crane [2].In modern industrial system, shipyard, warehouse, and construction, tower cranes are widely used for the heavy loads transfer[3]. A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally[4]. It is mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places. It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a man[5]. Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials and in the manufacturing. Here, The cranes use open loop system to control position while anti-swing control is done manually by skilled operators using joysticks with analog control [6].A communication link transmits the remote control signals to the crane-carried control, and transmits the status information to the remote control[7].The most important substance used to manufacture cranes is steel. Steel is an alloy of iron and a small amount of carbon. For structures that do not require very high strength, a common form of steel known as carbon steel is used. By definition, carbon steel contains less than 2% of elements other than iron and carbon. Carbon steel exists in a wide variety of forms such as low carbon steel with carbon content of 0.05-0.30%[8], medium carbon steel with approximately 0.3 – 0.6% carbon content. Balances ductility[9] and strength and has good wear resistance. The most important factor in determining the properties of carbon steel is the amount of carbon present, which ranges from less than 0.015% to more than 0.5%[10]. Material handling is the movement, storage, control and protection of materials, goods and products throughout the process of manufacturing, distribution, consumption and disposal. Material handling involves short-distance movement within the confines of a building or between a building and a transportation vehicle [11]. It utilizes a wide range of manual, semi- automated, and automated equipment and includes consideration of the protection, storage, and control of materials throughout their manufacturing, warehousing, distribution, consumption, and disposal[12].The focus is on the methods, mechanical equipment, systems and related controls used to achieve these functions. Gantry cranes are an important part of the material handling equipment. The gantry cranes used in the industry are efficient but they only have the ability to lift the load and put it down at some other position. In this general design, the arm of the crane moves in the vertical plane only, for example it has constrained motion. The aim of our project is to re-design the gantry crane. This design shown in figure 1 is relatively easy to assemble while it is lying down but would most likely require two people to stand up. Using two people to stand up the hoist after assembly seems to be an unavoidable factor in the design. The Rose Float gantry hoist with 3 ton capacity has a different top beam compared to figure 1. However, after looking at the frame it was easy to see that the legs were designed poorly. They were built with rectangular tube which is strong but the “A” frame design means the legs will start deflect due to the resolving bending moment and the rectangular tube was oriented to bend about its weaker axis seen in Figure 2. This also allows for someone to be underneath the frame when it could potentially fail making it a severe safety ...