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Background
Blood stream infections (BSI) caused by Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) producing Enterobacteriaceae is a clinical challenge leading to high mortality, especially in developing countries. In this study, we sought to describe the epidemiology of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from Vietnamese individuals with BS...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... encoding ESBLs and carbapenemases were screened using multiplex PCR assays described previously [21]. Six [CARBA-3]) can be detected using the multiplex PCR panels (Additional file 1: Table S1). The primers were designed to detect the most common variants of the beta-lactamase genes irrespective of the potency of the beta-lactamase activity. ...Context 2
... DNA was washed twice with 70% ethanol and reconstituted in 150 μl TE buffer (25 mM Tris with 0.1 mM EDTA). Multiplex PCR assays were performed in 25 μl reaction volumes containing hot start master mix (2×) (Promega, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA) and individual primer pairs with varying concentrations (Additional file 1: Table S1). Thermal cycling conditions were denaturation at 95 °C for 2 min followed by 40 cycles of 94 °C for 30 s denaturation, 61 °C for 30 s annealing, followed by an extension at 72 °C for 40 s and a final extension step of 72 °C for 5 min. ...Context 3
... mean age of the patients was 62 years; 62/115 patients were > 60 years old. In 73 patients (64%) pre-existing conditions (solid cancer, hypertension, diabetes, liver cirrhosis) were recorded and eight of them were receiving immunosuppressive therapy (Table 1). A primary source of infection was identified in 96 (84%) patients, with urine tract infection (40/96; 42%) and infection of the bile duct system (36/96; 38%) as the main sources, followed by respiratory and post interventional infections. ...Context 4
... mean SOFA score was 3.36 ± 3.0 and the median procalcitonin level was 10.19 (0.24-100) ng/L. Shock and mortality rates were 17% and 16%, respectively (Table 1). ...Context 5
... phenotypic resistances of all study isolates are summarized in Table 1. The most prevalent resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was observed for AM (109/115; 95%), followed by CTX (81/115; 70%), CAZ (52/115; 45%), AMC (32/115; 28%), FEP (28/109; 26%) and TZP (8/115; 7%) ( Table 2). ...Similar publications
Background
Infections caused by Klebsiella oxytoca are the second most common cause of Klebsiella infections in humans. Most studies have focused on K. oxytoca outbreaks and few have examined the broader clinical context of K. oxytoca.
Methods
Here, we collected all clinical isolates identified as K. oxytoca in a hospital microbiological diagnosti...
Citations
... Similar studies reported that the ESBL producer frequency reached 82.5% and 41.1% in patients from India [17,18], 55.5% from Saudi Arabia [19], 66.56% from Nepal [20], 58% from Vietnam [21], 42% from Southwestern Iran [22], 48% from Pakistan [23], and 55.3% from Palestine [24]. ...
... The E. coli isolates in this study were very resistant to ceftriaxone (81.7%), cefuroxime (81.7%), cefepime (100%), and ceftizoxime (90%) but not as resistant to meropenem (13.3%). Several studies have shown that E. coli isolates are resistant to many cephalosporines, such as cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, and cefepime [9,19,21,23,25,28]. However, other studies have shown that E. coli isolates are sensitive to meropenem [20]. ...
... Our data showed a high frequency of bla CTX-M (85%) and bla SHV (70%), compared with bla TEM (33.3%). This result was in line with data from Vietnam [21] that showed a high frequency of the CTX-M gene (70%). In another study from Nepal, the CTX-M and TEM genes were found in 86.5% of the isolates [20]. ...
Introduction
The high prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and rising resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which is a global therapeutic concern, are caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producers. It is unclear how E. coli that produces ESBLs spreads throughout Gezira state, Sudan. The study aimed to evaluate the dissemination of class A and class D resistance genes among E. coli and to recognize the antibacterial activity of the locally used cephalosporins and carbapenems.
Methods
One hundred and fifteen isolates of uropathogenic E. coli were collected from patients who attended a tertiary hospital. The isolates were identified using colony morphology, gram staining, and biochemical tests and checked for 16S rRNA using PCR. The multidrug-resistant (MDR) testing was conducted using agar disk diffusion. Finally, the class A and D resistance genes were analyzed by multiplex PCR.
Results
The study enrolled 200 patients with UTIs. E. coli isolates were found in 115 (57.5%) urine specimens examined, and 60 (52.2%) of them produced resistance to most locally used antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance pattern was higher against cefepime (100%), ceftizoxime (90%), cefuroxime (81.7%), and ceftriaxone (81.7%) and had lower activity against meropenem (13.3%). The genotypic characterization of class A cephalosporinases was 85% for blaCTX-M, 70% for blaSHV, and 33.3% for blaTEM, while for class D carbapenemases, it was 10% for both blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51.
Conclusion
The considerable antibiotic resistance to the cephalosporins and meropenem and the increased predominance of the blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes are serious concerns for the health authorities. Meropenem could still be used as the drug of choice for ESBL-producing E. coli.
... The blaCTX-M gene, which codes for class-A extended-spectrum -lactamases (ESBLs), and the OXA-48-type carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D -lactamases, which are found in many Enterobacteriaceae such as E. coli, are good examples of how resistance genes can be passed from bacteria in the environment, such as gut commensals, to human pathogens (Mairi et al. 2018;Son et al. 2021). ...
The number of antibiotics available is limited and does not cover the growing antibiotic resistance challenge. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics act as factors that help in improving and increasing the problem of resistance to those currently being prescribed by doctors. The study was carried out at the Medical Services Administration Hospital (MSAH) in Khartoum, Sudan to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern for the period between Dec. 2020 and Jan. 2022. The results showed that, in a total of different clinical samples that were collected and processed, a total number of 980 organisms were isolated. The result indicated that 345 out of the total isolates (35.20%) were Klebsiella pneumonia, 326 (33.27%) Escherichia coli, 154 (15.71%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 130 (13.27%) Proteus mirabilis, and 25 (2.55%) Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that K. pneumonia was quite resistant to piperacillin, cefuroxime, and azithromycin. The amikacin, imipenem, and meropenem antibiotics showed significant activity against K. pneumonia. The isolates of E. coli showed significant resistance to azithromycin and were more sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. P. aeruginosa was resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and azithromycin in a big way, but it was very sensitive to cefuroxime, the drug used to treat strep throat infections. P. mirabilis was found to be resistant to nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and azithromycin. It showed good sensitivity to amikacin, imipenem, and meropenem. It was clear that S. aureus was resistant to cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, nitrofurantoin, and norfloxacin, while tests showed that it was sensitive to imipenem.
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Gram negative bacteria are becoming increasingly important in veterinary and human medicine because they can hydrolyze the third generation β-lactams, penicillins, and monobactams. The aim of this study was to identify ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in raw cow milk samples from northeast Brazil. Twenty-six bacterial isolates belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family were obtained from milk samples from 257 cows with subclinical mastitis. Using microbiological tests, 53.85% (14/26) were identified as Escherichia coli, 15.38% (4/26) as Proteus mirabilis, 26.92% (7/26) as Klebsiella spp., and 3.85% (1/26) as Citrobacter spp. Of all the isolates, 61.54% (16/26) were positive in the ESBL screening test, of which 12.5% (2/16) were positive in the double-disc synergy test using three types of cephalosporins and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The two isolates were identified as Klebsiella spp. Among all the isolates, 53.85% (14/26) were positive for one or both ESBL-encoding genes, blaSHV and blaTEM; among these, 71.43% (10/14) were identified as E. coli. This study demonstrates that ESBL-producing bacteria can be found in raw cow milk from northeast Brazil. Cows with subclinical mastitis should be recognized as reservoirs of these strains, which can propagate to humans.
Vietnam is a low- and middle-income country (LMIC), a primary food producer, and an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) hotspot. AMR is recognized as a One Health challenge since it may transfer between humans, animals and the environment. This study aimed to apply systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the phenotypic profiles and correlations of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae across three compartments: humans, animals and the environment in Vietnam. A total of 89 articles found in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were retrieved for qualitative synthesis. E. coli and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) were the most common bacterial species in studies of all compartments (60/89 studies). Among antimicrobials classified as critically important, the resistance levels were observed to be highest to quinolones, 3rd generation of cephalosporins, penicillins, and aminoglycosides. Of 89 studies, 55 articles reported the resistance prevalence of E. coli and NTS in healthy humans, animals and the environment against ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, ampicillin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, chloramphenicol was used for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence was found highest in E. coli against ampicillin 84.0% (95% CI 73.0–91.0%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim 66.0% (95% CI 56.0–75.0%) while in NTS they were 34.0% (95% CI 24.0–46.0%), 33.0% (95% CI 25.0–42.0%), respectively. There were no significant differences in the pooled prevalence of E. coli and NTS to these antimicrobials across healthy humans, animals and the environment, except for ceftazidime-resistant E. coli (χ2 = 8.29, p = 0.02), chloramphenicol-resistant E.coli (χ2 = 9.65, p
