Fig 10 - uploaded by Martina Réblová
Content may be subject to copyright.
Barbatosphaeria spp . a – i: Barbatosphaeria varioseptata . a. Ascomata growing between periderm and wood; b. vertical section of the ascomatal wall; c, d. ascospores; e. paraphyses with young asci attached to the ascogenous hyphae; f. asci (holotype PRM 924376). — g – i: Culture of sporothrix-like asexual morph. g. colony; h. conidiophores; i. conidia (ex-type CBS 137797, all on PDA at 25 °C). ― j – l: Barbatosphaeria sp. j, k. asci; l. ascospores (M.R. 3730). b–d, f, k, l. DIC; e, h – j. PC. — Scale bars: a = 1000 μm, b = 50 μm, c – f, h, j – l = 10 μm, i = 5 μm.
Source publication
Thirteen morphologically similar strains of barbatosphaeria- and tectonidula-like fungi were studied based on the comparison of cultural and morphological features of sexual and asexual morphs and phylogenetic analyses of five nuclear loci, i.e. internal transcribed spacer rDNA operon (ITS), large and small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA, β-tubulin,...
Citations
... Synanamorph is the term of use for fungal taxa producing two or more different asexual morphs which were often linked by the sporulation in culture (Wijayawardene et al. 2021a(Wijayawardene et al. , 2022c. Many fungal taxa have been reported for their synanamorphism, such as Botryosphaeria with dichomera-like in vitro and Neofusicoccum (as Fusicoccum) (Barber et al. 2005), Barbatosphaeria fagi (≡ Calosphaeria fagi) with ramichloridium-like and sporothrix-like asexual morphs (Réblová et al. 2015) and Synnemasporella with sporodochial and pycnidial asexual morphs on natural hosts (Fan et al. 2018). The formation of two or more different morphs in a single species has led to misidentification and the distinct morphs have been somehow counted as different species (Wijayawardene et al. 2021a(Wijayawardene et al. , 2022c. ...
This article presents the results of an ongoing inventory of Ascomycota in Yunnan, China, carried out as part of the research project series “Exploring ascomycete diversity in Yunnan”. From over 100 samples collected from diverse host substrates, microfungi have been isolated, identified and are currently being documented. The primary objective of this research is to promote the discovery of novel taxa and explore the ascomycete diversity in the region, utilising a morphology-phylogeny approach. This article represents the second series of species descriptions for the project and introduces three undocumented species found in the families Bambusicolaceae, Dictyosporiaceae and Periconiaceae, belonging to the suborder Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). These novel taxa exhibit typical morphological characteristics of Bambusicola, Periconia and Trichobotrys, leading to their designation as Bambusicola hongheensis, Periconia kunmingensis and Trichobotrys sinensis. Comprehensive multigene phylogenetic analyses were conducted to validate the novelty of these species. The results revealed well-defined clades that are clearly distinct from other related species, providing robust support for their placement within their respective families. Notably, this study unveils the phylogenetic affinity of Trichobotrys within Dictyosporiaceae for the first time. Additionally, the synanamorphism for the genus Trichobotrys is also reported for the first time. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and updated phylogenies of the novel species are provided, and thus presenting a valuable resource for researchers and mycologists interested in the diversity of ascomycetes in Yunnan. By enhancing our understanding of the Ascomycota diversity in this region, this research contributes to the broader field of fungal taxonomy and their phylogenetic understanding.
... Hence, to corroborate the species delimitation revealed by the phylogeny and consensus model (Type I-IV with a total of four to six domains), a minimum of nine CBCs among individual structural helices and a total of 645 CBCs were identified between the internal and external subclasses of different species, as an additional molecular marker. It has been experimentally demonstrated that taxa separated by one CBC are totally incapable of intercrossing [24,25,60], and that it could be said that they represent separate species. ...
Background:
The delimitation of species of Tulasnella has been extensively studied, mainly at the morphological (sexual and asexual states) and molecular levels-showing ambiguity between them. An integrative species concept that includes characteristics such as molecular, ecology, morphology, and other information is crucial for species delimitation in complex groups such as Tulasnella.
Objectives:
The aim of this study is to test evolutionary relationships using a combination of alignment-based and alignment-free distance matrices as an alternative molecular tool to traditional methods, and to consider the secondary structures and CBCs from ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer) sequences for species delimitation in Tulasnella.
Methodology:
Three phylogenetic approaches were plotted: (i) alignment-based, (ii) alignment-free, and (iii) a combination of both distance matrices using the DISTATIS and pvclust libraries from an R package. Finally, the secondary structure consensus was modeled by Mfold, and a CBC analysis was obtained to complement the species delimitation using 4Sale.
Results and conclusions:
The phylogenetic tree results showed delimited monophyletic clades in Tulasnella spp., where all 142 Tulasnella sequences were divided into two main clades A and B and assigned to seven species (T. asymmetrica, T. andina, T. eichleriana ECU6, T. eichleriana ECU4 T. pinicola, T. violea), supported by bootstrap values from 72% to 100%. From the 2D secondary structure alignment, three types of consensus models with helices and loops were obtained. Thus, T. albida belongs to type I; T. eichleriana, T. tomaculum, and T. violea belong to type II; and T. asymmetrica, T. andina, T. pinicola, and T. spp. (GER) belong to type III; each type contains four to six domains, with nine CBCs among these that corroborate different species.
... Their analysis showed that freshwater Sordariomycetes are scattered in three subclasses, Sordariomycetidae, Hypocreomycecetidae and Xylariomycetidae including 13 orders. However, during the last four years, several Sordariomycetes species have been introduced comprising new genera, families, orders, subclasses and some of them were collected from freshwater habitats (Réblová et al. 2015a(Réblová et al. , b, 2016aMaharachchikumbura et al. 2015Maharachchikumbura et al. , 2016Su et al. 2016;Hongsanan et al. 2017;Wijayawardene et al. , 2018Yang et al. 2017Yang et al. , 2018aZhang et al. 2017a, b;Song et al. 2018a, b;Wei et al. 2018). ...
... Distribution: Philippines, Negros Occidental, Bario Alegria, Liput River, on submerged bamboo culm (Cai et al. 2002b Réblová et al. (2015a). ...
... ).Réblová et al. (2015a) revisited Barbatosphaeria and introduced seven species for this genus. In this study, we introduce one new species and this is the only known Barbatosphaeria species collected from freshwater habitats. ...
Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes of Ascomycota that comprises a highly diverse range of fungi mainly characterized by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci. Freshwater Sordariomycetes play an important role in ecosystems and some of them have the potential to produce bioactive compounds. This study documents and reviews the freshwater Sordariomycetes, which is one of the largest and important groups of fungi in aquatic habitats. Based on evidence from DNA sequence data and morphology, we introduce a new order Distoseptisporales, two new families, viz. Ceratosphaeriaceae and Triadelphiaceae, three new genera, viz. Aquafiliformis, Dematiosporium and Neospadicoides, 47 new species, viz. Acrodictys fluminicola, Aquafiliformis lignicola, Aquapteridospora fusiformis, Arthrinium aquaticum, Ascosacculus fusiformis, Atractospora aquatica, Barbatosphaeria lignicola, Ceratosphaeria aquatica, C. lignicola, Chaetosphaeria aquatica, Ch. catenulata, Ch. guttulata, Ch. submersa, Codinaea yunnanensis, Conioscypha aquatica, C. submersa, Cordana aquatica, C. lignicola, Cosmospora aquatica, Cylindrotrichum submersum, Dematiosporium aquaticum, Dictyochaeta cangshanensis, D. ellipsoidea, D. lignicola, D. submersa, Distoseptispora appendiculata, D. lignicola, D. neorostrata, D. obclavata, Hypoxylon lignicola, Lepteutypa aquatica, Myrmecridium aquaticum, Neospadicoides aquatica, N. lignicola, N. yunnanensis, Ophioceras submersum, Peroneutypa lignicola, Phaeoisaria filiformis, Pseudostanjehughesia lignicola, Rhodoveronaea aquatica, Seiridium aquaticum, Sporidesmiella aquatica, Sporidesmium lageniforme, S. lignicola, Tainosphaeria lunata, T. obclavata, Wongia aquatica, two new combinations, viz. Acrodictys aquatica, Cylindrotrichum aquaticum, and 9 new records, viz. Chaetomium globosum, Chaetosphaeria cubensis, Ch. myriocarpa, Cordana abramovii, Co. terrestris, Cuspidatispora xiphiago, Sporidesmiella hyalosperma, Stachybotrys chartarum,S. chlorohalonata. A comprehensive classification of the freshwater Sordariomycetes is presented based on updated literature. Phylogenetic inferences based on DNA sequence analyses of a combined LSU, SSU, RPB2 and TEF1α dataset comprising species of freshwater Sordariomycetes are provided. Detailed information including their habitats distribution, diversity, holotype, specimens collected and classification are provided.
... Sequences generated in this study (Table 1) were supplemented with additional sequences obtained from GenBank. The reference sequences were determined by using a BLAST search provided online in NCBI to reveal the closest related sequences and recent relevant literatures (Réblová et al. 2015 For BI analysis, posterior probabilities (PP) (Rannala & Yang 1996, Zhaxybayeva & Gogarten 2002 were determined by Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling (BMCMC) in MrBayes 3.0b4 (Huelsenbeck & Ronquist 2001). Six simultaneous Markov chains were run 1,000,000 generations and trees were sampled every 100 generations. ...
... The resulting aligned dataset comprised an isolate of the new species and 24 isolates of phylogenetically related species in Sordariomycetes, including Annulatascales (3) The phylogenetic tree (Figure 1) included representatives of all phylogenetically related orders or families to Dictyosporella (Réblová et al. 2015. Eight distinct clades representing Annulatascales, Atractosporales, Barbatosphaeriaceae, Dictyosporella, Distoseptisporaceae, Ophiostomatales, Papulosaceae and Sporidesmiaceae were revealed (Figure 1), respectively. ...
A new species Dictyosporella hydei was collected on submerged wood in Yunnan Province, China. The new species is characterized by globose to broadly cylindrical, muriform and brass coloured conidia consisting of multiple angular, subglobose cells. Its affinity to Dictyosporella was inferred from phylogenetic analysis based on LSU data. The new species together with the other two species of Dictyosporella formed a well-supported clade which was closely related to Distoseptisporaceae.
... In addition to members of the Rhamphoriaceae, some other genera and lineages of the Sordariomycetidae are characterized by mononematous conidiophores and holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis on sympodially extending conidiogenous cells. They include, for example, Amplistroma and Wallrothiella linked with an Acrodontium-like anamorph (Huhndorf et al. 2009), Barbatosphaeria with Ramichloridium-and Sporothrixlike synanamorphs (Samuels and Candoussau 1996;Réblová et al. 2015), Lentomitella and its Phaeoisaria-like conidial state (Réblová 2006;Réblová et al. 2018), Myrmecridium (Arzanlou et al. 2007), Phomatospora with a Sporothrix-like anamorph (Rappaz 1992), or members of the Ophiostomatales ( de Hoog 1974;Upadhyay 1981;Kirschner and Oberwinkler 1999). Brachysporium is another holomorph genus resembling the Rhamphoriaceae because of its mononematous conidiophores and holoblastic conidiogenesis, but it produces conidia on pronounced denticles arranged at the apex of the conidiogenous cell (Holubová-Jechová 1972; Réblová and Seifert 2004). ...
Two new genera, Rhamphoriopsis and Xylolentia, are described for lignicolous perithecial ascomycetes occurring in terrestrial habitats. Fresh material, living cultures, morphology and DNA sequence data (nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), 18S and 28S genes, and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II = RPB2) of these taxa and morphologically similar fungi were studied to determine their relationships. A monophyletic clade including Rhamphoria, Rhodoveronaea, a dematiaceous hyphomycete Linkosia multiseptum, and the two new genera was recovered in the Sordariomycetes based on the 18S-28S-RPB2 dataset. It is introduced as the family Rhamphoriaceae and strongly supported by Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods. Its members are characterised by perithecial ascomata with a cylindrical or rostrate neck, the absence of stromatic tissue or clypeus, similar anatomy of two-layered ascomatal walls, cylindrical paraphyses, unitunicate asci with a distinct, non-amyloid apical annulus, and dictyoseptate or transversely septate, hyaline or brown ascospores. The mode of conidiogenesis is holoblastic, predominantly on polyblastic denticulate conidiogenous cells. The Phaeoisaria-like anamorph has been linked to Rhamphoria and Rhamphoriopsis, while conidia and conidiophores of Idriella-like synanamorph were formed in vitro in two species of Rhamphoria. The Veronaea-like anamorph is associated with Rhodoveronaea. The anamorph of Xylolentia is a dematiaceous hyphomycete with conidiogenous cells with sympodially extending rachis. A key to members of the family is provided. The classification and nature of species boundaries in Rhamphoria are discussed and diagnostic characters such as ascospore shape, number of transverse and longitudinal septa, a degree of constriction at the septa and ability to produce ascoconidia are evaluated.
... The asexual morphs linked with genera of this lineage are dematiaceous hyphomycetes with holoblastic conidia produced on a sympodially extending rachis or on a terminal cluster of denticles. They are part of the life cycle of Barbatosphaeria as ramichloridium-and sporothrix-like ( Samuels & Candoussau 1996, R eblov a 2007, R eblov a et al. 2015b) and Lentomitella as phaeoisaria-like (R eblov a 2006) asexual morphs. Other Ceratostomella spp. ...
The genus Ceratostomella has a long history of taxonomic confusion. While species with evanescent asci have been transferred to the Microascales and Ophiostomatales, the taxonomic status of species with persistent asci has not been completely resolved. In previous studies using DNA sequence data, cultures and morphology, several Ceratostomella spp. were allocated in 13 genera in the Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes. In our study, the systematics of the remaining Ceratostomella spp. with persistent asci is revisited with new collection data, cultures and phylogeny based on novel DNA sequences from six nuclear loci. Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses support the monophyly of several wood-inhabiting species formerly classified in Ceratostomella and other unknown morphologically similar taxa and their division into four genera, i.e. Lentomitella, Spadicoides, Torrentispora and the newly described Calyptosphaeria. This robust clade represents the order Xenospadicoidales in the Sordariomycetidae. Comparative analysis of the ITS2 secondary structure revealed a genetic variation among Lentomitella isolates; 11 species were recognised, of which five are newly introduced and two are new combinations. Other taxonomic novelties include four new species and eight new combinations in Calyptosphaeria, Spadicoides, and Torrentispora. Molecular data suggest that Spadicoides is polyphyletic. The core of the genus is positioned in the Xenospadicoidales; Spadicoides s. str. is experimentally linked with sexual morphs for the first time. Based on DNA sequence data, the monotypic genera Xenospadicoides and Pseudodiplococcium are reduced to synonymy under Spadicoides, while Fusoidispora and Pseudoannulatascus are synonymised with Torrentispora. Members of the Xenospadicoidales inhabit decaying wood in terrestrial and freshwater environments and share a few morphological characters such as the absence of stromatic tissue, ascomata with a cylindrical or rostrate neck, similar anatomies of the ascomatal walls, thin-walled unitunicate asci with a non-amyloid apical annulus, disintegrating paraphyses, usually ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospores and holoblastic-denticulate or tretic conidiogenesis. Revised Ceratostomella spp. with persistent asci are listed and the taxonomic status of each species is re-evaluated based on revision of the holotype and other representative material, published details and available phylogenetic data.
... An LSU dataset was prepared including the closest matches and sequences of Taeniolella species belonging to the class Sordariomycetes retrieved from GenBank. They were subjected to megablast searches and closest hits or related taxa from previous phylogenies were also included , Réblová et al. 2012 along with representatives of Sordariomycetidae based on Réblová et al. (2015) and Untereiner et al. (2013). Two species of Xylaria (Xylariomycetidae) were used as outgroup. ...
Taeniolella sabalicola sp. nov., isolated from a petiole of a dead leaf of Sabal palmetto collected in south Florida, U.S.A., is described and illustrated based on morphological, cultural and molecular data. The fungus is characterized by forming slowly growing, black, restricted colonies on culture media and effuse colonies with abundant aerial mycelium on natural substrate after incubation, semi-macronematous or micronematous, long, unbranched conidiophores and clavate, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, smooth or verruculose, brown to blackish brown, multiseptate conidia with transverse, longitudinal and oblique septa, often surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath and usually in simple or branched acropetal chains. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data also suggest the fungus is distinct from other Taeniolella species and possess affinities with members of Sordariomycetidae (Ascomycota) but its ordinal or familial position within the subclass remains uncertain. Molecular data also confirm that Taeniolella sensu lato is polyphyletic and show that T. sabalicola is unrelated to the generic type, T. exilis, recently placed in the family Kirschsteiniotheliaceae within the class Dothideomycetes.
... The denticulate conidiogenous cells of the asexual morph resemble those of the sporothrix-like asexual morphs in the Ophiostomatales (De Beer et al. 2016a, b). However, both LSU and ITS sequences place F. hyalinus in a distinct lineage in the Sordariomycetidae, distant from the Ophiostomatales, and among several lineages of uncertain ordinal placement, including genera such as Barbatosphaeria (Réblová et al. 2015), Papulosa (Réblová 2013), and Ceratostomella (Réblová 2006). ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia:
Apiognomonia lasiopetali on Lasiopetalum sp., Blastacervulus eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus adesmophloia, Bullanockia australis (incl. Bullanockia gen. nov.) on Kingia australis, Caliciopsis eucalypti on Eucalyptus marginata, Celerioriella petrophiles on Petrophile teretifolia, Coleophoma xanthosiae on Xanthosia rotundifolia, Coniothyrium hakeae on Hakea sp., Diatrypella banksiae on Banksia formosa, Disculoides corymbiae on Corymbia calophylla, Elsinoë eelemani on Melaleuca alternifolia, Elsinoë eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus kingsmillii, Elsinoë preissianae on Eucalyptus preissiana, Eucasphaeria rustici on Eucalyptus creta, Hyweljonesia queenslandica (incl. Hyweljonesia gen. nov.) on the cocoon of an unidentified microlepidoptera, Mycodiella eucalypti (incl. Mycodiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus diversicolor, Myrtapenidiella sporadicae on Eucalyptus sporadica, Neocrinula xanthorrhoeae (incl. Neocrinula gen. nov.) on Xanthorrhoea sp., Ophiocordyceps nooreniae on dead ant, Phaeosphaeriopsis agavacearum on Agave sp., Phlogicylindrium mokarei on Eucalyptus sp., Phyllosticta acaciigena on Acacia suaveolens, Pleurophoma acaciae on Acacia glaucoptera, Pyrenochaeta hakeae on Hakea sp., Readeriella lehmannii on Eucalyptus lehmannii, Saccharata banksiae on Banksia grandis, Saccharata daviesiae on Daviesia pachyphylla, Saccharata eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus bigalerita, Saccharata hakeae on Hakea baxteri, Saccharata hakeicola on Hakea victoria, Saccharata lambertiae on Lambertia ericifolia, Saccharata petrophiles on Petrophile sp., Saccharata petrophilicola on Petrophile fastigiata, Sphaerellopsis hakeae on Hakea sp., and Teichospora kingiae on Kingia australis. Brazil: Adautomilanezia caesalpiniae (incl. Adautomilanezia gen. nov.) on Caesalpina echinata, Arthrophiala arthrospora (incl. Arthrophiala gen. nov.) on Sagittaria montevidensis, Diaporthe caatingaensis (endophyte
from Tacinga inamoena), Geastrum ishikawae on sandy soil, Geastrum pusillipilosum on soil, Gymnopus
pygmaeus on dead leaves and sticks, Inonotus hymenonitens on decayed angiosperm trunk, Pyricularia urashimae on Urochloa brizantha, and Synnemellisia aurantia on Passiflora edulis. Chile: Tubulicrinis australis on Lophosoria quadripinnata. France: Cercophora squamulosa from submerged wood, and Scedosporium cereisporum from fluids of a wastewater treatment plant. Hawaii: Beltraniella acaciae, Dactylaria acaciae, Rhexodenticula acaciae, Rubikia evansii and Torula acaciae (all on Acacia koa). India: Lepidoderma echinosporum on dead semi-woody stems, and Rhodocybe rubrobrunnea from soil. Iran: Talaromyces kabodanensis from hypersaline soil. La Réunion: Neocordana musarum from leaves of Musa sp. Malaysia: Anungitea eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus grandis × pellita, Camptomeriphila leucaenae (incl. Camptomeriphila gen. nov.) on Leucaena leucocephala, Castanediella communis on Eucalyptus pellita, Eucalyptostroma eucalypti (incl. Eucalyptostroma gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus pellita, Melanconiella syzygii on Syzygium sp., Mycophilomyces periconiae (incl. Mycophilomyces gen. nov.) as hyperparasite on Periconia on leaves of Albizia falcataria, Synnemadiella eucalypti (incl. Synnemadiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus pellita, and Teichospora nephelii on Nephelium lappaceum. Mexico: Aspergillus bicephalus from soil. New Zealand: Aplosporella sophorae on Sophora microphylla, Libertasomyces platani on Platanus sp., Neothyronectria sophorae
(incl. Neothyronectria gen. nov.) on Sophora microphylla, Parastagonospora phoenicicola on Phoenix canariensis, Phaeoacremonium pseudopanacis on Pseudopanax crassifolius, Phlyctema phoenicis on Phoenix canariensis, and Pseudoascochyta novae-zelandiae on Cordyline australis. Panama: Chalara panamensis from needle litter ofPinus cf. caribaea. South Africa: Exophiala eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Fantasmomyces hyalinus (incl. Fantasmomyces gen. nov.) on Acacia exuvialis, Paracladophialophora carceris (incl. Paracladophialophora gen. nov.) on Aloe sp., and Umthunziomyces hagahagensis (incl. Umthunziomyces gen. nov.) on Mimusops caffra. Spain: Clavaria griseobrunnea on bare ground in Pteridium aquilinum field, Cyathus ibericus on small fallen branches of Pinus halepensis, Gyroporus pseudolacteus in humus of Pinus pinaster, and Pseudoascochyta pratensis (incl. Pseudoascochyta gen. nov.) from soil. Thailand: Neoascochyta adenii on Adenium obesum, and Ochroconis capsici on Capsicum annuum. UK: Fusicolla melogrammae from dead stromata of Melogramma campylosporum on bark of Carpinus betulus. Uruguay: Myrmecridium pulvericola from house dust. USA: Neoscolecobasidium agapanthi (incl. Neoscolecobasidium gen. nov.) on Agapanthus sp., Polyscytalum purgamentum on leaf litter, Pseudopithomyces diversisporus from human toenail, Saksenaea trapezispora from knee wound of a soldier, and Sirococcus quercus from Quercus sp. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.
... & Broome) Nitschke and C. fagi Samuels & Cand. This was recently corroborated by molecular DNA and morphological data and in vitro studies leading to their exclusion from the Calosphaeriales and the description of Barbatosphaeria Réblová with closest relatives in the Ophiostomatales [82][83][84]. Although several other Calosphaeria species were historically transferred to the Ceratostomataceae, Gnomoniaceae, Nitschkiaceae, Togniniaceae, Valsaceae or Sordariomycetes incertae sedis (sensu Index Fungorum), the genus remains a heterogeneous assemblage of phenotypically similar taxa and a taxonomic revision is still required. ...
... In the phylograms inferred from Maximum Parsimony (MP) analysis of actin-β-tubulin with unspecified coding and non-coding regions [18,29] and from ML and BI analyses of ITS-actin-β-tubulin sequences but with different partitions applied to coding and non-coding regions (this study), Phaeoacremonium forms three major clades labelled as P. minimum, P. parasiticum and P. sicilianum on Fig 2. The MP and ML/BI analyses differ by the robustness of the inferred trees. While in the MP analysis Phaeoacremonium was shown as a strongly supported clade (97% MP BS) with P. minimum (99) and P. parasiticum (83) subclades, in the ML/BI phylogram these groupings obtained generally lesser support (Fig 2). Phaeoacremonium sicilianum was always positioned basal to all taxa. ...
... The utility of predicted RNA secondary structure of ITS in systematics to define species complex groups was tested in various eukaryotic groups including the Ascomycota (e.g. [83,[97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109]. ...
The Calosphaeriales is revisited with new collection data, living cultures, morphological studies of ascoma centrum, secondary structures of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and phylogeny based on novel DNA sequences of five nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding loci. Morphological features, molecular evidence and information from predicted RNA secondary structures of ITS converged upon robust phylogenies of the Calosphaeriales and Togniniales. The current concept of the Calosphaeriales includes the Calosphaeriaceae and Pleurostomataceae encompassing five monophyletic genera, Calosphaeria, Flabellascus gen. nov., Jattaea, Pleurostoma and Togniniella, strongly supported by Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods. The structural elements of ITS1 form characteristic patterns that are phylogenetically conserved, corroborate observations based on morphology and have a high predictive value at the generic level. Three major clades containing 44 species of Phaeoacremonium were recovered in the closely related Togniniales based on ITS, actin and β-tubulin sequences. They are newly characterized by sexual and RNA structural characters and ecology. This approach is a first step towards understanding of the molecular systematics of Phaeoacremonium and possibly its new classification. In the Calosphaeriales, Jattaea aphanospora sp. nov. and J. ribicola sp. nov. are introduced, Calosphaeria taediosa is combined in Jattaea and epitypified. The sexual morph of Phaeoacremonium cinereum was encountered for the first time on decaying wood and obtained in vitro. In order to achieve a single nomenclature, the genera of asexual morphs linked with the Calosphaeriales are transferred to synonymy of their sexual morphs following the principle of priority, i.e. Calosphaeriophora to Calosphaeria, Phaeocrella to Togniniella and Pleurostomophora to Pleurostoma. Three new combinations are proposed, i.e. Pleurostoma ochraceum comb. nov., P. repens comb. nov. and P. richardsiae comb. nov. The morphology-based key is provided to facilitate identification of genera accepted in the Calosphaeriales.
An updated account of Fagales-inhabiting Italian Ascomycota and mycogeography, with additions to Pezizomycotina. Abstract Studies of plant-associated Ascomycota are topical, as they have varied life modes depending on their hosts in different ecosystems. In Italy, Fagales are economically and ecologically important plants, especially in the Alps and Apennine mountain ranges. Fagales species host numerous ascomycetous species, comprising endophytes, saprobes, or pathogens. We retrieved data from 308 publications from 1873 to 2021 and listed 776 Ascomycota on Fagales in Italy. Among these, 696 were identified at the species level and 80 at the genus level. Documented taxa belong to Pezizomycotina (746), Saccharomycotina (2), Taphrinomycotina (5), and Ascomycota genera incertae sedis (23). Sordariomycetes are dominant (34%), followed by Dothideomycetes (24%), Lecanoromycetes (16%), and Leotiomycetes (11%). Distribution maps were provided for the occurrence of Fagales trees and Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycetes, and Sordariomycetes taxa. Lichenized taxa were excluded from the mapping. We provided additions to Valsariaceae (Valsaria rudis) in Dothideomycetes, Coryneaceae (Coryneum modonium), Melanconiellaceae (Melanconiella flavovirens and M. meridionalis), and Woswasiaceae (Woswasia atropurpurea) in Sordariomycetes. These taxa represent a novel host record, a provincial record, and four regional records in Italy. Species boundaries were defined using polyphasic approaches. In addition, taxonomic notes were provided for each reported class, including incertae sedis genera. The study provides information on the taxonomy, hosts, and distribution of Ascomycota in Italy to encourage further research related to important plant species.
Keywords – checklist – host-fungal distribution – morphology – phylogeny – taxonomy
