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A review of literature, museum specimens, and records from four recent National Marine Fisheries Service deepwater surveys allows us to present an annotated list of 591 species in 132 families that live below 200 meters in the area between the Scotian Shelf and the southern New England Shelf south to about 38ûN. Three orders (Stomiiformes, Percifor...
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... Rear margin of nasal flaps fringed; outer edges of nasal curtain with a distinct lobelet, apices rounded, their outer margin smooth; rear margin of curtain weakly fringed by broad and fleshy fringes; isthmus deeply arc-shaped ( Figures 13 and 14). Jaws distinctly angled (nearly straight to moderately angled in paratypes); 43 (39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50) close-set parallel tooth rows in upper jaw; individual tooth with low, subcircular base and elongated, conically pointed cusp ( Figure 13). The cusps are short and stout in all female and juvenile male paratypes ( Figure 14) and intermediately elongated in early subadult male specimen MTUF 30754. ...
A remarkable new deep-water skate, Leucoraja longirostris n. sp., is described based on eight specimens caught during different expeditions to the southern Madagascar Ridge in the southwestern Indian Ocean. The new species differs from all congeners by its remarkably long and acutely angled snout (horizontal preorbital length 17.2–22.6% TL vs. 8.5–11.9% TL and 4.2–6.1 vs. 1.7–3.5 times orbit length, snout angle 65–85° vs. 90–150°). Furthermore, it is apparently endemic to the Madagascar Ridge, distant from the known distribution areas of all congeners. In addition to L. fullonica and L. pristispina, L. longirostris n. sp. is also the only species with plain dorsal coloration. Furthermore, the new species is the only Leucoraja species with an external clasper component dike and, besides L. wallacei, the only one with four dorsal terminal (dt) cartilages. The shape of the accessory terminal 1 (at1) cartilage with four tips is also unique within the genus. A new approach for the visualization of the clasper characters is introduced based on 3D models of all skeletal and external features. This enables a much easier and much more precise interpretation of every single clasper component, of the entire structure, and, in particular, the relationship between external features and skeletal cartilages. A new English translation of the first diagnosis of Leucoraja is provided, along with a revised generic diagnosis and a key to the species of Leucoraja in the Indian Ocean.
... Number of samples for stable isotope analysis (N) and the total number of individuals (n) when some pools were made for the species, the minimum and maximum standard length of individuals (size, cm), sampling depth range (m) and mean ± standard deviation of δ 15 N values for each species. No DVM, at least towards epipelagic waters at night for feeding but possible migrations deeper into the bathypelagic zone (Moore et al., 2003;Novotny, 2018). ...
During ontogeny, the increase in body size forces species to make trade‐offs between their food requirements, the conditions necessary for growth and reproduction as well as the avoidance of predators. Ontogenetic changes are leading species to seek out habitats and food resources that meet their needs. To this end, ontogenetic changes in nocturnal habitat (vertical use of the water column) and in the type of food resources (based on stable isotopes of nitrogen) were investigated in 12 species of deep pelagic fish from the Bay of Biscay in the Northeast Atlantic. Our results revealed the existence of major differences in the ontogenetic strategies employed by deep pelagic fishes. Some species showed ontogenetic changes in both vertical habitat use and food resources (e.g. Jewel lanternfish ( Lampanyctus crocodilus ) and Atlantic soft pout ( Melanostigma atlanticum )). In contrast, other species showed no ontogenetic change (e.g. Koefoed's searsid ( Searsia koefoedi ) and Lancet fish ( Notoscopelus kroyeri )). Some species only changed food resources (e.g. Spotted lanternfish ( Myctophum punctatum ), Spotted barracudina ( Arctozenus risso ) and Stout sawpalate ( Serrivomer beanii )), while others seemed to be influenced more by depth than by trophic features (e.g. Bluntsnout smooth‐head ( Xenodermichthys copei ) and Olfer's Hatchetfish ( Argyropelecus olfersii )). These results suggest that to meet their increasing energy requirements during ontogeny, some species have adopted a strategy of shifting their food resources (larger prey or prey with a higher trophic level), while others seemed to maintain their food resources but are most likely increasing the quantity of prey ingested. As fish species can have different functional roles during their development within ecosystems, characterising ontogenetic changes in mesopelagic fish species is a crucial step to be considered in future research aimed at understanding and modelling the complexity of deep‐pelagic food webs.
... Distribution. Tropical to subtropical waters in Atlantic Ocean (northwestern, northeastern and eastern regions) (e.g., Morrow 1959;Gibbs 1984;Lloris et al. 1991;Sutton and Hopkins 1996;Vinnichenko 1997;Moore et al. 2003;Judkins and Haedrich 2018); Northwest Pacific Ocean off Ogasawara Islands (present study: Fig. 5). Grammatostomias circularis has been collected from depths between 0-802 m (e.g., Morrow 1959;Sutton and Hopkins 1996;Moore et al. 2003;Judkins and Haedrich 2018;Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 2023a, b) in the Atlantic, and 40-780 m in the Pacific (present study). ...
... Tropical to subtropical waters in Atlantic Ocean (northwestern, northeastern and eastern regions) (e.g., Morrow 1959;Gibbs 1984;Lloris et al. 1991;Sutton and Hopkins 1996;Vinnichenko 1997;Moore et al. 2003;Judkins and Haedrich 2018); Northwest Pacific Ocean off Ogasawara Islands (present study: Fig. 5). Grammatostomias circularis has been collected from depths between 0-802 m (e.g., Morrow 1959;Sutton and Hopkins 1996;Moore et al. 2003;Judkins and Haedrich 2018;Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 2023a, b) in the Atlantic, and 40-780 m in the Pacific (present study). ...
... The distributional pattern of small luminous tissue areas on the head is variable among species of Grammatostomias, judging from the present specimen and previous descriptions of congeneric species; i.e., arranged in a line below and behind the eye in G. dentatus, in a line behind the eye and a cluster posteriorly on the opercle in G. flagellibarba, and in a line below the eye and a band posteriorly on the opercle in G. ovatus (see Goode and Bean 1896;Holt and Fig. 5. Map showing records of Grammatostomias circularis. Star, circle and triangles indicate present Pacific record, type locality (Morrow 1959) and other Atlantic records (Llois et al. 1991;Sutton and Hopkins 1996;Vinnichenko 1997;Moore et al. 2003;Judkins and Haedrich 2018), respectively. Detail localities of Atlantic records from Moore et al. (2003) and Judkins and Haedrich (2018) given in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (2023a, b), respectively. ...
A single specimen of a scaleless dragonfish in the genus Grammatostomias Goode and Bean, 1896 (Teleostei: Stomiiformes: Stomiidae) was collected off the Ogasawara Islands, Japan at a depth between 40–780 m. The specimen conformed to G. circularis Morrow, 1959 in having the following characters: dorsal-fin rays 21; anal-fin rays 23; pectoral-fin rays 9; the first pectoral-fin ray not isolated; and entire luminous loop on lateral body surface very thin, almost circular and without zigzags. The likelihood of the distribution pattern of small areas of luminous tissue on the head being diagnostic for each species of Grammatostomias is briefly considered. Grammatostomias circularis has previously been recorded only from the Atlantic, the present specimen representing the first record of the species from the Pacific Ocean, and first record of a species of Grammatostomias from Japan.
... Menezes et al. (2003) listed P. elongata in Brazil and provided a voucher (MCZ 68501). Moore et al. (2003) listed the species from the New England region. However, two of these specimens (MCZ 68501 and MCZ 86988) were reidentified as P. brevirostris by examining the photographs and another specimen (MCZ 38042) has uncertain identification. ...
The elongate barracudina, Paralepis elongata (Brauer, 1906), received limited attention in the past, with only a few individuals documented, mostly in publications focusing on the feeding habits of large predatory pelagic fishes. Furthermore, the taxonomic history of the species is complicated, with some earlier sources providing incorrect information that influenced subsequent works. As a result, the accurate distribution range of P. elongata remains uncertain. An adult male specimen of P. elongata, representing the largest known individual, is reported from off Angola, southeastern Atlantic. A detailed description is provided, and the literature records of the species are reviewed and discussed.
... This genus is sexually dimorphic, PO is well expressed in males but absent in females , the absence of PO in our specimen indicates that the fish is a female. This species can be found in all major oceans with maximum reports from the Atlantic Moore et al., 2003;Harold, 2016;Carneiro et al., 2019;Villarins et al., 2022); it is also taken from South-west Pacific (Fricke et al., 2011). Species is poorly known from Indian Ocean, Harold (2016) has reported that the species was distributed in Eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, however it lacked any other information, such as description of specimen and catch locality. ...
Over the years as a part of many fishery surveys, considerable number of stomiiform fishes were collected by the Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology (CMLRE) Research Vessel ‘Sagar Sampada’. The collection came from throughout the Indian EEZ and some from the western Indian Ocean. However, a systematic identification of these fishes had never been carried out prior to this paper. Thirty-four species were identified and it was found that eight species were new records to India and one to peninsular India. Among the records, two species, Photonectes paxtoni Flynn and Klepadlo, 2012 and Photonectes barnetti Klepadlo, 2011, are collected from the Indian Ocean for the first time. The paper provides a detailed report on all the new records and a list of stomiiform species collected during these surveys. Differences in barbel morphology observed for many of the stomiids are discussed.
... Regarding the distribution of the subgenera presented herein, six of the nine current valid species of Haploclonus, including the new species (Fricke et al. 2023;present study), have been reported in the Atlantic Ocean: Eustomias acinosus Regan & Trewavas, 1930 (North Atlantic and western North Pacific), Eustomias enbarbatus Welsh, 1923 (circumglobal; widely spread in the Atlantic), E. simplex (Atlantic Ocean), and E. trewavasae (Southern Hemisphere) (e.g. Morrow and Gibbs 1964, Gibbs and Craddock 1973, Parin and Polhil'skaya 1974, Gibbs 1986, Moore et al. 2003, Nión et al. 2016, Sutton et al. 2020b. Currently, E. antea, E. enbarbatus, and E. lucenae are the only species of the subgenus Haploclonus occuring in the western South Atlantic (Villarins et al. 2022;present study). ...
... Eustomias from the western tropical Atlantic • 15 Regan & Trewavas, 1930 (eastern North Atlantic); Eustomias posti Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983 (western South Atlantic); and Eustomias spherulifer Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983 (South Atlantic) (Gibbs et al. 1983, Gibbs 1986, Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Menezes et al. 2003, Moore et al. 2003, Brown et al. 2019, Melo et al. 2020, Sutton et al. 2020b, Fermon et al. 2022present study). Although Gibbs et al. (1983) claimed that the majority of the Atlantic species did not have overlapping distributions, our data indicate that this assumption was made based on little or insufficient collecting effort (Villarins et al. 2022;present study). ...
Four new species of the scaleless black dragonfish genus Eustomias are described based on specimens collected during the ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) expeditions along the Fernando de Noronha Ridge, off northeastern Brazil, western tropical Atlantic. Eustomias (Haploclonus) antea sp. nov. differs from its congeners by having a long chin barbel without appendages, ending in a very small terminal bulb without terminal filaments. Eustomias (Haploclonus) lucenae sp. nov. has the lowest count of photophores in the lateral series (56) and a simple, short barbel, ending in a small and asymmetrical terminal bulb. Eustomias (Nominostomias) ophioglossa sp. nov. differs from its congeners by the long chin barbel with two terminal bulbs and long terminal filament with bifurcated axis along its length and with bulblets of different sizes and arrangements inside. Eustomias (Nominostomias) bertrandi sp. nov. can be distinguished by the long chin barbel with two terminal bulbs, the distal bulb more than twice as long as the proximal one, and a short terminal filament. Morphological description of a specimen identified as Eustomias (Dinematochirus) cf. minimus is provided, and an overview of the species of Eustomias reported in Brazilian waters is presented and discussed.
... ,20 Moore et al. (2003),21 Bernardes et al. (2005),22 Mundy (2005),23 Haimovici et al. (2008),24 Hartel et al. (2008),25 Liao et al. (2008), 26 Bañon et al. (2010), 27 Tatsuta et al. (2014), 28 Fricke et al. (2014), 29 Kenaley and Stewart (2015), 30 Nión et al. (2016), 31 Judkins and Haedrich (2018), 32 Carneiro et al. (2019), 33 Fricke et al. (2019), 34Cherel et al. (2020),35 Iglésias et al. (2020),36 Melo et al. (2020),37 Sutton et al. (2020),38 Villarins et al. (2022) ...
A new species of the scaleless black dragonfish genusMelanostomias is described based on a single specimen (180 mm SL) collected off the northern Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Brazil), western Tropical Atlantic. It differs from its congeners in having a unique barbel morphology, which ends in a bulb with two opposite slender terminal appendages. In addition, the occurrences of Melanostomias melanops and M. valdiviae are confirmed in Brazilian waters based on examination of new material. An overview analysis of the distribution and meristic variation of the species within the genus is also provided.
... Recent research has improved knowledge of their diversity and distribution (Bañón et al. 2019;Kenchington et al. 2020;Prokofiev 2020;Mincarone et al. 2021), including the description of new species (Pietsch and Kenaley 2011;Prokofiev 2014;Ho et al. 2016;Ho and Shao 2019;Rajeeshkumar et al. 2017). Studies from the western North Atlantic area have contributed significantly to the understanding of the deep-sea anglerfish composition in this region (Moore et al. 2003;Hartel et al. 2008;Bañón et al. 2019;Kenchington et al. 2020). ...
Fifteen specimens representing nine species of ceratioid fishes (Lophiiformes: Ceratioidei) were caught in Flemish Cap and Grand Banks of the western North Atlantic: Ceratias holboelli Krøyer, 1845 (Ceratiidae), Melanocetus murrayi Günther, 1887
(Melanocetidae), Leptacanthichthys gracilispinis (Regan, 1925), Dolopichthys karsteni Leipertz & Pietsch, 1987, Dolopichthys pullatus Regan & Trewavas, 1932, Oneirodes eschrichtii Lütken, 1871, Oneirodes macrosteus Pietsch 1974 and Oneirodes
carlsbergi (Regan & Trewavas, 1932) (Oneirodidae), and Linophryne cf. brevibarbata Beebe, 1932 (Linophrynidae). Identification was carried out by means of integrative taxonomy, combining the examination of morphological and molecular characters (DNA barcoding). The analysis showed two morphological types of D. pullatus distinguishable by the shape and morphology of the esca and the number and size of the teeth. The occurrence of Oneirodes carlsbergi represents the northernmost record in the western Atlantic. As results of the molecular analysis, 15 new ceratioid sequences were added to molecular repositories, two of them, O. carlsbergi and Linophryne cf. brevibarbata for the first time. The comparison of some nucleotide sequences shows new relationships between the genera Bertella and Dolopichthys, and also makes it possible to correct some of the erroneous assignments made in the databases. The combination of classical and molecular taxonomy has been useful for the delimitation and characterisation of these ceratioid species, contributing to a better understanding of their distribution and inter- and intraspecific variability.
... We are not alone in finding variations in fin ray counts, with several studies subsequent to Barnett & Gibbs (1968) reporting variations in the number of pectoral and pelvic fin rays (Parin & Sokolovsky, 1976;Moore et al., 2003;Prokofiev, 2014). This requires special attention as the above-mentioned meristic counts are a key diagnostic character in Bathophilus taxonomy. ...
The number of rays in pectoral and pelvic fins are the major diagnostic character for species discrimination in the genus Bathophilus . However, all of the five species of Bathophilus we studied showed considerable differences from the existing counts in the number of rays in pectoral and pelvic fins, which has made species identification and interrelations doubtful. We believe taxonomy focusing on the number of rays in the pelvic and pectoral fin alone does not fully discriminate species. At present, the importance of other characters has to be validated for correct species identification. We also report the first record of Bathophilus proximus from the Indian Ocean and additional new records of Bathophilus cwyanorum , Bathophilus altipinnis and Bathophilus digitatus from the Arabian Sea.
... Photostylus pycnopterus is a meso-to bathypelagic species with a wide distribution in the tropical and temperate waters of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, from 840 to 2868 m depth (Beebe, 1933;Fitch & Lavenberg, 1968;Goodyear, 1969;Grey, 1958;Kashkin, 1975;Mundy, 2005;Parin et al., 1976;Quéro, 1974;Rivaton et al., 1990;Sutton et al., 2020;Tsukamoto et al., 1992;Wisner, 1976). In the western Atlantic, the species was reported from Davis Strait (Canada) to the Caribbean Sea, including the Gulf of Mexico (Beebe, 1933;Becker et al., 1975;Carter & Hartel, 2003;McEachran & Fechhelm, 1998;Moore et al., 2003;Nakamura & Okamura, 1995). The two specimens reported here were collected from depths between 770 and 1020 m near the seamounts off eastern Rocas Atoll (Figure 2a). ...
... Ahliesaurus berryi is a meso-to bathypelagic species known from the subtropical and tropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Bertelsen et al., 1976;Krefft, 1986Krefft, , 1990Moore et al., 2003;Russell, 2016;Sutton et al., 2020). In the western South Atlantic, the species was previously reported from about 10 S to 40 S, outside the Brazilian EEZ (Bertelsen et al., 1976). ...
Here we report on new data on the occurrence and distribution of rare deep‐sea fishes (Teleostei) collected from off north‐eastern Brazil, including seamounts and oceanic islands of the Fernando de Noronha Ridge (Rocas Atoll and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago). Collections were made by the French RV Antea during the ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) expeditions between 29 September and 21 October 2015, and 9 April and 10 May 2017. Occurrences of Photostylus pycnopterus (Alepocephalidae), Gigantura chuni (Giganturidae), Ahliesaurus berryi (Notosudidae), Benthalbella infans, Rosenblattichthys hubbsi, Scopelarchoides danae (Scopelarchidae), Scopelengys tristis (Neoscopelidae), Zu cristatus (Trachipteridae), Stylephorus chordatus (Stylephoridae) and Pseudoscopelus cordilluminatus (Chiasmodontidae) are reported for the first time or confirmed in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. Photostylus pycnopterus and G. chuni are also recorded for the first time in the western South Atlantic, whereas records of P. cordilluminatus are the first in the western Atlantic. Other records of rare species of those families are also reported and discussed.
