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Problem statement: Yemen one of the developing country suffering from water pollution. Landfill is one of the source of water pollution. There are several boreholes located close to Ibb landfill used for drinking water. A study of composition of landfill leachate and groundwater pollution was conducted at Ibb landfill, which is located at Al-Sahool...
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Abstract:
Presently, estimated disposed municipal solid waste at Erbil landfill site (ELS) exceeded 700 tons/day. ELS is considered as Level 2 (sanitary landfill with daily cover) and anaerobic landfill. Based on the age of ELS, it is in the methane formation phase. Produced leachate from ELS regards as mature leachate. The values of parameters suc...
As a developing country, protecting groundwater resources is extremely essential in Sri Lanka. Landfills are one of the main sources of water pollution. The filling of the Gohagoda disposal yard, takes place at a distance about 50m from Gohagoda water intake plant. In addition, there is several boreholes located close proximity of the landfill, whi...
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ABSTRACT: Currently, estimated buried municipal solid waste at Erbil landfill site (ELS) exceeded 600 tons/day. Based on the age of ELS, the landfill is considered as Level 2 (sanitary landfill with daily cover), anaerobic landfill, and in the methane formation phase. Generated leachate from ELS regards as stabilized leachate. The values of paramet...
A study was carried out to determine the land use impact on water pollution at three different sites i.e Al-Sahool, Mitm and Al-Sayyadah valleys around Ibb city, Yemen. Besides determining the status of water pollution, this study also aims to recognize the sources of pollution and the results will be used to identify the relationship between the i...
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... A study conducted near a solid waste dumping site in Jordan found NO 3 − concentrations ranging from 10 to 330 mg/L, exceeding the allowable limits set by the WHO (Obeidat et al. 2007). Other regions in the Asian continent, such as Yemen, Gaza, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Iraq, have reported maximum NO 3 − levels in groundwater near solid waste disposal sites of 50 mg/L, 118.8 mg/L, 191 mg/L, 180 mg/L, and 50 mg/L, respectively (Sabahi et al. 2009;Alslaibi et al. 2011;Al-Arifi et al. 2013;Nadi et al. 2014;Rashid et al. 2022). High NO 3 − concentrations have also been observed in certain locations in Iran and Gaza (Palestine) ( Table 1). ...
Inadequate management of solid waste stands out as a primary cause of environmental contamination, leading to a decline in groundwater quality in the vicinity of landfill sites. Though landfills are required by federal regulation to have liners formed by plastic or clayey layers, these liners tend to have leaks, which can result in landfill leachate percolation into the soil and aquifers, contaminating nearby water sources and further damaging ecosystems. Currently, the elevated nitrate (NO3⁻) concentration in groundwater spurred by landfill leachates is becoming a growing global concern. Various regions across the world present groundwater NO3⁻ concentrations exceeding the threshold limit (50 mg/L) of WHO for drinking purpose. In this scenario, it is requisite to consider and develop highly efficient and affordable solutions for the long-term management of groundwater resources. Therefore, a bibliographical review was conducted in this paper by searching literature in Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SpringerLink, PubMed, and Scopus to analyze NO3⁻ pollution in groundwater caused by landfill leachates and explore the impacts of landfills and NO3⁻ pollution on the environment and human health. In addition, this review also presents an overview of the leachate treatment technologies to remove nitrogenous compounds, particularly NO3⁻. This review entails a worldwide appraisal of groundwater NO3⁻ pollution to comprehend the human health risks and aid in optimizing groundwater quality. A resulting framework developed in this review provides an improved grasp of the link between inadequate landfill management and adverse environmental and health outcomes and urged all stakeholders to address the issue of solid waste to ensure environmental and human health. Overall, the results emphasize the need for immediate action and collaborative efforts to mitigate these impacts and ensure the long-term sustainability of waste management practices.
... Forming the major component of plant and animal cells, it is the basis of life and W therefore the development of water resources is an important component in the integrated development of any area. Open dumps as a method of waste disposal are the oldest and most common way of disposing solid wastes in most cities of developing nations [4]. One of the serious problems affiliated with the open dumps is the infiltration of the leachate into the surrounding environment, and consequent contamination of land and water [5]. ...
... Additionally, open waste disposal sites frequently lack trustworthy geological or man-made barriers, raising concerns about the possibility of pollutants leaching into groundwater, especially when waste is dumped in erosion gullies and ravines (like in Afam), many of which extend below the groundwater table. Open dumps are the oldest and most common way of disposing solid wastes, and although in recent years thousands of them have been closed, many are still being used E. Alsabahi, S. Abdulrahim, W. Y. Wanzuhairi, F. Alnozaily, and A. Fares [5]. ...
This study investigates the impact of groundwater pollution in Oyigbo Local Government Area, Nigeria, and the consequences of solid wastes, quality, and its control. The study was inspired by the uncontrolled way that both home and industrial wastes are dumped on the ground, in rivers, burried, burned, and dumped in trash heaps. Papers and polyethene, tin and metals, ashes and dust, texture and rags, aluminum and other minerals are among the primary solid wastes produced in Oyigbo. These wastes form leachates and gases when they degrade and are washed by percolating and infiltrating rain water into the groundwater, according to an examination of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of raw water at ten distinct places in Oyigbo close to disposal grounds. However, while a small number of the water characteristics evaluated did not meet W.H.O. criteria, the majority did. Despite this, recommendations are given to address the issues, including promoting raw water analysis, awareness campaigns, increased groundwater investigation in Oyigbo, and adherence to the resource management principle. From the results obtained, it was discovered that the mean concentration values of TDS, pH, BOD and COD are 89.24mg/l, 7.62mg/l, 13.87mg/l and 14.58 for leachate samples. Also the mean concentration values for Mn, Cl, Mg in groundwater samples are 62.34mg/l, 22.74mg/l and 2.60mg/l and for well water samples and 57.35mg/l, 28.30mg/l and 1.25mg/l respectively. The characteristics of the domestic well water samples showed a mean concentration of biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD = 16.26 mg/l), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD = 18.67 mg/l), Dissolved Oxygen (DO = 4.84 mg/l) and temperature (29.66ᵒC). Also, the characteristics of the groundwater samples showed a mean concentration of biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD = 13.67 mg/l), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD = 16.11 mg/l), Dissolved Oxygen (DO = 4.03 mg/l) and temperature (27.16ᵒC). This result shows that there are high level of BOD,COD and DO in Domestic well water than that of groundwater in that location(site).
... The high levels indicated pollution from landfill waste, which requires treatment before use [18]. These results of our study disagreed with [19][20][21][22][23], in which the authors explained that the levels of chlorides were statistically significantly higher than those of prior measurements conducted in other developing countries. ...
The rapid increase in population, urbanization, industrialization, and changes in consumption patterns have given rise to many environmental problems, which mainly include air, land, and water pollution. In Khartoum North, Khartoum State, Sudan, there was a lack of a compatible solid waste management system. These resulted in a decline in environmental health, and the majority of the yards were turned into dumps (kusha). The current study focused on the effects of uncontrolled dumping of municipal solid waste on groundwater, as well as assessing the risk of physiochemical concentrations in the water around the dumpsite and comparing the differences between the dry and rainy seasons in water samples at Wadafiea Dumpsite, Khartoum North, Sudan. Water parameters such as TSS, Cl⁻, TDS, Ca, Mg, SAR, and Na exceeded the controlled 1 (1.333) and 2 (1.332) levels of water and were within the Sudanese Maximum Values, the bounds of Canadian Guideline Values, and WHO Values.
... In this regard, surrounding areas near a dumpsite in Nigeria presented groundwater with Cl − , pH, and Mn values above World Health Organization (WHO) limits of 250 mg L −1 , 6.5-8.5, and 0.1 mg L −1 , respectively (Oyelami et al., 2013). In another assessment, Sabahi et al. (2009) identified that one out of five groundwater monitoring wells in a dumpsite in Yemen contained Mg concentrations above WHO limits (50 mg L −1 ), two wells presented EC levels and Na + concentrations above established limits (1400 mS cm −1 and 50 mg L −1 , respectively), and three wells presented total solids (TS), Cl − , and Ca concentrations above maximum limits (500, 250, and 75 mg L −1 , respectively). The detected contamination was, thus, attributed to leachate percolating throughout the dumpsite soil (Sabahi et al., 2009). ...
... In another assessment, Sabahi et al. (2009) identified that one out of five groundwater monitoring wells in a dumpsite in Yemen contained Mg concentrations above WHO limits (50 mg L −1 ), two wells presented EC levels and Na + concentrations above established limits (1400 mS cm −1 and 50 mg L −1 , respectively), and three wells presented total solids (TS), Cl − , and Ca concentrations above maximum limits (500, 250, and 75 mg L −1 , respectively). The detected contamination was, thus, attributed to leachate percolating throughout the dumpsite soil (Sabahi et al., 2009). ...
The final disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in dumpsites is still a reality worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries, leading to leachate-contaminated zones. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out soil and leachate physicochemical, microbiological, and toxicological characterizations from a non-operational dumpsite. The L-01 pond samples presented the highest physicochemical parameters, especially chloride (Cl; 4101 ± 44.8 mg L−1), electrical conductivity (EC; 10,452 ± 0.1 mS cm−1), and chemical oxygen demand (COD; 760 ± 6.6 mg L−1) indicating the presence of leachate, explained by its close proximity to the landfill cell. Pond L-03 presented higher parameters compared to pond L-02, except for N-ammoniacal and phosphorus levels, explained by the local geological configuration, configured as a slope from the landfill cell towards L-03. Seven filamentous and/or yeast fungi genera were identified, including the opportunistic pathogenic fungi Candida krusei (4 CFU) in an outcrop sample. Regarding soil samples, Br, Se, and I were present at high concentrations leading to high soil contamination (CF ≤ 6). Pond L-02 presented the highest CF for Br (18.14 ± 18.41 mg kg−1) and I (10.63 ± 3.66 mg kg−1), while pond L-03 presented the highest CF for Se (7.60 ± 1.33 mg kg−1). The most severe lethal effect for Artemia salina was observed for L-03 samples (LC50: 79.91%), while only samples from L-01 were toxic to Danio rerio (LC50: 32.99%). The highest lethality for Eisenia andrei was observed for L-02 samples (LC50: 50.30%). The applied risk characterization indicates high risk of all proposed scenarios for both aquatic (RQ 375–909) and terrestrial environments (RQ > 1.4 × 105). These findings indicate that the investigated dumpsite is contaminated by both leachate and metals, high risks to living organisms and adjacent water resources, also potentially affecting human health.
... The consequent failure of solid waste management in cities is a universal fact [12][13][14]. In Nigeria, open/unlined dumpsites are the oldest and most common waste disposal preference in cities [15,16]. Unlined dumpsites are mainly 1 3 The communities living around the study area use groundwater water for cooking, bathing, washing and drinking. ...
Borehole water has been the main source of drinking water for the communities living within the Nnewi metropolis. The quality of this borehole water has been significantly affected by the presence of unlined waste dumpsites which release leachates. The present study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and quality of borehole water located around the environment of the unlined dumpsite in Nnewi. In this study, thirty-two (32) borehole water samples were collected from around the dumpsite (16) and control (16) areas in wet and dry seasons. The levels of the physicochemical parameters were determined using the American Public Health Association (APHA) standard methods. The quality of the borehole water was compared with World Health Organization (WHO) permissible drinking water limits. The pollution index (PI) and water quality index (WQI) of the borehole water were also evaluated. The results also showed that only the nitrite values in the dumpsite area for both seasons were above the WHO drinking water limits. The summation of the pollution indices were above the critical value of 1 in both seasons for the study areas. The WQI revealed that the water samples were heavily polluted with the most polluted being the dumpsite area in both seasons. The results revealed that the underground water in the dumpsite area was contaminated through the uncontrolled release of leachates from dumpsite. The contamination from the control area may not be related to the dumpsite but was linked to irregular waste disposal sites, wastewater infiltration and runoff from farmlands. The borehole water samples was not good for drinking and domestic purposes without proper treatment.
... Predominantly in urban areas of developing countries, solid waste dumps pose great threats as apparent from the above paragraph to the groundwater source which is a key source of domestic water supply in these areas (Farid et al. 2012). Municipal solid waste dumps can contaminate the groundwater resources with bacteria and other pathogens (Al-Sabahi et al. 2009). ...
This study was conducted to investigate the quality of groundwater affected due to the municipal solid waste (MSW) used as a landfill. To assess the impacts, 13 groundwater samples were collected from solid waste dumping sites (SWDS) and 13 from safe sites (SS). Groundwater was analyzed for pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), Cl−, Ca+2, K+1, NO−2, NO−3, SO4−2; heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Fe; biological parameter such as total coliform. Waste samples collected from SWDS showed that food and garden waste had the highest percentage by weight (30.5%) followed by fines (17.3%). The two groups (SWDS and SS) differ significantly for the mean value of EC, TH, Na, Ca, NO3− and SO4−2, Ni and TC. Samples collected from SWDS (84%) were found contaminated with total coliform (TC) ranged 2–22 (No./100 ml). It was analyzed that concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, EC, TH, NO3−, SO4−2, NO2−, Ca+2, Na+, TC, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd and TC were more in the samples collected from 70–130 feet than 140–200 feet. TC found in 70–80 feet depth was significantly different from the rest of the groups. A questionnaire survey was also conducted from the people living near the dumping sites to assess the frequency of the water-related disease the community is suffering from. The results of the questionnaire survey revealed negative correlation between the diseases and distance from the landfill sites, and significant correlation was only observed for typhoid, cholera, skin allergies and gastroenteritis. The study confirmed that using MSW as a fill material has contaminated the groundwater quality, and leveling of land through MSW is not safe. Deep drilling is recommended for extraction of groundwater in the contaminated area to minimize the associated health risks.
... handling of solid waste such as open dumping can pose many environmental problems and humans health issues (Abd Manaf et al., 2009;Castañeda et al., 2012;Ferronato & Torretta, 2019;Nagendran et al., 2006;Qin et al., 2016;Suocheng et al., 2001). Among them, soil and water pollution, gas formation, odour problems and human health issues arising from poor environmental quality are most common (Al-Sabahi et al., 2009;Calvo et al., 2005;Longe & Balogun, 2010;Vasanthi et al., 2008). The pollution of surface and groundwater is a severe problem of poorly protected and poorly managed landfills due to the production of leachate (Andrei et al., 2021;Mavropoulos & Newman, 2015). ...
The disposal of solid wastes is a significant problem in urban areas in many developed and developing countries. Waterways are often subjected to pollution by effluents discharged from solid waste dumpsites. The stable isotopes and water quality data provide useful information on tracing pollutant sources and their contaminant pathways. The effect of a major solid waste dumpsite on surface and groundwater quality of the surrounding area was investigated by measuring water quality parameters and stable isotopes of deuterium (²H), oxygen (¹⁸O), ¹⁵ N‐ΝΟ3 and ¹⁸O-NO3 in tropical Sri Lanka. The surface water and groundwater wells close to the dumpsite indicated clear evidence of leachate contamination with enriched total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and Cl⁻ levels. The correlation of groundwater quality parameters, i.e. EC (−r² = 0.8), TDS (−r² = 0.8), TSS (−r² = 0.5), ammonia (−r² = 0.4), phosphates (−0.6), sulphates (−0.5), Cl⁻ (−0.6) and isotope δ²H‰ (−0.9) with distance from the dumpsite, further confirmed the effects of dumpsite on groundwater quality. The composition of δ¹⁵N‐ΝΟ3 and δ¹⁸O-NO3 isotopes in the groundwater indicated that the dominant source of NO3⁻ to groundwater is manure septic originating from the dumpsite. The findings of the study provided clear evidence of the effect of open dumping on the water resources of the surrounding area and the need for remedial measures.
... Groundwater protection is a major environmental issue. Open dumps are the oldest and most common way of disposing solid wastes, and although in recent years thousands of them have been closed, many are still being used [9]. The channel open dumping site, located in Hyderabad sindh, the industrial and commercial city of Pakistan with a population of over 03 million, one of the major deposits of both domestic and industrial. ...
The present study has been conducted to evaluate the different samples of groundwater, surface leachate and Soil, for the determination of chemical parameters of surface leachate and their effects on soil using X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopic (XRF) technique. Samples were collected from the vicinity of unregulated dumping site area of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Different chemical and elements including essential trace and toxic were determined. The impact assessment of leachate on the quality of surface water and ground water around the Hyderabad disposal site was conducted by means of physical, chemical and biological analysis of water. In present study it was concluded that the municipal solid waste leachate is affecting the irrigated soil and ground water quality with the highly toxic chemicals and elements; and the comparative findings on the similar aspects reported from different parts of the world linearly supported the results of the present study. In conclusion, the impact of surface leachate indicated that the surface water is more polluted than groundwater.
... Some of the components of landfill leachate may be categorized as a waterbased solution of four groups of contaminants dissolved organic matter, inorganic macrocomponents, heavy metals, and xenobiotic organic compounds [4]. The most important potential environmental concern associated with landfill is the formation of leachate and the subsequent contamination of soil and water resources [5,6]. ...
Recently, surface water pollution has generated grave concerns because of anthropogenic activities including inadequate management of waste. Therefore, this study is concerned with the evaluation of surface water contamination by leachate from uncontrolled landfill in Yenagoa Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Three surface water samples were taken from a stream adjacent to an uncontrolled landfill and analyzed. The Downstream point (SW 1) and Upstream points (SW 3) were taken 50 meters from the southernmost and northernmost ends of the landfill, while the Central point (SW 2) was also taken 50 meters from the central edge of the landfill. The parameters analyzed were, pH, EC, TDS, COD, BOD, TH,NH4+, SO42-, NO3-, Phosphate, Cd, Cr, Cu2+, Pb, Zn, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+, K+, as well as Total coliform count using standard methods. The concentration of these parameters were compared with NSDWQ and WHO to ascertain their levels within the surface water. The surface water analysis across the Downstream point (SW 1) showed that parameters like pH, EC, TDS, TA, TH, Na, K, Fe, BOD, COD, Phosphate and Total Coliform Count, recorded 7.18, 2,450 μS/cm, 1,225 mg/l, 534.9 mg/l, 270 mg/l, 122.92 mg/l, 69.42 mg/l, 9.48 mg/l, 25 mg/l, 16 mg/l, 7.5 mg/l and 2.80 X 106 cfu/ml respectively. All these values except pH were above NSDWQ and WHO recommended values for potable water. When compared to samples from SW 2 and SW 3, SW 1 samples had higher concentration of parameters. However, some metals and heavy metals like Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr were below equipment detectable limits for all sampled locations. It was confirmed therefore that the Downstream point (SW 1), was the most contaminated among the three sampled surface water points, in this study. Pearson’s correlational analysis also confirmed that some parameters indicated unity. It was recommended that surface water sources around landfills should be properly monitored to curb water pollution.
