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This article presents empirical evidence of the governance challenges faced by not-for-profit (NFP) organisations. Drawing on interviews and survey data, the paper explores perceptions of NFP leaders concerning governance challenges, drawing implications for theory and practice. The research shows that NFPs face internal and external contingencies...
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... International Classification of Non-Profit Organisations was used to categorise the respondents. Figure 1 shows that most industry sectors were represented but with higher proportions in two categories: Education and Research, and Social Services. The twelve interviewees represented the following sectors: Social Services (n=4); Development and Housing (n=3); Law, Advocacy and Politics (n=2); Education and Research (n=2); and Business and Professional Organisation, Unions (n=1). ...
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... A paradox perspective highlights this tension at two levels: at the meso level, between the homogeneity and heterogeneity of members, and at the micro level, between communality (feeling of a group solidarity) and individuality (individual self-interest) (Puusa et al., 2016;Sacchetti & Tortia, 2021). Co-operatives aim to encourage and maintain a trade-off between the individual interests of members and the collective interests of the co-operative as an organization, as well as between different categories or subgroups of members (Chelliah, Boersma, & Klettner, 2015;Langmead, 2016;Somerville, 2007). A paradox perspective even encourages organizations to strengthen the dynamics between opposite poles. ...
... as cited in Whyman, 2012. Today more than ever, co-operatives must count on a board made up of competent individuals with diverse and complementary expertise (Chelliah et al., 2015;Spear et al., 2009). Cornforth (2004 sheds light on this issue by raising the tension between expertise and representativeness, two poles with opposing logics, but both necessary for the success of the organization. ...
Despite their importance in the global economy, co-operatives are still understudied by governance experts and misunderstood by the general public. However, their purpose, ownership and decision-making and profit-sharing structures make co-operatives very different from their corporate, investor-owned counterparts. This article draws on existing literature to describe the specificities of co-operatives and argues in favour of governance theories and practices appropriate to this organizational model. Based on a member-centred conceptualization of co-operatives – as member-owned, member-controlled and member-benefiting – we highlight seven paradoxes specific to co-operative governance and show the limits of traditional theories and practices in coping with these paradoxes. We argue in favour of implementing governance models that both reinforce the co-operative identity and increase the economic and social benefits of co-operatives.
... This study explores governance theories from both Western and Islamic perspectives. Corporate governance has gained much attention not only from the perspective of profit-based organisations but also not-for-profit organisations and has allowed governance mechanisms to be put in place to promote improved organisational performance (Chelliah, Boersma, & Klettner, 2015;Considine, 2003;Dunne, 2013). As a consequence, many organisations are now more focussed on their governance and applying good governance best practice in their organisations. ...
Extensive international studies have been conducted on corporate governance in profit-oriented organisations and not-for-profit organisations. However, there is a paucity of literature on the governance of Islamic not-for-profit charities. This conceptual paper aims to investigate and provide insight into governance theories from Islamic perspectives which can be applied in not-for-profit organisations. To achieve the objective of the study, this paper reviews the relevant literature of governance studies. Findings of this review suggest that Islamic governance principles differ from those of the west, the board composition needs expertise in Shariah area, stakeholders' interest need to align with the protection of faith, life, integrity and property and the need for an organisation to produce true and fair disclosure. Finally, the study compares the review of governance theories from both Western and Islamic perspectives. The study contributes to the academic literature by adding to the existing literature on the governance of not-for-profit organisations and Islamic charities.
... This study explores governance theories from both Western and Islamic perspectives. Corporate governance has gained much attention not only from the perspective of profit-based organisations but also not-for-profit organisations and has allowed governance mechanisms to be put in place to promote improved organisational performance (Chelliah, Boersma, & Klettner, 2015;Considine, 2003;Dunne, 2013). As a consequence, many organisations are now more focussed on their governance and applying good governance best practice in their organisations. ...
Extensive international studies have been conducted on corporate governance in profit-oriented organisations and not-for-profit organisations. However, there is a paucity of literature on the governance of Islamic not-for-profit charities. This conceptual paper aims to investigate and provide insight into governance theories from Islamic perspectives which can be applied in not-for-profit organisations. To achieve the objective of the study, this paper reviews the relevant literature of governance studies. Findings of this review suggest that Islamic governance principles differ from those of the west, the board composition needs expertise in Shariah area, stakeholders' interest need to align with the protection of faith, life, integrity and property and the need for an organisation to produce true and fair disclosure. Finally, the study compares the review of governance theories from both Western and Islamic perspectives. The study contributes to the academic literature by adding to the existing literature on the governance of not-for-profit organisations and Islamic charities.
The issue of poor ethics and integrity among students as well as in the working communities is an alarming issue that needs to be addressed. The value of ethics can be built and instill during the school days especially during the tertiary level because entering the workforce will be their next milestone. Nevertheless, the issue of online academic cheating has been rampant in most universities, mostly due to the advancement of technologies and there are various creative methods to cheating these days and these students have improvised from the usual traditional cheating methods. Traditional classroom learning also has transcend to online learning these days due to COVID-19 pandemic that swept across the world since end of year 2019 till today. This chapter will discuss the concept of online learning, definitions of academic cheating, reasons for online cheating by students, various online cheating methods as well as the ways to mitigate the problems of online academic cheating among students in the twenty-first century.
This study aims to examine the governance challenges faced by Islamic charitable institutions. A case study approach has been adopted in this study where the data were collected via semi-structured interviews and documents. The interviews were conducted among board members and executive management of the selected Islamic charity. The data were then analysed using ATLAS.TI program. The findings of the study show that there are three main themes developed such as unclear job description, absence of member requirement and scarcity of human resources. Finally, the results of this study can be a guideline to the Islamic charitable institutions to improve in terms of governance practices in the future.
There is a lack of systematic empirical evidence regarding the success
factors of GSCM practices. To address these issues, this study examines the relationship between Top management support and Support supplier development practices
of green supply chain management (GSCM) in the Jordanian construction sector.
Based on a review of the previous studies, 27 items of the survey design were
included. 136 manager’s data was collected from a population study. The study
hypotheses were tested by multiple regressions. The results of the study revealed
that Top management support and Support supplier development were supported
with practices of GSCM. The results of the study improve and expand the current
literature on more efforts to adopt GSCM, as well as motivate researchers to develop
this concept and expand studies on the factors that lead to the success GSCM in the
world and Jordanian construction sector in especially. This research is one of the few
studies that examine the success factors of GSCM practices in the construction sector
in Jordan in particular and developing countries in general. Theoretical implications
and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
This descriptive study employs the Social Mediated Crisis Communica-tion Model [SMCC] to primarily identify the crisis response strategies adopted by the Palestinian Ministry of Health in facing the Corona Covid-19 pandemic. The extent to which the public accepted these strategies approved by the ministry following the form of the messages directed to the audience is consequently examined. The study, at the same vein, attempts to detect the audiences’ emotional responses that have been shaped following the selected form of messages under analysis. Traditional media, social media or offline word-of-mouth entail the form of message. A content anal-ysis was conducted on the ministry’s communications during the study period. To triangulate the data, a questionnaire has been designed and electronically distributed on a sample of 370 students enrolled at Hebron University, Palestine. The analysis has shown that the supportive strategies are the most acceptable responses to the audience. They create a positive emotional reaction following the type of message source applied. The study also concludes that—in health crises—social media and offline word-of-mouth are more convenient as a form of message at the outbreak and during the pandemic. The form of message is highly influential on the development of internal and external dependent-attributed emotions. The current study argues that it is essential to adopt social media and offline word-of-mouth as a communication form during health crises.
This study aims to explore the role of open innovation in developing a new product by relying on two main dimensions (collaboration, digital technology) of open innovation during an economic crisis and its effect on firm financial performance. A conceptual framework has been developed to explain the role of open innovation on new product development by considering open innovation's collaboration and digital technology dimensions and their effect on firm financial performance. Hence, literature related to these aspects has been reviewed. COVID-19 vaccine case study sheds light on applying the open innovation approach to product and service development. The results show the relationship between open innovation through collaboration and digital technology, positively affecting firm financial performance. One limitation lies in that this paper lacks exploratory or survey-based data. Future research can investigate the case of each company separately to get a deeper understanding of the role of open innovation in producing the COVID-19 vaccine under uncertainty. Also, future research can study different dimensions of open innovation (e.g., R&D and intellectual property) on the development of the COVID-19 vaccine. The paper suggests ways in which firms could use open innovation for the efficient exploration, acquisition, integration, and development of valuable knowledge.KeywordsOpen Innovation (OI)New product development (NPD)CollaborationDigital technology (DT)Firm performanceCOVID-19
