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Through public health studies, specifically on child obesity modeling, research scholars have been attempting to identify the factors affecting obesity using suitable statistical techniques. In recent years, regression, structural equation modeling (SEM) and partial least squares (PLS) regression have been the most widely employed statistical model...
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Context 1
... of comparing against overweight thresholds and fixed underweight values, the BMI is compared against a percentile of children of the same gender and age [53]. Table 1 provides the child BMI categories. A BMI below the 5th percentile indicates underweight and above the 95th percentile, obesity. ...
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Citations
... Although there is a paucity of research analyzing the relationship between SNA and MetS, our findings are in line with a recent study that evaluated the relationship between adolescents' social networks and their health in adulthood suggesting that their position in their social network during adolescence has lasting implications for MetS in adulthood (10). It should be noted that most studies have focused on BMI, pointing to a possible relationship between SNA and excessive media use with an increased risk of developing obesity in children and adolescents (11)(12)(13)55), which is related to cardiometabolic problems (1,4). Therefore, it is important to highlight that excessive exposure to digital platforms could have negative effects on the cardiovascular health of this population group through the onset of obesity (56). ...
Background
The link between physical and mental health and screen time in adolescents has been the subject of scientific scrutiny in recent years. However, there are few studies that have evaluated the association between social network addiction (SNA) and metabolic risk in this population.
Objective
This study determined the association between SNA and anxiety symptoms with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Peruvian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, who completed a Social Network Addiction Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item scale (GAD-2), between September and November 2022. A total of 903 participants were included in the study using a non-probability convenience sample. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were also collected. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the association between SNA and anxiety symptoms with MetS in a cross-sectional analysis.
Results
Males were more likely to have MetS than females (OR = 1.133, p = 0.028). Participants who were 16 years of age or older and those with excess body weight were 2.166, p = 0.013 and 19.414, p < 0.001 times more likely to have MetS, respectively. Additionally, SNA (OR = 1.517, p = 0.016) and the presence of anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.596, p < 0.001) were associated with MetS.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest associations between SNA, anxiety symptoms, and MetS among youth. However, more studies are needed to better understand this association and to deepen the possible clinical and public health implications.
... Obesity is one of the first health consequences of excessive ST that has been investigated [3]. Nowadays, it is widely accepted that excessive ST correlates with childhood obesity [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. According to a meta-analysis by Fang K et al., more than 2 h of daily ST is positively associated with obesity. ...
... Each added hour of daily ST increased the chance of obesity by 13% [11]. The type of ST also plays an important role, as social media (SM) use has been described to be the most important risk factor (RF) for obesity in primary and secondary school children [12], while for video games (VGs), no such association could be found [13]. Mineshita Y et al. made a distinction between the timing of ST (before bedtime) and the duration of ST, both of which were linked with obesity [14]. ...
... Furthermore, the age of children was identified as a modifying factor. A greater influence on BMI [12] and CVF [24] was observed in adolescents. Additionally, a study showed that as children grow older, they tend to use DM more. ...
Nowadays, children and adolescents are exposed to digital media (DM) from an early age. Therefore, specific guidelines have been published by the World Health Organization, whose aim is to limit daily screen time (ST) viewing. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a rise in DM use, and consequently ST viewing, was observed. More and more aspects of modern life are thought to be affected by excessive ST viewing. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to document the health effects of excessive ST viewing on children and adolescents. A narrative review was performed in searchable databases. In total, 43 original articles were considered. Excessive ST viewing was correlated with increased risk for obesity and other cardiometabolic risk factors, mental health, unhealthy dietary habits and eating disorders, and problems in development and child–parent relationships. Sleep, physical activity, eyesight, headaches, and the musculoskeletal system were negatively affected as well. However, the effect of ST was weighted by the type of media used and the way types of media were used. Other confounding factors were reported. There is evidence to suggest a negative correlation between excessive ST and youth health exists. Nevertheless, more research is needed if this correlation is to be established.
... Through the analysis process of the relevant research articles concerned with kids' digital safety in this SR, we found that researchers from different disciplines have captured attention concerning this issue and how social media platforms influence children in various ways, such as mental health [86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96], food and beverage marketing [3,64,69,[97][98][99][100][101][102][103], cyberbullying [104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111], and childhood obesity [112][113][114][115]. Additionally, internationally recognized organizations raised awareness and were concerned about children's safety online in the digital world. ...
Background: With digital transformation and growing social media usage, kids spend considerable time on the web, especially watching videos on YouTube. YouTube is a source of education and entertainment media that has a significant impact on the skill improvement, knowledge, and attitudes of children. Simultaneously, harmful and inappropriate video content has a negative impact. Recently, researchers have given much attention to these issues, which are considered important for individuals and society. The proposed methods and approaches are to limit or prevent such threats that may negatively influence kids. These can be categorized into five main directions. They are video rating, parental control applications, analysis meta-data of videos, video or audio content, and analysis of user accounts. Objective: The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the existing methods, techniques, tools, and approaches that are used to protect kids and prevent them from accessing inappropriate content on YouTube videos. Methods: This study conducts a systematic review of research papers that were published between January 2016 and December 2022 in international journals and international conferences, especially in IEEE Xplore Digital Library, ACM Digital Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Springer database, and ScienceDirect database. Results: The total number of collected articles was 435. The selection and filtration process reduced this to 72 research articles that were appropriate and related to the objective. In addition, the outcome answers three main identified research questions. Significance: This can be beneficial to data mining, cybersecurity researchers, and peoples’ concerns about children’s cybersecurity and safety.
... • Income: (a) less than RM 2,000 (value 1); (b) between RM 2,000 and RM 3,000 (value 2); (c) between RM 3,000 and RM 4,000 (value 3); (d) between RM 4,000 and RM 5,000 (value 4); (e) greater than RM 5,000 (value 5). Lifestyle was measured based on Nakayama et al. (2001) and Khajeheian et al. (2018) research. The indicators included average working hours per day; physical activity per week; average screen time use per day (e.g., TV, smartphone, tablet); and average sleeping hours per night. ...
... However, three indicators, including physical activity and average working hours, were eliminated from the analysis for the lifestyle variable. According to the previous studies, the average screen time used and sleeping hours were retained in the analysis (Khajeheian et al., 2018). For the demographic variable, we calculated the average level of the respondents' backgrounds and distributed them into five categories, as indicated in Table 2. ...
Introduction
Depression and obesity are the main threat among women which have been considered by many research scholars in psychology studies. In their analysis for measuring and estimating obesity and depression they were involving statistical functions.
Methods
Regression, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and in the last two decades Structural Equation Modeling are the most familiar statistical methods among research scholars. Taguchi algorism process is one the statistical methods which mostly have been applying in engineering studies. In this study we are looking at two main objectives. The first one is to introduce Taguchi algorism process and apply it in a case study in psychology area. The second objective is challenging among four statistical techniques include ANOVA, regression, SEM, and Taguchi technique in a same data. To achieve those aims we involved depression and obesity indices with other familiar indicators contain socioeconomic, screen time, sleep time, and usage fitness and nutrition mobile applications.
Results and discussion
Outputs proved that Taguchi technique is able to analyze some correlations which are not achieved by applying ANOVA, regression, and SEM. Moreover, SEM has a special capability to estimate some hidden correlations which are not possible to evaluate them by using ANOVA, regression, and even Taguchi method. In the last, we found that some correlations are significant by SEM, however, in the same data with regression those correlation were not significant. This paper could be a warning for psychology research scholars to be more careful with involving statistical methods for measuring and estimating of their research variables.
... Food and social media is highly a controversial topic. While some studies point out that the use of social media can be associated with an increase of unhealthy food intake and Body Mass Index (BMI) (Coates et al. 2019a;Khajeheian et al. 2018), other studies, as well as the OECD and the American Heart Association suggest that Given this, the aim of this paper is to provide a broad bibliometric review for marketing and business scholars, companies, and organizations on past and current research regarding food and social media within the social sciences, in order to reveal the main addressed topics, as well as for suggesting future topics of research in this field of knowledge. To achieve the results, this research uses the co-word analysis of Keywords. ...
Interest in food and online communication is growing fast among marketing and business scholars. Nevertheless, this interest has been not exclusive to these areas. Researchers from different disciplines have focused their research on different concepts, target populations, approaches, methodologies, and theoretical backgrounds, making this growing body of knowledge richer, but at the same time difficult to analyze. In order to have a broader overview of this topic, this study analyzes the existent literature regarding food and social media in social sciences in order to identify the main research streams and themes explored. With this purpose, the present paper uses bibliometric methods to analyze 1356 journal articles by means of factor and social network analysis. The study contributes by revealing 4 clusters containing 11 dominant research streams within the social sciences, determining the linkages among the main research discourses, and recommending new future topics of research.
... Previous studies on childhood obesity modeling have pointed out that parental feeding behaviors [7], parental socioeconomic status [8][9][10], and the child's food intake [11,12] are considered vital and fundamental potential factors. Moreover, nutritional education has been considered the most practical and financially friendly method to tackle the ...
The relationship between neighborhood food environment and childhood obesity is complex and not yet well defined by current research in China, especially when considering the integrated effects with other relative factors. The main purpose of this article is to introduce a framework of children’s weight status, based on their neighborhood food environment, and to identify the impact of food environment on the children’s BMI and potential pathways. The participants of this cross-sectional study were students aged 8–16.5 years old and their parents. Two conceptual frameworks were tested using the structural equation modeling method, and two models were extracted. Model B added the neighborhood food environment based on model A. By comparing the two models, the neighborhood environment was potentially correlated with the children’s BMI directly and may have a positive impact on unhealthy-food eating behaviors, which were positively associated with the children’s BMI. The results suggest that the focus should be placed on the integrated effects of the potential risk factors of childhood obesity, based on considering the neighborhood food environment, which may relate to children’s unhealthy-food eating behaviors and weight status.
... Parents, however, are not the only people who model such behavior (18). Paradoxically, the ubiquitous technological development, which is supposed to be a convenience, can also pose a huge threat (19). In developed countries, 94% of teenagers use social media platforms such as: Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook, or TikTok (20), and this also applies to children (21). ...
... In developed countries, 94% of teenagers use social media platforms such as: Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook, or TikTok (20), and this also applies to children (21). Many studies around the world indicate that children and adolescents use social media for up to several hours a day, an example of such research is an Iranian study in which almost 80% of children and adolescents use social media 3-4 h or more a day (19). Using these media, we often come across information on the subject of obesity, which can very quickly spread around the world, including by using a hashtag (#) for them appropriately (22). ...
... The latter very often relate to two areas of functioning -body image and eating patterns (19). As shown by the research carried out so far, eating patterns and body image can play a very important role in developing obesity (e.g., (10,23,24), and one of the theoretical models explaining this is the Homeostatic Theory of Obesity (25). ...
Children’s food preferences are closely related to their parents’ food preferences and knowledge of food is linked to what their parents share with them. Parents, however, are not the only people who model such behavior. Paradoxically, the ubiquitous technological development can also pose a huge threat. In developed countries, 94% of teenagers use social media platforms such as: Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook, or TikTok, and this also applies to children. It can therefore be argued that parents’ nutritional preferences and behavior are related to the same behaviors of children and there is an extensive literature on this subject. It is therefore important to check how other factors – new technology (and social media in particular) – can influence changes in this area. A literature search was conducted in the following databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO in December 2021. After applying all the filters and verification of relevance in terms of the research on the topic of interest to us, 4 articles related to research on body image and social media and 4 articles related to research on food choices and social media among children and adolescents were obtained. The conducted analysis showed that various studies so far indicate that social media can have a very strong influence on the development of eating patterns and body image in children and adolescents, which in turn may be one of the risk factors for developing obesity when promoted behaviors are not associated with a healthy lifestyle. It is also worth pointing out that social media can be used as a resource in the prevention and treatment of obesity. A closer look at this topic seems to be particularly important due to the fact that, among adults, social media is not only a very important source of information about lifestyle, but also a source of social support when people attempting to lose weight. Therefore, by increasing preventive activity in social media and using modern solutions related to social media (including the use of hashtag signs), we can have a greater impact on the health awareness of children and adolescents around the world.
... Out of the reports, 15 dealt with the association of social media use and diet [21,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. The problems were related to junk food marketing (9 reports) [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] obesity (4 reports) [21,[41][42][43], unhealthy eating behaviors (3 reports) [44][45][46], and alcohol marketing (2 reports) [21,47]. ...
... Out of the reports, 15 dealt with the association of social media use and diet [21,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. The problems were related to junk food marketing (9 reports) [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] obesity (4 reports) [21,[41][42][43], unhealthy eating behaviors (3 reports) [44][45][46], and alcohol marketing (2 reports) [21,47]. In Table 3 the retrieved articles dealing with social media and diet, and their major findings are presented (Table 3). ...
... Social media is the first independent risk factor for obesity in primary school children and the second for high school students. In both primary school and high school models, children's social media use has the highest impact on child's BMI [42]. In addition, heavy media use during preschool years is associated with small but significant increases in BMI, especially if used ≥ 2 h of media per day [21]. ...
In recent years, social media has become part of our lives, even among children. From the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic period, media device and Internet access rapidly increased. Adolescents connected Internet alone, consulting social media, mostly Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. During “lockdown”, the Internet usage allowed communication with peers and the continuity activities such as school teaching. However, we have to keep in mind that media usage may be related to some adverse consequences especially in the most vulnerable people, such as the young. Aim of the review is to focus on risks correlated to social media use by children and adolescents, identifying spies of rising problems and engaging in preventive recommendations. The scoping review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, searching on PubMed the terms “social media” or “social network”, “health”, and “pediatrics”. Excluding articles not pertinent, we found 68 reports. Out of them, 19 were dealing with depression, 15 with diet, and 15 with psychological problems, which appeared to be the most reported risk of social media use. Other identified associated problems were sleep, addiction, anxiety, sex related issues, behavioral problems, body image, physical activity, online grooming, sight, headache, and dental caries. Public and medical awareness must rise over this topic and new prevention measures must be found, starting with health practitioners, caregivers, and websites/application developers. Pediatricians should be aware of the risks associated to a problematic social media use for the young’s health and identify sentinel signs in children as well as prevent negative outcomes in accordance with the family.
... Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan adanya hasil penelitian yaitu pada anak yang memiliki frekuensi bermain sosial media tinggi memiliki pola makan yang tidak sehat dan juga tidak melakukan aktivitas berat per hari memiliki BMI yang tinggi. (Khajeheian et al., 2018). ...
Handphone sudah menjadi alat yang wajib dimiliki semua orang karena semua aktivitas sudah dapat dialihkan dengan online. Sebuah penelitian pada tahun 2015 mengatakan bahwa lebih dari 2.000 remaja menggunakan handphone untuk mengakses sosial media selama 92% setiap harinya. Salah satu pengaruh yang signifikan terjadi dari sosial media tersebut adalah gangguan pada mental dan fisik remaja seperti meningkatnya stress, pola hidup yang tidak baik (alcohol dan narkotika), berubahnya pola tidur, dan obesitas. Oleh karena itu penting sekali dalam memanajemen waktu dalam penggunaan sosial media setiap harinya. Tujuan kajian ini untuk mengetahui korelasi antara penggunaan media sosial dengan kesehatan mental dan fisik remaja. Dalam kajian ini peneliti menggunakan metode systematic review, yang dimana artikel dipilih menggunakan metode PRISMA. Artikel yang digunakan didapatkan dari fasilitas database online melalui halaman Google Scholar dan ScienceDirect. Artikel yang diperoleh dipilih berdasarkan publikasi yang diterbitkan dari tahun 2017 sampai 2022 (5 tahun). Dari kedelapan artikel yang terpilih, didapatkan hasil bahwa seluruh artikel menyatakan bahwa adanya korelasi antara penggunaan sosial media dengan kesehatan mental dan fisik remaja. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin baik remaja memanajemen waktu untuk menggunakan sosial media pada setiap harinya, maka semakin rendah pula kejadian yang berpengaruh pada kesehatan mental dan fisik remaja.
... Rentang usia remaja menurut WHO tahun 2014 ialah 10 (Nutall., 2015) 8 . ...
Penggunaan sosmed rata-rata pada anak tingkat sekolah menengah pertama adalah 4jam/hr, dengan kondisi tidak melakukan aktivitas fisik. Remaja umumnya memiliki waktu tidur 7-8 jam/hr. Resiko obesitas pada remaja terjadi pada remaja dengan SES sedang hingga tinggi, pola makan yang buruk, kecanduan sosmed dengan pemakaian 4 jam/hr serta tidak memiliki aktifitas fisik (Khajeheian, Colabi, Nordiana, Jasimah & Jenatabadi., 2018); (Kelly, Zilanawala, Booker, & Sacker., 2019); (Fardouly, Diedrichs, Vartanian, & Halliwell., 2015); (Robinson et al, 2019). Persepsi BD ini mempengaruhi remaja khususnya remaja perempuan untuk harus memiliki BMI yang normal. Sehingga kasus gangguan pola makan seperti bulimia pun meningkat. Sosial media berkaitan dengan hubungan antar teman. Semakin tinggi korelasi pertemanan di sosial media membuat para remaja cenderung memiliki harga diri yang tinggi (De Vries, De Graaf, & Nikken., 2016); (Prabhu, & D’Cunha., 2018); (Burnette., 2017); Ferguson, Mun˜oz, Garza, & Galindo., 2013). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan media sosial dengan Body Mass Index (BMI) pada remaja usia 12 - 15 tahun tingkat SMP di Kecamatan Kramat Jati Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pada penelitian ini siswa di 4 sekolah tingkat pertama di Kecamatan Kramat Jati. Kelas 8 dan 9. Remaja mengisi kuesioner SONTUS dan melakukan pemeriksaan berat badan dan tinggi badan.Luaran penelitian ini harapannya dapat memberikan masukan yang berguna sebagai promosi kesehatan ataupun sebagai penyuluhan dalam rangka melihat gambaran dari penggunaan sosial media yang mempengaruhi BMI remaja.Kata Kunci : Media Sosial, Body Mass Indek
