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In this paper, we consider efficient blind decoder design for orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs). A general decision rule for blind OSTBC decoding is derived assuming a quasi-static flat multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Rayleigh fading channel. We use the linear dispersion representation of OSTBCs to derive a blind decoder that results...
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... first consider that the channel remains constant for N blocks. Fig. 2 shows the BER versus SNR of various blind decoders, i.e., (21) with SD (blind SD), blind SDR [6], blind cyclic [4] and blind subspace [5]. The blind SD and blind SDR perform substantially better than the other blind decoders. At BER=10 −3 , the blind SD has a 0.2-dB gain over blind SDR. Compared with the benchmark, the blind SD ...
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... We note that the polynomial complexity order is solely determined by the number of antennas used at the receiver. This is in sharp contrast to sphere-decoding approaches for ML blind detection [6], [7] that have exponential complexity. ...
... In fact, (8) is a sufficient and, with probability 1 (w.p.1), necessary 1 condition forŝ2 to solve (7) as well. Certainly, phase ambiguity can be resolved by differential modulation at the transmitter according to [13] which, however, reduces the encoding rate and imposes constraints on the validity of the sequences that are considered in the optimization problem in (7). In Section III, we develop a novel differential modulation scheme for the resolution of this ambiguity that (i) attains full rate for any constellation order and (ii) guarantees that the encoded matrix maintains the characteristics of the initial codebook so that all possible sequences of Alamouti matrices become valid. ...
... To initialize the decoding process, the receiver makes a decision s ∈ AM 2P on the transmitted symbol sequence using the ML detector in (7). Then, it builds the respective Alamouti sequence C(ŝ (0) ), C(ŝ (1) ), . . . ...
We consider Alamouti encoding that draws symbols from M -ary phase-shift keying (M -PSK) and develop a new differential modu-lation scheme that attains full rate for any constellation order. In contrast to past work, the proposed scheme guarantees that the en-coded matrix maintains the characteristics of the initial codebook and, at the same time, attains full rate so that all possible sequences of space-time matrices become valid. The latter property is exploited to develop a polynomial-complexity maximum-likelihood noncoher-ent sequence decoder whose order is solely determined by the num-ber of receive antennas. We show that the proposed scheme is supe-rior to contemporary alternatives in terms of encoding rate, decoding complexity, and performance.
National development is a primary objective of all developing nations. For the development process to occur, the nation in question has to ensure that certain needs are met, and education ranks among the top priorities as it underpins all needs. In many third world nations, education at the tertiary level usually takes place in universities in selected urban centers and mostly for traditional students. This is viewed as inadequate and efforts are being made to extend university education to other centers with the hope of involving more people in the non-traditional sector in the education process. University of Ghana has adopted this and has extended their service to mature and non-traditional students. By employing information and communication technology (ICT), these students will be able to participate in the education process from their homes. This paper describes how Ghanaians view this technology and may use it to empower non-traditional students in their effort to improve the level of education in the country which will lead to the advantage of sustained development in the country.
In this paper, we consider blind channel estimation for cyclic-prefixed single-carrier (CP-SC) systems via second-order statistics only. By exploiting the existence of real symbols in the transmitted data block, we develop a simple technique for blind channel estimation that does not need redundant precoding or virtual carriers. Hence, the proposed algorithm provides bandwidth efficiency. A side benefit of the proposed algorithm is that the phase ambiguity, which is an inherent problem in traditional blind channel estimation, is reduced to sign ambiguity only. This side benefit facilitates signal detection in digital communications where symbols are usually taken from a finite alphabet. Although the proposed method is mainly developed for channel estimation in single-input-single-output CP-SC systems, it can also be applied straightforwardly to single-input-multiple-output systems (either with CP-SC or other kinds) and multiple-input-multiple-output systems whenever real symbols exist or are deliberately inserted in the transmission.
