Figure - available via license: CC BY
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The traditional method of blockchain retrieval is to search the “Block File” in sequence from the "tail" to the "head" of the blockchain, which always takes a lot of time. How to reduce the retrieval time has been a hot issue in blockchain research. This paper proposes a fast retrieval method for the Multi-Transaction Mode Consortium Blockchain (MT...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... order to illustrate the search time of B+-tree, suppose that the search probability of any item in the tree is p, the total number of users in the consortium blockchain is M, the total number of block files is N, the order of B+-tree is d, the number of orders is t, the average space utilization is f, 0.5 ≤ f ≤ 1 (f = used storage space / maximum available storage space), and each user participates in m blocks on average, then the relationship shown in Table 1 can be obtained. ...Similar publications
Dynamic or temporal networks enable representation of time-varying edges between nodes. Conventional adjacency-based data structures used for storing networks such as adjacency lists were designed without incorporating time and can thus quickly retrieve all edges between two sets of nodes (a node-based slice) but cannot quickly retrieve all edges t...
Citations
... Blockchain retrieval method research includes Refs. [21,22]. Ren [21] proposes a DCOMB (dual combination bloom filter) method that combines the data stream of the Internet of Things with the timestamp of the blockchain to improve the versatility. ...
... Ren [21] proposes a DCOMB (dual combination bloom filter) method that combines the data stream of the Internet of Things with the timestamp of the blockchain to improve the versatility. Tu [22] proposes a set of solutions including extracting the account address, establishing an inverted index between the account address and the block hash, and using the B+ tree to manage it. ...
... In the scene of blockchain retrieval, the main retrieval features are account address and time characteristics. Tu [22] realizes a blockchain retrieval system based on the B+ tree. Compared with the traditional sequential retrieval and redis-based scheme, the retrieval performance is greatly improved. ...
In the era of the digital economy, blockchain has developed well in various fields, such as finance and digital copyright, due to its unique decentralization and traceability characteristics. However, blockchain gradually exposes the storage problem, and the current blockchain stores the block data in third-party storage systems to reduce the node storage pressure. The new blockchain storage method brings the blockchain transaction retrieval problem. The problem is that when unable to locate the block containing this transaction, the user must fetch the entire blockchain ledger data from the third-party storage system, resulting in huge communication overhead. For this problem, we exploit the semi-structured data in the blockchain and extract the universal blockchain transaction characteristics, such as account address and time. Then we establish a blockchain transaction retrieval system. Responding to the lacking efficient retrieval data structure, we propose a scalable secondary search data structure BB+ tree for account address and introduce the I2B+ tree for time. Finally, we analyze the proposed scheme’s performance through experiments. The experiment results prove that our system is superior to the existing methods in single-feature retrieval, concurrent retrieval, and multi-feature hybrid retrieval. The retrieval time under single feature retrieval is reduced by 40.54%, and the retrieval time is decreased by 43.16% under the multi-feature hybrid retrieval. It has better stability in different block sizes and concurrent retrieval scales.
... Blockchain can increase the power of the Internet of Things across the supply chain to track assets, improve workers' rights, and take a more sustainable approach to the environment, carbon management, and the circular economy (Zhang et al., 2014). Blockchain helps speed up data recovery through data encryption algorithms and then decrypts to be used with greater confidence while maintaining privacy (Zhang et al., 2020). With IoT technology and blockchain, collaboration between different stakeholders in the chain is much smoother and safer. ...
Today, due to industrial development in the world, the variety of products has increased and products have special complexities. Lean supply chain is an approach aimed at producing and delivering products in the fastest possible time with the least production waste. The lean supply chain approach is one of the most important strategies to help managers in the organization due to the nature of its activities and the volume and variety of products, suppliers, and customers within the organization, with very diverse needs and very high geographical dispersion. This approach can, as an effective tool, play a very functional role in reducing waste from the supply chain and reducing organizational costs. Today, evolving technologies such as the Internet of Things and blockchain play a significant role in facilitating lean supply chain creation. The Internet of Things (IoT), along with blockchain technology, provides instant insight into every move of the goods made in the supply chain and more responsibility than ever before. In addition, IoT eliminates many of the paperwork requirements prone to supply chain management error and simplifies processes for less efficient product management from warehouse to final destination. In this study, a framework for a lean supply chain based on these technologies was first proposed. Then, the critical success factors in this lean supply chain were extracted using the literature and expert opinions. In order to evaluate these factors and study their internal relationships, a nonlinear fuzzy approach and fuzzy DEMATEL method were used. The results show that quick response to customer needs is one of the most important critical factors for the success of the lean IoT- blockchain based supply chain.
... Merkle tree can be implemented as B-Merkle tree using modified polynomial commitment scheme with proofs based on element ordering giving small proof sizes and low tree heights [48], [49]. Tu et al. [50] suggests B+ tree to store the blockchain keeping the transactions on leaf nodes and the indexes on inner nodes. Redis Cache technology is used for fast indexing of block files. ...
Precision farming has a positive potential in the agricultural industry regarding water conservation, increased productivity, better development of rural areas, and increased income. Blockchain technology is a better alternative for storing and sharing farm data as it is reliable, transparent, immutable, and decentralized. Remote monitoring of an agricultural field requires security systems to ensure that any sensitive information is exchanged only among authenticated entities in the network. To this end, we design an efficient blockchain-enabled authenticated key agreement scheme for mobile vehicles-assisted precision agricultural Internet of Things (IoT) networks called
AgroMobiBlock
. The limited existing work on authentication in agricultural networks shows passive usage of blockchains with very high costs.
AgroMobiBlock
proposes a novel idea using the elliptic curve operations on an active hybrid blockchain over mobile farming vehicles with low computation and communication costs. Formal and informal security analysis along with the formal security verification using the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) software tool have shown the robustness of
AgroMobiBlock
against man-in-the-middle, impersonation, replay, physical capture, and ephemeral secret leakage attacks among other potential attacks. The blockchain-based simulation on large-scale nodes shows the computational time for an increase in the network and block sizes. Moreover, the real-time testbed experiments have been performed to show the practical usefulness of the proposed scheme.
... Traditional search method can be performed for each blockchain in the tree, whereby we can exclude networks on which the prosumer does not operates. However, new methods and algorithms are emerging that can perform a blockchain search much faster than the traditional method where the search is performed from the beginning to the end of the blockchain [64]. For the operation of the proposed system, only the information link between blockchain networks is sufficient, and users would look on their own for a way to obtain funds for operation on various sidechains. ...
Shared Manufacturing is a new mode of social manufacturing based on the principles of a sharing economy. This paper presents a scalable framework for blockchain-based Shared Manufacturing that preserves the transparency and immutability characteristics of transaction records, which is critical to building trust between entities in blockchain-based systems. We define a blockchain-based protocol for the service execution according to the design principles of the sharing economy. We present a scalable integration of blockchain technology into the concept of Shared Manufacturing by employing cross-chain solutions. We discuss existing cross chain technologies regarding the requirements of Shared Manufacturing and propose hybrid approach. We compare implementations of the proposed framework on two different blockchain networks: Ethereum public network and Xdai sidechain network. We conduct user-oriented test to explore the performance (cost and time) of the implementations in realistic situations in order to justify the use of the sidechain technology. Results indicate that the implementation on the sidechains provides greater scalability than the implementation on the public blockchain network.
... The MTMCB is constructed based on the different characteristics derived from the current technologies of blockchain that corresponds to secure encryption, point-to-point encryption, distributed storage, and relative decentralization. 26 This features of MTMCB helps in generalizing the "transaction of smart parking systems" that could be achieved through blockchain technology into "processing and results of the parking space allocation" and reconstructs "the mechanism of verifying the transaction" through "block distribution and storage." Figure 1 presents the view of the transaction and regulatory node system used in the design of MTMCB used in the proposed RS-IMTMCB-PIR scheme. The regulatory node system is included in the server side of the service providers of the smart parking system for achieving the process of initialization, auditing, and transaction processing. ...
In big cities, the drivers face a major problem in identifying an optimal vacant parking space for their vehicles as the number of vehicles has rapidly grown over the recent years. This objective of determining the available parking space results in wastage of time, air pollution, and traffic congestion. Smart parking systems facilitate the driver to book parking slots and attain real-time parking information. However, the existing smart parking solutions necessitate the disclosure of sensitive information like desired destination from the vehicle drivers. Moreover, the current smart parking solutions are highly centralized, making them vulnerable for launching privacy breaches by service providers and resulting in the issues of single-point failure. In this paper, ring signature and improved multi-transaction mode consortium blockchain-based private information retrieval (RS-IMTMCB-PIR) scheme is proposed for privacy preserving in smart parking system. This RS-IMTMCB-PIR scheme initially utilizes an improved multi-transaction mode consortium blockchain constructed by different number of parking lot owners in order to achieve maximized parking offers based on the factor of availability, transparency, and security. It incorporates an improved private information retrieval approach for protecting the location privacy of drivers and secretly retrieving the offers of parking from the improved multi-transaction mode consortium blockchain. It further utilizes the benefits of ring signature for permitting the drivers in a potential anonymous authentication process that aids in available parking slot reservation. The simulation results of this proposed RS-IMTMCB-PIR scheme portrayed a predominant performance in ensuring maximized degree of drivers' privacy with reduced computation and communication overheads.
In the healthcare system, selecting the correct physician is very important. Physicians have specialization and repute also for the treatment of the patient. Blockchain is reliable, anonymous, immutable and distributed ledger technology, best for the healthcare system. In blockchain privacy of the patient is maintained. So for selecting the correct physician, the feedback of previously treated patients by the physician also matters. We proposed a blockchain-based healthcare system that takes feedback from the patients. This proposed system uses a deep learning model based on RNN (Recurrent Neural Network), which optimizes the patient’s feedback and suggests selecting the recommended physician for the next cycle of patient appointment. This proposed system is implemented using PHP-based blockchain and uses a customized hash solving consensus algorithm. This system is implemented in a private blockchain. The deep learning part is implemented using LSTM(Long Short Term Memory) RNN using TensorFlow. Feedback of patients is collected in the blockchain and mark as transactions. The reputed physicians are a miner in the blockchain network. The accuracy of the proposed system is about 70% as the blockchain da does not have many features as the plain dataset.KeywordsBlockchainDeep learningHealthcarePatient feedbackRNNLSTM
