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Average spore size of Antrodiella species. Species are abbreviated according to 4 to 5 first letters of their epithets. Lines group species into narrow-spored (Q>2), small-spored (width below 2.1 μm) and wide-spored groups.
Source publication
Type collections of Antrodiella (Basidiomycota, polypores) from Europe, North America and Siberia were studied. The current concept of Antrodiella semisupina includes many species; the European taxon is A. pallescens, comb. nov., while A. semisupina sensu typi occurs in North America. The identity of A. romellii was clarified and an epitype was sel...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... are thicker and often shorter (Figs. 1 and 3), with convex to straight ventral side, not concave like in A. pallescens; different shapes are seen in the Q values (Fig. 4). In the study of Johannesson et al. (2000) these two species were clearly separated on the basis of their ITS sequences. Spore size of A. faginea comes also close to A. pallasii (Fig. 2), which grows on gymnosperms rotten by Trichaptum, and has slightly smaller spores and narrower subicular skeletals. Basidiocarps of the latter are yellowish, and tubes tend to split and therefore have lacerate orifices. Antrodiella semisupina sensu stricto resembles A. faginea as well, and their identities should be reconsidered when ...
Context 2
... species of Antrodiella is often difficult, since differences between the species are small. In Table 2 we summarise the main characters of all the species treated here. The species have been sorted into three groups based on their spore characters (see also Fig. 2). Gloeocystidia have been used to delimit species (for instance Postia leucomallella (Murrill) Jülich) and even genera (Gloeocystidiellum) in Aphyllophorales. The exact meaning of the term varies greatly in the literature, sometimes used only for plasma- rich special cells that arise from subhymenium (like in Antrodiella), sometimes ...
Citations
... For microscopic analysis, free-hand sections of basidiomes were mounted on microscope slides and examined. All microscopical structures were measured with the aid of an eyepiece micrometer, with a subjective accuracy of 0.1 µm, using Cotton Blue (abbreviated CB, Merck 1275; Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA) prepared in lactic acid, following Miettinen et al. [25], with ×1000 magnification and phase contrast illumination. Melzer's reagent (IKI) was used to determine the presence/absence of amyloid or dextrinoid or a negative reaction. ...
Phellinotus (Polyporales) is a common genus of wood-decay fungi in tropical and subtropical areas, endemic to the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF) biome. However, Phellinotus diversity remains unexplored, despite being a major threat to living trees. Therefore, this study is aimed at confirming and characterizing through morphological and molecular data the first isolates of Phellinotus teixeirae in Pithecellobium dulce (Fabaceae) trees (locally referred to as ‘Chiminango’) from the endangered Colombian SDTF biome. Fifteen fungal specimens were recovered from living P. dulce trees, in the urban area and at the Universidad del Valle campus, and classified as P. teixeirae based on taxonomical descriptors. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred from a four-loci dataset (ribosomal and gene-coding regions), including 82 taxa covering 3991 nucleotide positions. The analysis recovered seven highly supported (>90% bootstrapping) monophyletic taxa of the ‘Phellinotus Clade’, and confirmed the new distribution range of P. teixeirae (100% bootstrap support), which extends approx. 1000 km north in the Neotropics. Hierarchical stratified Analysis of MOlecular VAriance (AMOVA) provided a clear genetic distinction between species (70% of variation, p-value = 0.001) and low differentiation among country of origin within species (11%, p-value = 0.044). Discriminant Analysis for Principal Components (DAPC) indicated complex clustering including closely related species, probably a signal of recent radiation and weak species boundaries. Median-joining haplotype network analysis identified unique haplotypes, which may correlate with new host colonization and population expansion (Tajima’s D ≤ −0.5). In conclusion, this study provides the first assessment of the genetic diversity of P. teixeirae in a novel geography (SDTP) and host tree (P. dulce). However, increasing the number of isolates remains critical to understand further the genus’ distribution patterns and drivers of genetic diversity.
... Antrodiella species are often growing on or near to the living, dead, or dying fruitbodies of pioneer woodinhabiting fungi, as summarized in Table 1. The association of Antrodiella species with their predecessor species is always specific, in most cases at the species or genus level, and in one case at the family level (e.g., Niemelä et al. 1995;Johannesson et al. 2000;Miettinen et al. 2006). This suggests that the interaction between successor and predecessor has a long evolutionary trajectory, and that the association may indicate an advantageous strategy to gain and maintain resources. ...
... Table 1 Associations of Antrodiella species with preceding species in Europe. Note that information on some species is scarce, as some species are only known from a limited number of specimens from their type locality Literature: (1) Ryvarden and Melo (2014); (2) Johannesson et al. (2000); (3) Niemelä and Ryvarden (1983); (4) Niemelä et al. (1995); (5) Miettinen et al. (2006); (6) Spirin and Zmitrovich (2003); (7) Kout et al. (2014); (8) Vampola and Pouzar (1996); (9) Vampola (1991); (10) Bernicchia et al. (2007); (11) Jahn (1967 ...
Antrodiella species ( Agaricomycotina , Polyporales ) are often growing on or near to the living, dead, or dying fruitbodies of pioneer wood-inhabiting fungi. Antrodiella citrinella always occurs on wood that previously has been decayed by the polypore Fomitopsis pinicola . However, the underlying mechanism remained unclear. Based on field observations, it has been assumed that the succeeding species is not only a highly competitive wood decomposer but also a mycoparasite feeding on the preceding species. To investigate the interaction between A. citrinella and the putative host F. pinicola , the species were grown in dual cultures at different temperatures (5–25 °C). The interaction tests were complemented with qualitative enzymatic tests for both species and microscopic examination of the interaction zone. In the dual cultures, A. citrinella replaced F. pinicola only at low temperature (5 °C); at higher temperatures (25 °C), it was vice versa. Light microscopy revealed preferential growth of A. citrinella toward F. pinicola , hyphal contact, and finally death of F. pinicola hyphae. Enzymatic tests showed that A. citrinella is capable to degrade extracellular proteins, chitin, cellulose, and lignin. We interpret the interaction as mycoparasitism, as we suggest that A. citrinella is capable to recognize, kill, and feed from F. pinicola , beside its ability to degrade woody substrates. The results are discussed in an ecological context.
... from URM, NY and BPI herbaria were studied for morphological comparisons (herbarium abbreviations follow Thiers (2022)). For micromorphological studies, sections of the basidiomes were prepared on microscope slides with Cotton blue (Merck 1275) in lactic acid solution (Miettinen et al. 2006). For a better observation of inflated thin-walled hyphae present in the trama, slides were mounted one day prior to observation, allowing a more visible stain with Cotton blue. ...
The genus Flaviporus (Polyporales, Steccherinaceae) includes species of polypores with watery and resinous basidiomes that shrink and become very hard upon drying. Recent studies indicated that F. liebmannii, one of the most common species of the genus in the Neotropics, is polyphyletic. In addition, several names have been associated with Flaviporus in the past, but have not been revised and/or discussed recently. In this study, we aimed to identify monophyletic groups in the genus based on morphological features and a multigene molecular phylogeny. We prepared two different datasets to infer phylogenetic relationships, one based in four genes (ITS, ncLSU rDNA, TEF1-α, and RPB1) to evaluate the position of the genus within the Steccherinaceae, and a separate phylogeny based on two genes (ITS and ncLSU) to evaluate species-level boundaries within Flaviporus. Based on the data obtained, the new species Flaviporus lacteus is proposed. In addition, F. liebmannii is confirmed to form a species complex including at least two different species, F. liebmannii s.s., and F. subglobisporus comb. et stat. nov. Full descriptions of the new taxa proposed, as well as comments on all species accepted in the genus are provided.
... Macromorphological characteristics (texture, consistency, shape and color) are based on fresh and dried specimens and measurements were made under a stereo microscope. For micromorphological analysis, free-hand sections of the basidiomes were prepared on microscope slides with cotton blue (Merck 1275) in lactic acid solution prepared following Miettinen et al. (2006), indicator of cyanophilic (CB+) or acyanophilic (CB") reactions. Melzer's reagent (IKI) was used to determine the presence or absence of amyloid and dextrinoid reactions. ...
Phlebiodontia is proposed as a new genus in the Meruliaceae based on morphological and molecular data. The genus is typified by Phlebiodontia rajchenbergii, a new species proposed for Brazil, and also includes P. acanthocystis (Hawaii) and P. subochracea (Germany), which are new combinations proposed in this study. The species of Phlebiodontia are morphologically characterized by yellowish ceraceous basidiomes, with slightly warted to hydnoid hymenophore, monomitic hyphal system, clamped generative hyphae, presence of smooth thin-walled cystidia and broadly ellipsoid to allantoid basidiospores. The phylogenetic relationships of Phlebiodontia and the related taxa in Meruliaceae were inferred from a 4-locus dataset including nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), the D1-D2 domains of 28S rDNA (28S), RNA polymerase II largest subunit (rpb1) and translation elongation factor 1- (tef1). This work presents complete descriptions, comments and discussion about morphology and distribution of Phlebiodontia species.
... from H were studied. Microscopic methods were described in Miettinen et al. (2006). All measurements were made in Cotton Blue (CB, Merck 1275; Kenilworth, New Jersey) with phase contrast illumination (1250×). ...
We describe a new corticioid species Lyomyces denudatus based on morphological and molecular data (nuc rDNA ITS). It occurs both in the extreme south of South America and New Zealand. Our phylogenetic analyses place it near L. densiusculus from Africa and L. fimbriatus from East Asia. In addition, we comment on the status of L. leptocystidiatus and L. fumosus.
... Fungarium abbreviations are given according to Index Herbariorum (Thiers). Microscopic methods were described in Miettinen et al. (2006). All measurements were made in Cotton Blue (CB, Merck 1275; Kenilworth, New Jersey) with phase contrast illumination (1 250 ×), which allowed reporting them with 0.1 μm precision. ...
We studied a number of sub-Saharan collections of corticioid Xylodon and Lyomyces species, including several types. Morphological descriptions and molecular analyses based on the ribosomal DNA loci nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and when possible nuc 28S rDNA, allow us to introduce four new species: L. densiusculus , X. angustisporus , X. dissiliens , and X. laxiusculus . DNA barcodes for X. submucronatus and X. pruniaceus are published for the first time and X. pruniaceus is re-described.
... material and specimens from the herbarium of the University of Helsinki (H) were studied. Microscopic methods were described in Miettinen et al. (2006). All measurements were made in Cotton blue (CB; Merck 1275; Kenilworth, New Jersey) with phase contrast illumination (1250×). ...
Modern taxonomic studies of Agaricomycetes rely on the integrative analyses of morphology, environmental data, geographic distribution, and usually several DNA loci. However, sampling and selection of DNA loci for the analyses are commonly shallow. In this study, we suggest minimal numbers of necessary specimens to sample and DNA loci to analyze in order to prevent inadequate taxonomic decisions in species groups with minor morphological and genealogical differences. We sampled four unlinked nuclear DNA gene regions (nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, gh63, rpb2, and tef1) to revise the systematics of a common wood-decaying species Basidioradulum radula (Hymenochaetales) on an intercontinental set of specimens collected in the Northern Hemisphere. The DNA loci analyzed violate the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition principles, thus confirming a single-species interpretation. We conclude that Hyphodontia syringae is a younger synonym of B. radula.
... . The genus is traditionally characterized by resupinate, pileate, and pileate-stipitate basidiomes with a dimitic hyphal system, small, globose to cylindrical, thin-walled, hyaline basidiospores, absence of cystidia, white rot mode of nutrition, a tetrapolar mating system, and a normal (haplodikaryotic) nuclear behavior (Miettinen et al. 2006;Rajchenberg 2011). Since its description, the genus has been widely accepted, with several species described and combined into it. ...
... Several studies report European species of Antrodiella growing on dead basidiomes of polypores, including species of Inonotus P. Karst., Hymenochaete Lév., Trichaptum Murrill, and Fomes Fr., among others (Niemelä and Ryvarden 1983;Vampola 1991;Niemelä et al. 1995;Vampola and Pouzar 1996;Miettinen et al. 2006). Although this seems to be a common ecological characteristic for several species of the genus, we did not observe the same on specimens studied of Antrodiella trivialis, all of which were found on dead wood. ...
The genus Antrodiella includes resupinate and pileate species of polypores with a dimitic hyphal system, small, globose to cylindrical basidiospores, absence of cystidia, tetrapolar mating system, and haplo-dikaryotic nuclear behavior. Recent studies, however, indicate that Antrodiella is highly polyphyletic, so many of its species have been transferred to other genera. This study reviews the systematic status and diversity of Antrodiella from the Neotropics based, in part, on studies of type specimens. Collections from Brazil were used for molecular analysis of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 (ITS), nuc 28S rDNA (28S), and portions of genes encoding translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2). Eight genera are confirmed to include Neotropical species treated as Antrodiella in a broad sense: Aegis, Antrodiella s. str., Flaviporus, Metuloidea, Mycorrhaphium, Rickiopora, Trametopsis, and Trullella. Molecular data reveal the occurrence of two new species, described as Antrodiella trivialis, the only Neotropical species of Antrodiella s. str. known so far, and Mycorrhaphium hispidum. In addition, Antrodiella luteocontexta was found to nest in the genus Aegis, close to the Grifolaceae and Polyporaceae; therefore, the new combination Aegis luteocontexta is proposed. Comments on the eight Antrodiella-related genera as well as species with uncertain taxonomic position are provided, together with a key to their identification.
... Microscopic methods are described in Miettinen et al. (2006). All measurements were made in Cotton Blue (CB, Merck 1275) with phase contrast illumination (1250×). ...
Lagarobasidium is a small genus of wood-decaying basidiomycetes in the order Hymenochaetales. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have either supported Lagarobasidium as a distinct taxon, or indicated that it should be subsumed under Xylodon, a genus that covers the majority of species formerly placed in Hyphodontia. We used sequences from the ITS and nuclear LSU regions to infer the phylogenetic position of the type species L. detriticum. Analyses confirm Lagarobasidium as a synonym of Xylodon. Molecular and morphological information show that the traditional concept of L. detriticum covers at least two species, Xylodon detriticus from Europe, and X. pruinosus with known distribution in Europe and North America. Three species currently placed in Lagarobasidium are transferred to Xylodon, viz. X. magnificus, X. pumilius, and X. rickii. Three new Xylodon species are described and illustrated, X. ussuriensis and X. crystalliger from East Asia and X. attenuatus from the Pacific Northwest America. The identity of X. nongravis, described from Sri Lanka, is discussed.
... Microscopic structures were studied and measured with Leitz Diaplan and Leica DMBL microscopes (×1250 magnification). Microscopic routines used in this study follow Miettinen et al. (2006Miettinen et al. ( , 2012. Measurements were made and illustrations were drawn in Cotton Blue using phase contrast illumination and oil immersion (with a subjective accuracy of 0.1 μm; Miettinen et al. 2006). ...
... Microscopic routines used in this study follow Miettinen et al. (2006Miettinen et al. ( , 2012. Measurements were made and illustrations were drawn in Cotton Blue using phase contrast illumination and oil immersion (with a subjective accuracy of 0.1 μm; Miettinen et al. 2006). ...
We propose a taxonomic revision of the two closely related white-rot polypore species, Skeletocutis nivea (Jungh.) Jean Keller and S. ochroalba Niemelä (Incrustoporiaceae, Basidiomycota), based on phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor EF-1α sequences. We show that prevailing morphological species concepts of S. nivea and S. ochroalba are non-monophyletic and we delineate new species boundaries based on phylogenetic inference. We recognise eleven species within the prevailing species concept of S. nivea (S. calida sp. nov., S. coprosmae comb. nov., S. futilis sp. nov., S. impervia sp. nov., S. ipuletii sp. nov., S. lepida sp. nov., S. nemoralis sp. nov., S. nivea sensu typi, S. semipileata comb. nov., S. unguina sp. nov. and S. yuchengii sp. nov.) and assign new sequenced epitypes for S. nivea and S. semipileata. The traditional concept of S. ochroalba comprises two independent lineages embedded within the S. nivea species complex. The Eurasian conifer-dwelling species S. cummata sp. nov. is recognised as separate from the North American S. ochroalba sensu stricto. Despite comprehensive microscopic examination, the majority of the recognised species are left without stable diagnostic character combinations that would enable species identification based solely on morphology and ecology.
