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... small number of LDCs with an increasing share of manufacturing value added and the decline of manufacturing in many other is bad news for the LDC group. This was due in part to premature trade liberalization ( figure 2) and the appreciation of the real effective exchange rate (REER), and in part to limited capital accumulation and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in sectors that in the past were often characterized by microeconomic inefficiency and inadequate infrastructure. This was however less the case for the Asian LDCs with closer links to the Chinese economy. ...
Context 2
... many LDC they contributed to reprimarization, deindustrialization, informal tertiarization and overall informalization of the economy, as well as to a rise in income inequality. As shown in figure 2, a fall in tariffs has gone hand in hand with a shrinkage of manufacturing. As argued in section 5.5 the trade and exchange rate policy must thus be reconsidered so as to avoid a further collapse of the import-competing manufacturing sector, promote new industries, actively seek to diversify exports, and rebalance trade asymmetries with China and other emerging economies (Ocampo 2012). ...
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We examine the record of crosscountry growth over the past 50 years and ask if developing countries have made progress on closing income gap between their per capita incomes and those in the advanced economies. We conclude that, as a group, they have not and then survey the literature on absolute convergence with particular emphasis on that from th...
Citations
... Son olarak üçüncüsü ise daha yüksek üretkenlik kapasitelerine sahip ülkelerin üretkenlik modellerinin öğrenilmesi gerekliliğidir. Cornia ve Scognamillo (2016), 1993-2013 yıl aralığında 48 az gelişmiş ülkenin üretkenlik kapasitesi, kişi başı gayri safi yurt içi hasıla (KBGSYİH) boyutunun, insani değer ve ekonomik hassaslık boyutları üzerindeki etkisini panel veri analizi ile incelemişlerdir. Araştırmada, üretkenlik kapasitesinin söz konusu boyutlar üzerinde anlamlı etkilerinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. ...
Especially countries with large economies can increase their contribution to the global economy by improving their productive capacities. For this, it is of great importance to measure the productive capacity performance of the countries in order to raise awareness about the productive capacity performances of the countries and to create strategies according to the current productive capacity. In this context, the aim of the research is to evaluate the productive capacity performances of 19 countries in the G20 group, which has the world's largest economies, over the values of the United Nationals Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Productive Capacities Index – PCI components between the years 2000-2018, which is the most recent and current, using the ENTROPI-based TOPSIS method. to measure with. According to the findings, it has been determined that the most important productive capacity component within the scope of the ENTROPY method in terms of countries is "transportation". Afterwards, it was observed that the top three countries with the highest productive capacity performances according to the ENTROPY-based TOPSIS method were Germany, the USA and South Korea. In addition, by calculating the average productive performance value of the countries, it was concluded that the countries with a lower value than the said value should increase their productive capacity performance in order to contribute more to the global economy. Apart from these, the productive capacity performance values of the countries within the scope of the method were measured with some ENTROPI-based Multi-Criteria Decision Making methods (ÇKKV: ARAS, COPRAS, EDAS, WASPAS, ROV, Gray Relational Analysis) and the relations between these values were measured with the Pearson correlation coefficient. According to this measurement, it has been evaluated that PCI can be explained by other ENTROPI-based MCDM methods, especially the ENTROPY-based TOPSIS method.
This paper examines the impact of productive capacities on the standard of living in Balkan Countries. Using macroeconomic data from UNCTAD, we can answer some research questions related to this issue for the selected area. To determine the impact of productive capacities on the GDP per capita in Balkan Countries, different statistical methods are applied to the empirical research such as Descriptive statistical methods, Correlation analysis, and log-log Linear regression. This study finds strong support for the research question presented: the higher the level of productive capacities, the higher the level per capita of real GDP. The empirical results of our analysis are in line with similar studies focused on this area.
This paper assesses how correct is the view that a rise in income inequality is unavoidable in a globalizing economy characterized by rapid skill-biased technical change. To do so, it reviews the inequality trends recorded in the main developed and developing region during the last three decades. The data show that inequality rose in almost 70% of the countries with data during the years 1980–2000. These years were characterized by rapid internal and external liberalization and privatization. Yet, this trend was reversed during the subsequent decade, when Latin America and parts of sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia recorded a decline in inequality. The evidence also suggests that while globalization and technical change may indeed increase inequality, domestic factors and policies were often behind the inequality increases of the last three decades.
The paper examines whether the planned eradication of poverty to the year 2030 part of the Sustainable Development Goals strategy is compatible with the trends expected over the next 15 years in key economic variables such as GDP growth, population growth, income inequality and food prices. To do so, the paper develops a comparative-static, poverty-accounting model that allows to simulate to 2030 the impact on SDG1 (poverty eradication) of favorable future improvements equal to best results recorded for such variables during the last 30 years. Numerous model simulations show that – even under the most favorable assumptions – between 14 and 16 countries (mainly from Africa) out of the 78 analyzed will not reach the SDG1 target. Policy suggestions on how to improve on such results are presented at the end of the paper.
La plupart des travaux qui se sont penchés sur les effets macroéconomiques des chocs extérieurs supposent qu’ils sont médiatisés par un seul prix relatif intra-temporel tel que les termes de l’échange et éventuellement un prix inter-temporel tel que le taux d’intérêt étranger ou mondial. Notre article présente un cadre empirique dans lequel les prix multiples des produits de base tels que le bois, le cacao, le café ou le pétrole, et le taux d’intérêt français transmettent les perturbations extérieures. Les estimations de base, à partir des données camerounaises sur la période 1960-2015, indiquent que les chocs mondiaux expliquent diversement les fluctuations agrégées des principaux indicateurs : 3,3 % de la variance de la production, 4,9 % de la variance de consommation, 13,45 % de la variance de l’investissement et 47,15 % de la variance du ratio de la balance courante. Ces chiffres ne s’améliorent pas avec la prise en compte de deux indicateurs économiques (production et taux d’intérêt) de la France, principal partenaire commercial du Cameroun. Ce résultat est principalement attribuable à la relative diversification de l’économie camerounaise.
