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Average prevalence in propagative stages of parasites in dog's excrements from urban and rural ecosystems
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The objective of this study was to determine the possibility of soil contamination with propagative stages of intestinal endoparasites at different public places (public parks, playgrounds, sandpits, sidewalks, road sides). In a one-year-study, totally 578 dog's faecal samples from 8 towns (Koice, Trebiov, VeA3/4k, Kapuany, Preov, Snina, Levoa, Zvo...
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The increasing number of dogs in towns worldwide may be increasing the risk of environmental contamination by parasites whose growth forms are present in dogs’ feces. Canine, soil-transmitted helminths (cSTHs), most of which have a proven zoonotic potential, are particularly dangerous. In this study, we investigated the presence of c...
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... Toxocara canis was found in 11.5% of the examined samples, with the highest prevalence in the population of hunting dogs (17.01%) and in dogs younger than one year (27.27%). The obtained results are consistent with findings from Europe, where T. canis prevalence ranged from 17.72% in Spain [64] to 11.9% to 16.5% in Slovakia [13,65], 12.8% in Greece [23], 5.1% to 11.28% in Portugal [27,28], 8% in Albania [62] and 6.4% in Bulgaria [56]. Comparing this with previous research conducted in Serbia, a higher prevalence of toxocarosis in pet dogs was observed at 16.6% [2], while in owned dogs that visit public parks it ranged from 36.6% to 38% [4], and in dogs from shelters it was 33.5% [3]. ...
Dogs are the most popular pets worldwide. Close contact between dogs and people increases the risk of transmission of various zoonotic parasitic infections. Given the importance of veterinary medicine in preserving the One Health concept, the aim of this research was to identify intestinal parasites that may have zoonotic potential and to evaluate risk factors (individual and environmental). The research was conducted in Serbia in 2022 and 2023 on 382 owned dogs, using qualitative methods of coprological examination with a concentration on parasitic elements. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 62.6%, with the following detected: protozoa: Cystoisospora spp. (9.2%), Sarcocystis spp. (4.5%), Neospora caninum/Hammondia spp. (3.7%), Giardia intestinalis (11.8%); nematoda: Toxocara canis (11.5%), Toxascaris leonina (4.2%), family Ancylostomatidae (38.0%), Trichuris vulpis (21.5%), Capillaria spp. (10.5%); trematoda: Alaria alata (1.6%) and cestodes from the Taeniidae family (1.3%). Factors like age, size and coat length, as well as the way of living, attitude and diet were linked to a significantly higher (p < 0.05) prevalence of intestinal parasites. Based on the results of coprological diagnostics, this research indicates the importance of educating dog owners, conducting routine parasitological tests on their pets and regular deworming strategies.
... The World Health Organization has reported that hookworm and other soil helminths can tolerate a pH range of 4.6 to 9.4 and would still be able to hatch and grow to stages infectious [21,22]. A. duodenale and S. stercoralis larvae showed a significant negative correlation with observed soil temperature range. ...
Intestinal helminthiasis a major public health problem that affects the health of primary school children in low-and middle-income countries where living, water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions are precarious. Infections caused by parasitics helminths affect more than a billion people worldwide, causing anemia and with significant social and economic impact. To alleviate this burden, affected population resorts to a massive administration of antiparasitics without worrying about improvements in the factors that aid in spreading helminthiasis in the community. This is a cross-sectional study among the inhabitants of the city of Kolwezi on the transmission of parasitic diseases. In this study we are proposing as objectives, that of going in search of the we used questionnaires, oral interviews and direct observations to determine risk factors and treatment options for the disease in two communities of Kolwezi in Democratic Republic of Congo.by on the one hand a household questionnaire and observation of the investigator and others by a census of antihelminths in the pharmacies of the city of Kolwezi. We received 7,014 responses from households and 283 from pharmacies. It was observed from our analysis that most of the plots were clean and dry although sometimes covered with trees and with grass. On average, four households, six children over the age of fifteen and four children under the age of five, and two toilets were observed per plot. The quality of toilets, the source of water supply, the misuse of toilet pots for children under five years old as well as variations in 23 weather conditions were the major risk factors for parasitosis in Kolwezi Occasional stool examination revealed mainly dominated by the feeling of vomiting, fatigue, and a nocturnal cough. a small portion of the population had access to laboratory tests which, moreover, were able to observe more Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. The population resorts to self-medication with Mebendazole® and sometimes herbal teas and palm kernel oils. while on medical prescriptions and on the shelves of pharmacies, Albemedazoles was more present. The elements of transmission having been well identified, the start of an education of the population is a necessity and constitutes the next step. The study also suggests that it is important to educate the population to modify habits that could be considered risk factors, while improving adequate environmental sanitation, emphasizing socio-cultural and educational aspects, as well as hygienic practices.
... The World Health Organization has reported that hookworm and other soil helminths can tolerate a pH range of 4.6 to 9.4 and would still be able to hatch and grow to stages infectious [19,20] . A. duodenale and S. stercoralis larvae showed a significant negative correlation with observed soil temperature range. ...
Infections caused by parasitics helminths affect more than a billion people worldwide, causing anemia and with significant social and economic impact. To alleviate this burden, affected population resorts to a massive administration of antiparasitics without worrying about improvements in the factors that aid in spreading helminthosis in the community.
In this study we are proposing as objectives, that of going in search of the we used questionnaires, oral interviews and direct observations to determine risk factors and treatment options for the disease in two communities of Kolwezi in Democratic Republic of Congo.by on the one hand a household questionnaire and observation of the investigator and others by a census of antihelminths in the pharmacies of the city of Kolwezi.
We received 7,014 responses from households and 283 from pharmacies. It was observed from our analysis that most of the plots were clean and dry although sometimes covered with trees and with grass. On average, four households, six children over the age of fifteen and four children under the age of five, and two toilets were observed per plot. The quality of toilets, the source of water supply, the misuse of toilet pots for children under five years old as well as variations in weather conditions were the major risk factors for parasitosis in Kolwezi Occasional stool examination revealed mainly dominated by the feeling of vomiting, fatigue and a nocturnal cough. a small portion of the population had access to laboratory tests which, moreover, were able to observe more Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. The population resorts to self-medication with Mebendazole® and sometimes herbal teas and palm kernel oils. while on medical prescriptions and on the shelves of pharmacies, Albemedazoles was more present.
The elements of transmission having been well identified, the start of an education of the population is a necessity and constitutes the next step.
... For this reason, many dog feces are present in various public places, which are of public health importance, and are of medical and veterinary concern. Papajová et al. (2014) stated that up to 70 % of dog feces in the Slovakian territory are found on lawns with dwelling houses nearby. A similar situation is also in other countries (Mizgajska, 2001;Rinaldi et al., 2006;Dubná et al., 2007;Cinquepalmi et al., 2013;Neves et al., 2014;Ramos et al., 2022). ...
... et al., 2021). In western Slovakia, a similar study that monitored the occurrence of parasitosis in dogs from cities was conducted by Ondriska et al. (2013), where the G. duodenalis (17.8 %) and T. canis (16.5 %) were most frequently detected in dogs. Szabová et al. 2007 found the G. duodenalis oocysts only in the dog excrements from shelters in the cities of Trebišov, Košice and Zvolen. ...
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of endoparasites in dog feces from public places, investigate the occurrence of endoparasites in soil, and identify potential risk factors associated with the dog endoparasites infection spread in East Slovak Lowland - the region near the EU border with Ukraine. In a one-year study, a total of 803 dog fecal samples and 148 soil samples from public places were examined for the presence of endoparasite developmental stages. In general, 43.59 % of dog excrements were positive. Six different species of intestinal parasites were detected: Toxocara canis (22.65 %), Trichuris vulpis (14.07 %), family Ancylostomatidae (10.09 %), Capillaria aerophilla (5.60 %), Ascaris spp. (1.49 %). Altogether, 52.03 % of soil samples were positive for at least one endoparasites species. The occurrence of parasitic eggs in the soil was as follows: Ascaris spp. (37.16 %), Toxocara spp. (29.05 %), Trichuris spp. (29.05 %) %), family Ancylostomatidae (2.03 %) and Toxascaris leonina (2.03 %). The occurrence of endoparasites between the towns and villages varied significantly. The distribution of endoparasites in dogs and soil was affected by the population density, the minority people living in the studied territory, the number of people living in poor hygienic conditions with limited access to drinking water and the usage of sewerage. Persisting endoparasitic contamination of the environment in East Slovak Lowland forms a reservoir with zoonotic potential representing public and environmental health problems.
... Besides characteristics of the breed, it is known that environmental factors can have both direct and indirect effect on the health of dogs. For instance, rates of intestinal parasitism have been shown to differ in dogs located in rural and urban environments 45 and living in areas with extreme heat can result in heat-related illnesses in dogs 46 . ...
In this paper we propose a machine learning-based approach to predict a multitude of insurance claim categories related to canine diseases. We introduce several machine learning approaches that are evaluated on a pet insurance dataset consisting of 785,565 dogs from the US and Canada whose insurance claims have been recorded over 17 years. 270,203 dogs with a long insurance tenure were used to train a model while the inference is applicable to all dogs in the dataset. Through this analysis we demonstrate that with this richness of data, supported by the right feature engineering, and machine learning approaches, 45 disease categories can be predicted with high accuracy.
... The reason for this unexpected finding may be because dogs and cats tend to roam freely in the study area, and therefore environmental contamination with Toxocara eggs may be widespread. Freeroaming dogs and cats that do not receive veterinary care, including routine screening for gastrointestinal parasites and anthelmintics, are likely significant contributors to environmental contamination by Toxocara eggs in playgrounds, parks, backyards, sandpits, and other public areas (Lescano et al. 1998;Papajová et al. 2014). In some locations, up to 40% of urban playgrounds have been reported to be contaminated with Toxocara eggs, and infants/children who play in open spaces that are not kept free of animal feces are more likely to become seropositive for Toxocara (Deutz et al. 2005;Cong et al. 2014;Michelutti et al. 2021). ...
Human toxocariasis is a highly prevalent zoonosis worldwide but is underreported in most countries. This study was conducted to evaluate Toxocara canis seropositivity in different exposure sub-groups located in the Mardan, Swabi, and Nowshera districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Northwest Pakistan. A total of 400 blood samples were collected from males 15 years of age and older with no animals, with livestock, with dogs and/or cats living in the house, and from butchers and veterinarians or para-veterinarians. Serum was tested using a commercial ELISA kit for detection of IgG antibodies against T. canis. Proportion seropositive was presented for each group and differences between groups were evaluated using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Possible risk factors obtained through administration of a questionnaire were also evaluated for each sub-population. Overall T. canis seroprevalence was 14.2%, with a significant difference found between the seroprevalence of individuals with no animals (5.0%; 5/100), individuals with dogs and/or cats living in the household (8.0%; 8/100), individuals with livestock (18.0%; 18/100), veterinarians or para-veterinarians (24.0%; 12/50), and butchers (28.0%; 14/50) (p < 0.001). Significant differences in seropositivity by income bracket, education level, and working in the fields were found for some sub-groups. Study findings demonstrate that certain sub-populations, in Northwest Pakistan, may be at greater risk of T. canis infection. Development and implementation of targeted preventive strategies may, therefore, be needed.
... Adult nematodes are parasites most often in the digestive tracts of vertebrates. The endoparasites mainly found in excrement are Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis, Ancylostomatidae, Taenia spp., Toxascaris leonina, Capillaria spp., Dioyidium caninum and Coccidia (Papajová et al., 2014). Many cases of toxocarosis in humans are caused by ingesting infected eggs from the soil or infected larvae from uncooked meat (Strube et al., 2013). ...
... The survey showed that most dogs were infected in the autumn. Papajová et al. (2014) analysed 587 samples of dog excrement from eight cities and three villages in Slovakia. Overall, 29.9% of the samples were positive, which is a higher number than in the centre of Prague, but lower than the values from dog excrement obtained in Central Bohemia. ...
One 25-kg dog produces about 500 g of excrement per day. Excrement is a potentially hazardous material, as it may contain pathogenic microorganisms. Our samples were tested for the presence of thermotolerant coliform bacteria, Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., which are indicators of faecal contamination, as well as for the presence of helminths and their eggs. During the experiment, it was observed whether these microorganisms could be eliminated by vermicomposting. There were two variants of vermicomposting piles: one test pile (with continuous feeding) and one control pile (with a single feeding). The vermicomposting process was run in outdoor conditions in park for 51 weeks using Eisenia andrei earthworms. The vermicomposting of dog excrement with waste from park maintenance (1:2) can produce a good quality fertiliser. During the process of vermicomposting, there was a gradual decrease in the content of pathogenic bacteria. At the end of the vermicomposting process, there were no eggs or adult helminths. The vermicompost was very rich in microorganisms and enzymatic activity. The pH value was slightly alkaline, and the C:N ratio corresponded to value of mature vermicompost.
... and Echinococcus spp.). The current study revealed a higher prevalence of taeniids than most other studies (Dubná et al., 2007;Soriano et al., 2010;Schurer et al., 2013;Papajová et al., 2014). In some areas, the high prevalence of Taeniidae may result from coastal effect, which provides more opportunities to prey on raw fish that are host for example of D. latus. ...
... Czech Republic (Dubná et al., 2007) Portugal (Cardoso et al., 2014) Slovak Republic (Papajová et al., 2014) Hungary (Fok et al., 2001) Spain (Regidor-Cerrillo et al., 2020) Estonia (Tull et al., 2020;urban) (Antolová et al., 2004;Reperant et al., 2009). Another problem highlighted by the current study is that dogs in rural areas may still have access to raw meat and offal of domestic and wild animals. ...
Regardless of the highly efficient anthelmintics available and the control measures taken by dog owners and veterinarians, gastrointestinal parasites, especially zoonotic helminths, are still abundant in dogs and pose a health risk to humans. Free-ranging dogs in rural areas can be an important source of helminth infection. The aims of the present work were to collect scats of rural dogs, determine the environmental contamination caused by helminth infections among rural dogs of Western Estonia, analyse how diet affects helminth infection rate and compare the findings to a previous study focusing on dog helminths in urban areas of Estonia. To differentiate the scats of dogs from other sympatric canids, a genetic method was applied. Of 328 samples, genetic analysis identified 84 scats belonging to dogs, of which 87.0% were infected with helminths. A high proportion of rural dog scats harboured eggs of Taeniidae (65.5%), followed by Trichuris spp./ Eucoleus spp. (15.5%), Uncinaria stenocephala (14.7%) and Toxocara canis (4.3%). Coinfections occurred in 34.5% of the samples, being the most common between Taeniidae and U. stenocephala (41.4%). The intensity model indicated higher helminth infection rate in rural dogs preying on rodents and game. In comparison to urban dogs, rural dogs were nine times more likely to be infected with intestinal parasites. These results emphasize the need to implement measures to reduce helminth infections in dogs living in rural areas of Western Estonia. Among a complex of measures to be taken, we suggest that it is also important to diagnose which gastrointestinal parasite species infect dogs to determine specific anthelmintic treatment against these parasites.
... Almost 30.7% of dogs and 36% of cats were feces positive of G. duodenalis cysts and eggs of nematode endoparasites. So far, the known occurrence of endoparasites in Slovakia is acquired from coproscopic examinations of feces from parks and playgrounds in urban settlements (Antolová et al. 2004;Ondriska et al. 2013;Papajová et al. 2014;Bystrianska et al. 2019) where pooled samples from household, stray and wild animals were colleceted. ...
Pets play a pivotal role as definitive or reservoir hosts for many zoonotic parasites. Dogs and cats without any clinical signs may be a carrier for the infection. In a one-year study, collected fecal samples of 257 dogs and 50 cats were examined coproscopically for endoparasite infections. Out of 307 investigated fecal samples, 107 (34.9%) were positive for the presence of the propagative stages of endoparasites In 257 dogs fecal samples, following 12 different species of endoparasites were detected: Giardia duodenalis, Cystoisospora spp., Sarcocystis spp., Hammondia/Neospora-like eggs, Angiostrongylus vasorum larvae, Capillaria aerophila, Crenosoma vulpis, Toxocara spp., Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis, Strongyloides stercoralis, and eggs from the family Ancylostomatidae. Only 4 different parasitic species were found in 50 domestic cat fecal samples – G. duodenalis cysts Cystoisospora spp., T. cati, and larvae of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. It was confirmed that significant differences were found concerning age for G. duodenalis, T. canis, S. stercoralis, and family Ancylostomatidae. Close and frequent contact between pets and people increases the risks for the transmission of zoonotic diseases.
... In urban areas, environmental contamination by helminth eggs is a major source of infection. High levels of fecal contamination of local areas (in paddocks and parks) have also been correlated with higher infection rates [16]. ...
Background and aim:
Uncinaria infection often appears in domestic dogs. In the present study, parasitological examination of fecal samples from 782 dogs were analyzed for the presence of Uncinaria stenocephala.
Materials and methods:
Fecal samples were analyzed by means of a standardized flotation method using a saturated salt solution containing NaNO3 (specific gravity 1.38), with a centrifugation step.
Results:
The highest prevalence rates were found among young adult dogs (8.3%), followed by puppies (5.4%); the lowest prevalence rates were found in dogs older than 3 years (4.3%). The prevalence was 5.8% among female dogs and 7.2% in male dogs. Coinfections with roundworms and protozoan parasites were frequently observed in U. stenocephala-positive dogs (15%). In total, three types of coinfections were registered. Coinfection of U. stenocephala + Sarcocystids oocysts was recorded in 19.1% of the dogs (n=10). This may relate to higher prevalence of S. oocysts in dogs (n=153; 19.5%). There were two cases of coinfection of U. stenocephala + Toxocara canis (3.9%), which may relate to low prevalence of T. canis (3.9 %). One case of coinfection of Dipylidium caninum+U. stenocephala (0.1%) also appeared.
Conclusion:
The present study showed that male dogs and young dogs were most susceptible to U. stenocephala infection.
