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Given the increasing trend of using wind energy in cities, the utilization of distributed wind energy in cities has been widely concerned by researchers. The related research on the micro-site selection of wind turbines, a sub-project of the Task27 project of the International energy agency, was continued in this paper. The wind speed data of an ob...
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Suburbs have the potential for future wind energy development because of their open terrain, good wind conditions, closeness to the city, wind power that can be absorbed in place, and other advantages. Therefore, accurately evaluating the wind energy resources in the suburbs is particularly important. The three-parameter Weibull distribution can ac...
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... This has led to widespread recognition around the world of the need to reduce fossil fuel consumption and promote the development and use of renewable energy 1 . In this context, wind power, as a mature and environmentally friendly renewable energy, recently has been widely developed and applied in the world 2 , and has achieved remarkable results [3][4][5] . However, wind power is greatly affected by the resource environment, and there are problems such as unstable output 6 and strong fluctuations 7 , which lead to wind power system overcapacity 8 , insufficient energy 9 and poor power quality 10 and other issues. ...
... The factor C (energy storage form) is explained as follows: the interval [1] is the battery energy storage system, the interval [2] is the heat storage system, and the interval [3] is the thermal-electric hybrid energy storage system. ...
The hybrid energy storage system of wind power involves the deep coupling of heterogeneous energy such as electricity and heat. Exergy as a dual physical quantity that takes into account both 'quantity' and 'quality, plays an important guiding role in the unification of heterogeneous energy. In this paper, the operation characteristics of the system are related to the energy quality, and the operation strategy of the wind power hybrid energy storage system is proposed based on the exergoeconomics. First, the mathematical model of wind power hybrid energy storage system is established based on exergoeconomics. Then, wind power experiments of three forms of thermal-electric hybrid energy storage are carried out, and RSM is used to analyze the power quality and exergoeconomic characteristics of the system, and the optimal working conditions of the experiment are obtained. Finally, an optimization strategy is proposed by combining experiment and simulation. The system efficiency, unit exergy cost and current harmonic distortion rate are multi-objective optimization functions. The three algorithms evaluate the optimal solution based on standard deviation. The results show that the exergoeconomics can effectively judge the production-storage-use characteristics of the new system of ' wind power + energy storage'. The thermal-electric hybrid energy storage system can absorb the internal exergy loss of the battery, increase the exergy efficiency by 10%, reduce the unit exergy cost by 0.03 yuan/KJ, and reduce the current harmonic distortion rate by 8%. It provides guidance for improving the power quality of wind power system, improving the exergy efficiency of thermal-electric hybrid energy storage wind power system and reducing the unit cost.
... Only a few studies (e.g., Refs. [23,27]) used remote sensing instruments to directly detect wind speeds and resources at greater heights (up to 100 m) in the urban boundary layer. However, they did not explore the wind resources at heights over 100 m, which are relevant to tall buildings. ...
... urban wind resource assessment in Dublin, Ireland based on anemometer measurements, and estimated that the mean wind speeds are 2.03 and 4.60 m/s at heights of 8 and 17 m, respectively. Wenxin et al.[27] used lidar data at heights of 10-19 m to analyze the statistical distribution of wind speed at an urban site of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, and found wind power densities of 15-35 W/m 2 . ...
Urban wind power is an appealing alternative for electricity supply. Comprehensive urban wind resource assessment is a prerequisite for cost-efficient deployment of wind turbines. Based on observations from multiple instruments, including a Doppler lidar (light detection and ranging) system, a microwave radiometer, and a cup anemometer/wind vane set, this study investigates the temporal (interannual, seasonal, and diurnal) variations of wind resources at various heights in a metropolitan city, Hong Kong. The long-term statistical distributions of wind speed, wind shear coefficient, and air density are analyzed, and their variations with height, wind direction, season, and time of day are thoroughly examined. Moreover, the wind power density and capacity factor of prototype wind turbines are estimated. It is observed that the statistical distributions of wind speed and air density are best represented by the Kappa and Normal-Weibull mixture distributions, respectively. There is a significant diurnal variation of wind shear coefficient, from 0.1 in the daytime to 0.4 at night. Moreover, a moderate potential for wind energy harvesting with wind power density of 110 W/m2 is found at the height of 120 m. This is the first known study that jointly uses lidar, microwave radiometer, and anemometer/wind vane for urban wind resource assessment. These instruments enable the investigation of the temporal variations of wind shear coefficient, air density, and wind power density at multiple heights, which were rarely examined in urban wind energy studies before.
... Using EML, the shape parameter (k) and scale parameters (c) can be computed as given in Eqs. (13) and (14), respec-tively (Michael et al., 2021;Kumar and Kumar, 2021;Wenxin et al., 2021). ...
The rollout of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has benefited Pakistan in getting a faster pace in terms of economic and financial stability. Pakistan has a significant geographical location in the Asian continent. It possesses an enormous renewable energy sources (RES) potential, primarily wind, in its Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtun-Khuwa (KPK) provinces. This study concentrates on the availability of wind power potential at the selected twelve sites located in three different provinces of the country, using the Weibull probability distribution (WPD) technique. Five parametric estimation techniques were simulated on the data sets of the selected wind sites to find the optimal results. The obtained results showed that the annual wind energy density was found to be 3668.28 kWh/m² at Lucky Energy, 3297.21 kWh/m² at Sujawal, 3180.03 kWh/m² at Tando Ghulam Ali, 2836.76 kWh/m² at Sanghar, 2821.09 kWh/m² at Baburband, 2684.32 kWh/m² at Ketibandar, 2618.78 kWh/m² at Umerkot, 1759.2 kWh/m² Hawksby, 1253.76 kWh/m² at Gwadar, 896.41 kWh/m² at Quetta, 558.59 kWh/m² at Haripur and 376.07 kWh/m² at Peshawar respectively. From the results, it is found that sites present in Sindh province are suitable for commercial-scale wind farm development and the selected wind sites of Balochistan are appropriate for utility-scale wind power development. In contrast, the selected wind sites of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province are unsuitable for commercial scale due to low wind speeds around the year.
... The main of statistical analysis or modeling is to predict/forecast the wind speed and energy produced by wind. Many researchers worked in the energy area to solve various issues, see for example, Brano et al. [6], Lü et al. [7], Masseran [8], Ren et al. [9], Arias-Rosales and Osorio-Gómez [10], Vogt et al. [11], Katinas et al. [12], Qing [13], Mohammed et al. [14], Min et al. [15], Akgül and Şenoğlu [16], Mahmood et al. [17], Alrashidi et al. [18], Campisi-Pinto et al. [19], Deep et al. [20], Jang et al. [21], Kapen et al. [22], ul Haq et al. [23] and Wenxin et al. [24] applied various statistical methods in the fields of energy and renewable energy. Liu et al. [25] studied the effect of the subsidy on wind power and photovoltaic power. ...
The run test, which examines whether two samples selected from the same population are random, has been employed. However, the current run test for two samples is based on the assumption of certainty, which is not always valid in practical scenarios. This paper aims to introduce a modified version of the run test for two samples that account for uncertainty. We will develop a statistical approach for the run test that considers uncertain factors such as sample size, level of significance, and observations. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed test, we analyze wind power and photovoltaic power data. The analysis of these variables demonstrates that they are randomly selected from the population. The results indicate that the proposed run test is well-suited for addressing uncertainty in renewable energy. By employing this modified test, we can effectively assess the randomness of samples and make reliable conclusions in uncertain conditions.
... UWE refers to the comprehensive phenomenon of wind distribution in time and space within a city and its interaction with the urban environment and is an integral part of the urban climate. The UWE differs significantly from the wind environment in urban suburbs, where the absence of buildings and other factors lead to higher wind speeds than in urban areas [6]. This review primarily investigates the impact of UWE on building usage. ...
In the context of global warming, improving energy-use efficiency is an important research topic in the fields of green buildings and eco-cities. There is an indivisible coupling relationship between the urban climate and urban building energy (UBE). Urban wind environments (UWE), including urban thermal and humid environment, is widely believed to have a significant impact on building energy consumption as a key microclimate element.
However, despite decades of development of the UWE calculation module in numerical simulation tools, there is still a lack of reviews on the UWE impact mechanism on UBE. In this paper, the mechanisms of UWE influence on building energy consumption, building-scale simulation tools, and city-scale simulation tools, as well as the coupling and validation methods of these tools in the past decades are reviewed. Therefore, this study can provide the necessary foundation and general workflow for building physicists and urban climatologists to simulate and analyze the impact of UWE on UBE. The problem with the current building energy model and urban building energy modelling is that the UWE is not considered comprehensively, and CFD and other methods are
used to obtain accurate results. The future challenge is to improve the accuracy of the energy consumption calculation from the perspective of UWE impact, optimize the calculation module, obtain a balance between calculation speed and accuracy, and propose validation and calibration guidelines focused on UWE impact on UBE.
This study mainly focused on wind turbine (WT) design in urban environments because the negative torque generated by the returning wind blade profile was the primary cause of its low power efficiency. The turbine chosen in this study was a vertical-axis wind turbine (H-VAWT). However, the physics-informed optimization of the robust control system (RCS) design of the WT was challenging because the rotor blades (NACA 0012 airfoil) had nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics. Furthermore, the proposed controller was used in this study because of its ability to suppress disturbances and ensure stability against various uncertainties. The electrical block setup used an H-type VAWT based on advanced direct vector control generators. This indicated that a low-inertia turbine was more acceptable than a high-inertia turbine because of its suitability for maximum power conversion. Overall, there was a substantial active power gain of approximately 25% greater than conventional control systems.
