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Average BER of BPSK and DPSK with SSC/SEC versus average SNR per bit per branch for various values of the diversity order (L = 2, 4, and 8) over cascaded Rayleigh fading channel.
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Following a unified analytical framework, the bit error rate (BER) of several coherent and non-coherent binary modulation schemes is derived for a switched diversity system. The two variants of switched combining that have been investigated are switch and stay combining and switch and examine combining. For channel modelling, at first a simple slow...
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Context 1
... BPSK for the no diversity case (L = 1), with dual diversity SC, and with SSC (or SEC with L = 2) when the threshold value is fixed ( T γ = 3dB) have also been shown. It is easily recognized that for SSC/SEC, systems with optimum threshold outperform those with fixed threshold. However, SC error rates are still well below any kind of SWC. Next, in Fig. 4, we present the average BER of SSC and SEC diversity receivers operating over a cascaded Rayleigh fading channel. Error rate curves for different diversity orders (L = 2, 4, and 8) are shown. For calculating BER at each SNR point ( γ ), optimal threshold values given in Table 2 are ...
Citations
... Networks operate at bit rates of the order of 100 Mb/s, due to optical media. Network standards with still higher bit rates (of the order of Gb/s) have been developed, e.g., fiber channel standard (FCS) and highperformance parallel interface (HIPPI) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. HIPPI uses multiple parallel links, each of which operates at bit rates of the order of 100 Mb/s [9][10][11][12][13]. ...
p>The objective of this work is to simulate a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) scheme based on in-line semiconductor optical amplifiers for optical soliton systems. The max. power for soliton systems, based on various bits/symbol PAM modulation schemes after a fiber length of 100 km, is simulated and clarified. In addition to the max. Q factor for soliton systems, PAM modulation schemes with various in-line SOA injection currents and a fiber length of 100 km are also simulated and demonstrated in the results. The total electrical power after photo-detectors for soliton systems, based on PAM modulation schemes with various in-line SOA injection currents and a fiber length of 100 km, is also simulated and clarified in the results. The study emphasizes that the higher the SOA injection current, the higher the electrical power and the lower the Q factor that can be achieved in the soliton system.</p
... Much of the previously published researches have been devoted to study the statistical analysis of cascaded fading channels when the sub-channels (or clusters of scatterers) are assumed to be statistically independent [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In this context, the channel measurements in [9] show that the received signal envelope in urban micro-cells environment follows a double Rayleigh distribution, while the probability of error for binary modulation schemes with switched combining operating over cascaded (double) Rayleigh channel is studied in [10]. ...
... Much of the previously published researches have been devoted to study the statistical analysis of cascaded fading channels when the sub-channels (or clusters of scatterers) are assumed to be statistically independent [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In this context, the channel measurements in [9] show that the received signal envelope in urban micro-cells environment follows a double Rayleigh distribution, while the probability of error for binary modulation schemes with switched combining operating over cascaded (double) Rayleigh channel is studied in [10]. The statistics of a generalised cascaded Rayleigh fading model consisting of an arbitrary number of sub-channels is introduced in [11]. ...
Exact expressions for the probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of cascaded
Rayleigh fading channels with arbitrary correlation but not necessarily identically distributed are derived. Furthermore, the PDF
and CDF of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio are obtained. The cascaded channels are assumed to have slow frequency
non-selective arbitrarily correlated Rayleigh fading with arbitrarily values of fading parameters. Indeed, the expressions of the
outage probability and average normalised channel capacity for this channel model are derived. The average bit error
probability for coherently detected binary signals in additive white Gaussian noise channel as well as in arbitrarily correlated
cascaded Rayleigh fading channels is obtained. Numerical results are also provided and authenticated by Monte Carlo
simulation. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the derived expressions for this channel model are new and have not been
reported in the literature.
... A well established channel distribution that has been widely used to model non line-of-sight (NLoS) V2V channel conditions is the double-Rayleigh process, e.g., [3]- [5], which represents a special case of the multiple scattering radio channel. Based on the multiple scattering modeling, several studies have analyzed the performance of inter-vehicular communication systems that support diversity reception [6]- [8]. ...
... A large number of diffracted, reflected and scattered waves from buildings, trees and rough terrain are received by mobile antenna receivers. In such environment, the channel attenuation profile measured from different field measurement closely matches with the Rayleigh distribution[13]. In FSO link both the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) is fixed and there exist a line-of-sight (LoS). ...
Cloud-induced fading is occasional but one of the main impairments affecting free– space optics (FSO). In this paper, the bit error rate of intensity modulated FSO with direct detection (IM/DD) in single–input single–output (SISO) over Ray Leigh fading channels has been represented. It has been assumed that a single information-bearing signal is transmitted over fading channels. Only the effects of amplitude fluctuation have been considered. The expression for BER by finding the conditional probability of Bit Error has been expressed, for given amplitude fading and then averaging the conditional probability. The analytical derivations are built upon by considering that perfect inter symbol interference (ISI) due to broadening of the optical pulses arriving at the receiver. The performance of the FSO link by quantifying BER for different carrier wavelengths and for various transmission bit rate of the communication over cloud-induced fading channel has been investigated. Abstract-Cloud-induced fading is occasional but one of the main impairments affecting free–space optics (FSO). In this paper, the bit error rate of intensity modulated FSO with direct detection (IM/DD) in single–input single–output (SISO) over Ray Leigh fading channels has been represented. It has been assumed that a single information-bearing signal is transmitted over fading channels. Only the effects of amplitude fluctuation have been considered. The expression for BER by finding the conditional probability of Bit Error has been expressed, for given amplitude fading and then averaging the conditional probability. The analytical derivations are built upon by considering that perfect inter symbol interference (ISI) due to broadening of the optical pulses arriving at the receiver. The performance of the FSO link by quantifying BER for different carrier wavelengths and for various transmission bit rate of the communication over cloud-induced fading channel has been investigated.
... The advantages of MRC for MIMO communications were discussed by Zhang et al. [11]. Chandra et al. discussed the performance of binary modulation schemes in Rayleigh channels [12]. In this paper, we examine Fast Turbo codes in practical situations like fast and slow fading channels using binary phase shift keying modulation scheme. ...
SUMMARY In this paper, space-time block coding has been used in conjunction with Turbo codes to provide good diversity and coding gains. A new method of dividing turbo encoder and decoder into several parallel encoding and decoding blocks is considered. These blocks work simultaneously and yield a faster coding scheme in comparison to classical Turbo codes. The system concatenates fast Turbo coding as an outer code with Alamouti's G2 space-time block coding scheme as an inner code, achieving benefits associated with both techniques including acceptable diversity and coding gain as well as short coding delay. In this paper, fast fading Rayleigh and Rician channels are considered for discussion. For Rayleigh fading channels, a fixed frame size and channel memory length of 5000 and 10, respectively, the coding gain is 7.5 dB and bit error rate (BER) of 10−4 is achieved at 7 dB. For the same frame size and channel memory length, Rician fading channel yields the same BER at about 4.5 dB. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
... Bose is with Ansaldo STS, Newcastle, Australia (e-mail: mankubo@yahoo.com). frequency chain and over selection combining (SC) as it does not require continuous monitoring of all the diversity branches [1]- [2]. ...
... being the Marcum's Q function of first order, and C is an integration constant. Using (2), the corresponding CDF may be found by integrating the PDF given in (1) over γ as ...
Simple closed-form expressions of outage probability and moment generating function (MGF) are found for a switch and examine combiner (SEC) operating over independent and identically distributed (IID) Hoyt fading channel. Next, using the derived MGF, symbol error probability (SEP) of different M-ary modulation schemes are calculated. In addition, an analytic framework is presented for calculation of optimum switching threshold that ensures minimum outage probability or minimum SEP. The analysis is quite general in the sense that it covers switch and stay combiner (SSC) and Rayleigh fading as special cases.
This study has clarified the fixed scattering section length with variable scattering section dispersion based optical fibers for polarization mode dispersion penalties at high data rates. The max. signal power/min. noise power is simulated against time after fiber length of 500 km with various scattering section dispersion. The overall total light power is simulated after fiber length of 500 km with various scattering section dispersion. In addition to the overall total electrical power is clarified through APD receiver at fiber length of 500 km with various scattering section dispersion. Eye diagram analyzer for signal quality is also simulated through APD receiver at fiber length of 500 km with various scattering section dispersion. The max. Q Factor, electrical signal power after APD receiver variations against scattering section dispersion variations for various data rates.
SUMMARY Signal propagation through power-line networks has been studied by a number of researchers. Among a number of propagation models described in literature, deterministic models based on actual physical description of the network can be constructed as both very accurate and very efficient in computational terms. Yet they have an inherent drawback of being suitable for propagation analyses in static conditions and steady state only. Thus, our main research problem was how to extend a deterministic frequency-domain-based propagation model for a more practically useful modeling of channels of multi-port power-line communication networks. We have concentrated on a particular model that we presented in an earlier literature. Our main findings are as follows: Computationally efficient deterministic models can be utilized for stochastic simulations in multi-port power-line network environments by repeating the propagation simulation routine virtually as many times as needed, to model the network parameter variability by appropriate stochastic modeling of termination impedances connected to each of the multiple network ports. In this way, an extended set of physical properties of the channel can be simulated and statistically analyzed, such as the complex transfer function, impulse response, delay spread, and group delay. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the performance of communication system is critical in system design in mobile communication study. Numerous methodologies have been employed to facilitate the assessment, amongst which generation of multiple fading channels is widely used and thus of great interest to us. Specifically, multiple Rayleigh fading channels are extensively utilized in simulation of the following: MIMO channels, amplify-and-forward fading channels, frequency-selective channels, etc. The existing model to generate Rayleigh fading channels is the sum of sinusoids (SOS). However, the SOS model is flawed, as it sometimes generates impure correlated channels. That is, a small fraction of correlated channels are generated when we anticipate uncorrelated or vice versa. In this paper, on the basis of the concept of SOS, we introduce a new computational model to generate Rayleigh channels that completely match our anticipation—fully uncorrelated or fully correlated channels. Additionally, we also propose a design method to reduce the number of sinusoids, thus we achieve reduced computational cost of the system. Simulation results and comparison analysis indicate that, with reduced computational cost, our method is able to produce pure Rayleigh fading channels— 100% uncorrelated or the opposite.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
