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Background
Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) is an aggressive form of tooth decay in preschool children affecting quality of life and nutritional status. The purpose was to determine whether there is an association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and S-ECC. Methods
Children with S-ECC were recruited on the day of their slated dental surgery under...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... z-scores were found to be significantly associated with certain socioeconomic variables. As seen in Table 2, BMI z-scores and BMI percentiles were inversely associ- ated with both income and caregiver and parental edu- cation levels. Those children who came from low income households had higher BMI z-scores and BMI percentiles (both p < 0.001). ...
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Citations
... The link between ECC and future caries experiences in permanent dentition highlights its importance as a critical factor in long-term oral health (Jordan et al., 2016;Tsai et al., 2023). Furthermore, ECC can increase the risk of other dental diseases, malocclusion, negative oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL), and nutritional status (Davidson et al., 2016;Khan et al., 2023;J. Lee et al., 2022;Schroth et al., 2022). ...
Early childhood caries (ECC) is influenced by microbial and host factors, including social, behavioral, and oral health. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed interkingdom dynamics in the dental plaque microbiome and its association with host variables. The samples collected from the preschool children underwent 16S rRNA and ITS1 rRNA gene sequencing. The questionnaire data were analyzed for social determinants of oral health. The results indicated a significant enrichment of Streptococcus mutans and Candida dubliniensis in ECC samples, in contrast to Neisseria oralis in caries-free children. Our interkingdom correlation analysis revealed that Candida dubliniensis was strongly correlated with both Neisseria bacilliformis and Prevotella veroralis in ECC. Additionally, ECC showed significant associations with host variables, including oral health status, age, place of residence, and mode of childbirth. This study provides empirical evidence associating the oral microbiome with socioeconomic and behavioral factors in relation to ECC, offering insights for developing targeted prevention strategies.
HIGHLIGHTS
Characterized interkingdom association between cariogenic species of genus Neisseria and Candida
Both bacterial and fungal species are important for caries status prediction using artificial intelligence
Socioeconomic index is associated with caries status and caries-associated microbial markers
... Las macromoléculas salivales intervienen en la generación de la película salival, la unión y agregación bacteriana, así como en la formación de la placa bacteriana. También realizan el control de la microflora oral, lubricación e hidratación, mineralización y digestión, elementos protectores de los dientes(Silva, Ruiz, Cornejo & Llanas (2013).La saliva sostiene la integridad dentaria por limpieza mecánica, eliminación de carbohidratos, maduración poseruptiva del esmalte, regulación del medio iónico para suministrar capacidad de remineralización sin la aceleración espontánea de sus elementos y restricción de la difusión ácida(Sotero, 2017;Davidson, 2016).Las concentraciones de fluoruro en la saliva son muy bajas, pero juega un papel importante en la remineralización porque se combina con los cristales del esmalte dental para formar fluorapatita, que es más resistente a los ácidos. En los primeros minutos, el pH Estado nutricional y prevalencia de caries en escolares, centro de salud público, 2022 ...
Actualmente, existe una gran problemática, respecto a la valoración correcta, que se debe de da a los certificados médicos legales, en el Perú, por parte de los galenos, que se encuentran, adscritos al Ministerio Público de Medina Legal, lo cual genera, desprotección de los Derechos Fundamentales de los agraviados, que se encuentran, inmersos dentro de un Proceso Penal, buscando una correcta administración de justicia, justamente, por la no regulación objetiva, de una norma jurídica, que restrinjan, ni obliguen, a dichos profesionales, efectuar, las sumatorias de los certificados médicos legales, estando únicamente, sujetos, a sus criterios, esto es, de realizar, o no realizar dichas sumatorias. Se cumplió con explorar, todas las normas jurídicas, que pudieran existir, respecto a la restricción, de poder efectuar las sumatorias de los certificados médicos legales, no encontrando ninguna, sin embargo, se ha logrado hallar, una guía del médico legal, que constituye, una suerte de manual, respecto a sus actuaciones, para poder valorar, los daños corporales, que haya podido sufrir la víctima, pero, no regula en su contenido, algún tipo de sumatoria. Las normas jurídicas, por su naturaleza, son proyectadas, creadas, y publicadas, por parte de un poder, pero, que este actúe, bajo los parámetros de la legitimidad, para que,de esa forma, todos los sujetos de Derecho, en general las cumplan, logrando, la paz social en justicia. Se concluye, que, de no existir, una norma jurídica, que regule, la forma de actuación de los Médicos Legistas, enfocados, en realizar las sumatorias de los certificados médicos legales, siempre, y cuando provengan del Instituto de Medicina Legal, adscritos, al Ministerio Público, se lesionarán los Derechos de los agraviados, motivo suficiente, que dio origen, a que el autor, postule la teoría de la no prohibición en el rubro de la medicina legal, a partir del principio de legalidad.
Palabras clave: Certificado médico legal, Derechos Fundamentales, Médicos Legistas, norma jurídica, principio de legalidad, restrinjan.
... The prevalence of overweight was 27%. This result is higher than those reported by many studies in the sub-Saharan region that also used the 2007 WHO references: 12 [21]. Data from this survey, in accordance with WHO predictions, indicate a worsening in our environment and several hypotheses have been proposed in the related literature to explain this phenomenon, particularly the nutritional transition. ...
Background
Tooth decay and periodontal diseases are the main oral pathologies in the world. The prevalence of overweight in children has increased worldwide. Overweight children have alterations in the composition of saliva and excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids tend to slow the metabolism of carbohydrates in the oral cavity leading to tooth decay, periodontal disease and others oral disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between oral pathologies and overweight in pupils of primary schools of Cameroon.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out from June to August 2020 in four government primary schools selected through cluster sampling in Yaounde. 650 pupils aged between 6 and 11 years were enrolled. Data collected included anthropometric, oral pathologies, quality of oral hygiene and feeding habits. Data were analysed with the SPSS 26.0 statistical software and binary logistic regression was used to determine the risks of oral pathologies in overweight pupils. P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The prevalence of overweight was 27% (95% CI: 23.5—30.5). The main oral pathologies was tooth decay (60.3%). Binary logistic regression revealed that overweight pupils were significantly 1.5 times more likely to develop tooth decay than non-overweight pupils (95% CI: 1.1—2.4).
Conclusion
Overweight, tooth decay are prevalent among pupils. Overweight pupils have a higher risk of developing tooth decay compared to non-obese pupils. An integrated package of oral and nutritional health promotion activities is necessary in primary schools in Cameroon.
... Tooth decay was the most common oral pathology with a prevalence of 60.7%. Our result is higher than those found previously in West and Center Regions of Cameroon that reported 28.1% and 43% among pupils [4,24]. However, our result is close to the WHO which estimates that 45-55% of pupils are affected by tooth decay in Africa [2]. ...
Background
Tooth decay and periodontal diseases are the main oral pathologies in the world. In Cameroon, a prevalence of 43% and 75% for tooth decay and periodontal disease respectively was reported in 2015. Studies shown that the prevalence of overweight was between 12.5% and 18.8% among pupils in Cameroon. These diseases share common factors associated with their burden and the consequence is the resurgence of their complications. In Cameroon, primary school enrolment rate for children aged 6 to 11 years is 93.5% and the demographic burden of pupils represent an important target. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between oral pathologies and overweight in pupils of primary schools of Cameroon.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out from June to August 2020 in four government primary schools selected through cluster sampling in Yaounde, capital city of Cameroon. Up to 650 pupils aged between 6 and 11 years whose parents gave their approval were enrolled in this study. Data collected included anthropometric, oral pathologies, quality of oral hygiene and feeding habits. The anthropometric and socio-demographic data of their mothers was also collected. Data was analyzed with the SPSS 26.0 statistical software and binary logistic regression was used to determine the risks of oral pathologies in overweight pupils. P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Out of 650 pupils sampled, 352 were girls (54.2%) and 298 boys (45.8%). The prevalence of overweight was 27% (95% CI: 23.5–30.5). The main oral pathologies were tooth decay (60.3%), gingivitis (33.1%) and periodontitis (20.2%). Binary logistic regression revealed that overweight pupils were significantly 1.5 times more likely to develop tooth decay than non-overweight pupils (95% CI: 1.1–2.4).
Conclusion
Overweight, tooth decay, gingivitis and periodontitis are prevalent among pupils in Cameroon. Overweight pupils have a higher risk of developing tooth decay compared to non-obese pupils. An integrated package of oral and nutritional health promotion activities is needed in primary schools in Cameroon.
... Furthermore, it has negative nutritional consequences. The risk of iron deficiency anemia and the risk of ferritin, vitamin (especially vitamin D), and calcium deficiencies is elevated [7][8][9][10][11], and the height-weight status of affected children is also altered [12][13][14]. Feeding difficulties are often cited in quality of life studies conducted in this population [5,6,15]. More recently, some studies have shown that, in spite of kinematic behavioral adaptations to their oral health alteration (use of infantile praxes, reduction of masticatory frequency) [16,17], children with ECC ended up with altered masticatory capability, meaning they swallowed insufficiently comminuted food boluses [18]. ...
Background:
Using the granulometry of ready-to-swallow food boluses, this study investigated the evolution of masticatory capability of children with Early Childhood Caries (ECC) after comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA).
Methods:
Sixteen children with ECC were assessed before and over one year after dental treatment under GA, in comparison with 12 children with a Healthy Oral State (HOS). Oral health criteria, quality of life, body mass index, and frequency of orofacial dysfunctions were recorded. Masticatory kinematic parameters and median food bolus particle size (D50) at swallowing were assessed while masticating raw carrot (CAR), cheese (CHS), and breakfast cereals (CER). The impact of posterior teeth extractions was analyzed.
Results:
Quality of life and orofacial functions improved after dental treatment. Chewing frequency for all three foods increased without reaching the values of children with HOS, while D50 values for CAR and CHS decreased. After one year, children with posterior teeth extractions exhibited higher D50 values for CAR and CHS than children with only conservative treatment. One third of children with ECC were overweight or obese.
Conclusions:
Comprehensive dental treatment improved children's mastication, and their BMI subsequently increased. Links between mastication and nutrition should be investigated further in children.
... In our investigation, the association was found between BMI and ECC in the Chi-square analysis (Table 1), corroborating results of previous studies (25,26). Nevertheless, when the stepwise forward regression model was created, for joint evaluation of which significant studied indicators were most associated with dental caries, the best model possibility does not include the BMI, but the hip circumference (Table 2). ...
This brief research report explored the relationship among obesity, anthropometric measurements, and early childhood caries (ECC), in 3–5 years-old children. Three hundred and ninety-one Brazilian preschoolers were given anthropometric examinations for the assessment of general, peripheral, and central adiposity, by the following measures: body mass index (BMI), hip circumference, and waist circumference. Obesity status was determined by BMI according to WHO standards. Parent's age and BMI were assessed by questionnaire, and sucrose exposure was tracked by means of a food diary. For the assessment of ECC, dental examinations were performed according to modified WHO criteria. Also, the presence of dental biofilm in maxillary incisors was detected. A direct association between BMI and ECC was found in the bivariate analysis and the best possibility of logistic regression model showed that hip circumference (HC) values ≥62 centimeters (OR = 1.63; p = 0.033) jointly with the presence of dental biofilm (OR = 2.38; p = 0.000), children's ages ≥37 months (OR = 5.09; p = 0.012), and mothers younger than 35 years (OR = 1.96; p = 0.004) were significantly connected with ECC. In conclusion, peripheral adiposity (represented by HC) in young children was in fact associated with ECC. Thus, hip circumference might be a valuable tool for exploring the relationship between caries and obesity in the early years of life.
... To date, several studies have examined this association and found that children with S-ECC may have lower vitamin D (25(OH)D) status and other nutritional deficiencies and malnutrition. [9][10][11][12][13] However, the precise nature of this relationship remains to be elucidated. ...
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) following rehabilitative surgery using general anesthesia (GA). Methods: Children with S-ECC were recruited on the day of surgery for a prospective study investigating changes in nutritional status and well-being before and after surgery. Venipunctures for 25(OH)D were performed while children were in the operating room, and parents completed a questionnaire regarding nutritional intake, oral health, quality of life, and family demographics. Participants returned at a minimum of three months for a follow-up venipuncture, questionnaire, and dental examination. Analyses included descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable regression analyses. A P-value of ≤ 0.05 was significant. Results: Overall, 150 children participated, with a mean age of 47.7±14.1 months. The mean baseline 25(OH)D concentration was 49.8±16.9 nmol/L, with 17 percent having deficient levels. Overall, 106 returned for follow-up. Paired t-tests revealed significant improvements in the mean 25(OH)D levels following rehabilitation (50.1±17.1 nmol/L versus 61.2±18.7, P<0.001). The proportion with optimal and adequate 25(OH)D levels increased from 9.2 percent to 24.1 percent and from 48.3 percent to 67.8 percent, respectively, while those classified as deficient decreased from 17.2 percent to 8.1 percent from baseline to follow-up. Conclusions: Significant improvements in vitamin D concentrations were observed following dental rehabilitation. This provides additional evidence of the association between oral health and nutritional status.
... In other words, toothache impedes children from having adequate sleep and rest, which in turn affects the secretion of growth hormones (15). However, Elger et al. (20) and Davidson et al. (7) showed that obesity was significantly associated with the higher risk of caries in deciduous teeth. There are also studies, indicating no significant relationship between these two indices (11,21). ...
Background: Dental caries is one of the most common childhood problems, which is associated with other diseases, such as malnutrition. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of early childhood caries (ECC) treatment on the body mass index (BMI) of children, aged 3 - 6 years. Methods: In this longitudinal case-control study, 96 children, aged 3 - 6 years, were recruited and divided into three groups (n = 32 per group). A questionnaire was completed for each child, and the decayed, missing, and filled Teeth (dmft) index was measured via clinical examination, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Anthropometric measurements were performed in each group to assess BMI at baseline and after six months. The first two groups were diagnosed with ECC. For group I, a comprehensive dental treatment was performed under general anesthesia at baseline, while for group II, no treatment was applied during six months. Group III consisted of caries-free children. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test (P < 0.05). Results: The mean and standard deviation of the dmft index were 7.09 ± 2.40, 5.19 ± 1.72, and zero in groups I, II, and III, respectively. The BMI changes after six months were 0.11 ± 0.42, 0.00 ± 0.39, and -0.04 ± 0.64 kg/m2 in groups I, II, and III, respectively. The mean BMI significantly changed in the three groups within six months (P = 0.034). In group I, the BMI changes were significantly greater than the other two groups (P = 0.004). Conclusions: Although a significant negative relationship was found between ECC and BMI, oral hygiene and nutritional behavior were the main confounding variables. Based on the findings, treatment of ECC had a significant positive effect on BMI; therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to identify and treat children at risk.
... Recently, attentions have been attracted to the possible association between the body composition and dental caries in children [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Evidence shows that obesity and dental caries hold the two risk factors of dietary features and socioeconomic status in common [13]. ...
... Evidence shows that obesity and dental caries hold the two risk factors of dietary features and socioeconomic status in common [13]. However, contrasting reports exist regarding the association between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) as the measurement of body fatness, particularly in younger children [9,[13][14][15][16]. ...
... Recently, more investigations have been focused on the metabolic effects of obesity on oral health like higher risks of caries and periodontal diseases [12]. Although the relationship between ECC and BMI has been formerly evaluated, the mean BMI, BMI percentiles, or mean weight have been assessed in populations of different ages and mixed sexes [9]. However, in the present study, adjusting the z-scores for both age and sex by Health Watch Pro software yielded more logical report of means. ...
Objectives:
Although early childhood dental caries (ECC) have the same general etiology as other types of caries, predisposing factors are not well elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity, body mass index (BMI), dietary habits, and oral hygiene on ECC.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed on 38 ECC-affected and 41 caries-free children, aged 36 to 72 months. Upon the parents' consent, 3 mL of non-stimulated saliva was collected from the participants to measure the level of sAA activity through spectrophotometry. Additionally, parents/caretakers completed a structured questionnaire about demographic factors, oral hygiene, and consumption of sugar-containing foods. BMI, BMI z-scores, and percentile data were calculated by using an online calculator. The independent variables were dichotomized and tested through chi-square test, followed by a stepwise logistic regression, by using SPSS software (α = 0.05).
Results:
The sAA activity was significantly higher in caries-free children (P ≤ 0.001). However, the mean BMI was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.49). Brushing and other measured dietary habits were significantly associated with the development of ECC (P ≤ 0.001). According to the results of the logistic regression, sAA activity was shown to be a predictor for ECC development (Odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.9 (0.95-0.98)).
Conclusion:
Children with inherently lower levels of sAA activity were more susceptible to dental caries. Improper nutritional habits and poor oral health care could exacerbate the risk of ECC.
... 1 In several recent cross-sectional studies, children with S-ECC were identified as being more likely to have anemia, in particular iron deficiency (ID), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), or lower levels of vitamin D. 4,5 Multiple studies have also reported that S-ECC is associated with impaired growth and development. [5][6][7][8] ID is the most common form of nutritional deficiency worldwide and can adversely affect a child's mental and physical development. 9,10 Anemia, which impacts nearly two billion people worldwide, is also indicative of poor nutrition and health. ...
Purpose: To investigate improvement in iron and iron-related nutritional status of children with severe-early childhood caries (S-ECC) following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia (GA). Methods: Children with S-ECC were recruited into a prospective study investigating changes in nutritional status before and after surgery. Parents completed a questionnaire, as their child had a venipuncture while under GA. Children returned for follow-up at a minimum of three months postsurgery, and parents completed a follow-up questionnaire and their child had an additional venipuncture and dental examination. Statistical analyses included descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable regression analyses. Results: A total of 150 children participated (mean age 47.7±14.1 months). The mean baseline ferritin concentration was 27.9±19.1 μg/L, while mean iron and hemoglobin levels were 12.3±4.3 μmol/L and 107.5±9.2 g/L, respectively. Overall, 53 percent were anemic, 30 percent had iron deficiency (ID), and 20 percent had iron deficiency anemia (IDA) at baseline. In total, 106 participants returned for follow-up. Paired t-tests revealed significant improvements in ferritin (27.0±18.4 μg/L versus 34.3±18.2 μg/L, P<0.001) and hemoglobin (108.2±8.3 g/L versus 123.7±9.4 g/L, P<0.001) levels. There was a 16 percent reduction in children with ID (P<0.001) and a 20 percent reduction in children experiencing IDA (P=0.011) from baseline to follow-up. Multivariable regression revealed that follow-up ferritin levels were associated with baseline ferritin concentrations, red meat intake, and difficulty purchasing food because of cost. Conclusions: Improvements in iron and iron-related nutritional status were observed post GA. Dental surgery for S-ECC may contribute to improved children's eating practices and resolve oral inflammation, thus leading to better nutritional status.
