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Background: Tree cutting is one of the causes of climate change and a common practice in Africa, a continent under significant threat from climate change. Therefore, climate change awareness and mitigation are vital to reducing its impacts in the region. Reforestation through planting of trees is an important carbon emission reduction strategy. Thi...
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This paper forms part of a major health needs assessment research project of small-scale subsistence farming households in three relatively impoverished villages located close to an active volcano (Popocatépetl) in the rural hinterland of the town of Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico. Our overarching research question is: how do housing conditions, the micro...
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... Climate change is a pressing global issue that presents significant threats to various sectors, including agriculture (IPCC, 2014; Gomez-Zavaglia et al., 2020; Dlamini et al., 2023; Maluleke et al., 2024 [1,[4][5][6]. The African continent has a higher proportion of people who are vulnerable to the effects of climate change than any other region in the world (Weber et al., 2018;Gobir et al., 2021) [7,8]. Africa's continent is vulnerable to the effects of climate change due to its reliance on natural resources. ...
... Climate change is a pressing global issue that presents significant threats to various sectors, including agriculture (IPCC, 2014; Gomez-Zavaglia et al., 2020; Dlamini et al., 2023; Maluleke et al., 2024 [1,[4][5][6]. The African continent has a higher proportion of people who are vulnerable to the effects of climate change than any other region in the world (Weber et al., 2018;Gobir et al., 2021) [7,8]. Africa's continent is vulnerable to the effects of climate change due to its reliance on natural resources. ...
... Tree planting is one of the ways to prevent the adverse weather conditions caused by climate change (Hopkins et al. 2021). Although tree-planting campaigns have been initiated in some parts of Nigeria, the use of wood and charcoal for cooking has been on the rise (Gobir et al. 2021). Building good infrastructure in the rural areas and prohibition of open burning were recognized by the participants as key mitigating strategies for climate change issues as indicated in Fig. 17.16. ...
The rainy season in the littoral city of Lagos has offered a lingering problem to water resource managers and the region's socioeconomic activities over the years. In a changing climate, it is critical to understand how seasonal wet regimes vary in order to predict floods and manage water resources. The aim of this research is to assess rainfall changes using the trend and variability of two independent meteorological stations located inside Lagos’ coastal city. Monthly cumulative rainfall data was acquired and examined on monthly, seasonal, and annual scales for a 30-year period (1984–2013). Modified Mann–Kendall (MM-K) and Sen's slope estimator (Q) were used to estimate rainfall trends and statistical significance tests, while the Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) and Rainfall Variability Index (RVI) were used to quantify rainfall variability (RVI). Rainfall increased from January to May and November to December, but declined from July to August at both stations. In June, August, and October, however, both stations showed a distinct mix of upward and downward trends: dry season rainfall increased across stations, whereas wet season and yearly rainfall increased in the Ikeja station and fell in the Lagos Roof station, respectively. For Ikeja and Lagos Roof stations, PCI wet and dry seasons range from 9 to 20 and 9 to 42, respectively, while annual PCI ranges from 11 to 28 for both stations. In the wet and dry seasons, the Lagos Roof station had higher positive RVI tendencies than the Ikeja station depicting a high variability of rainfall within Lagos.KeywordsRainfall variabilityRainfall trendModified Mann–KendallSen’s slopeSeasonal variationClimate change
... Tree planting is one of the ways to prevent the adverse weather conditions caused by climate change (Hopkins et al. 2021). Although tree-planting campaigns have been initiated in some parts of Nigeria, the use of wood and charcoal for cooking has been on the rise (Gobir et al. 2021). Building good infrastructure in the rural areas and prohibition of open burning were recognized by the participants as key mitigating strategies for climate change issues as indicated in Fig. 17.16. ...
The entirety of the ecosystem today is subject to incessant global warming and climate changes with the aftermaths and risks being a great cause for concern for both developed and developing nations. Factors leading to the exposure of the natural environment to these risks are mainly anthropogenic with the most significant factor being the high dependence on fossil fuels which increase the concentration of two major greenhouse gases (GHGs), i.e., CO2 and CH4. Consequently, the world is faced with not just a rapid rise in global temperatures, but on a wider spectrum, the bizarre behaviour of different ecosystems of the world with the quality of air not left out. This is evidenced by the several health issues emanating from the intake of polluted air by human beings. This study highlights how the air quality has impacted on the climate changes using Nigeria as a case study. Climatic changes such as prolonged dry and sunny season results in wildfires which obviously degrade the quality of air by reducing the oxygen content and introducing smoke and particulate. The population explosion and hence, the need for more fossil fuels and limited oxygen in the metropolitan cities of Nigeria such as Lagos is the major reason for the poor air quality index (AQI) relative to other suburban and rural areas. The continuous rise in global warming is characterized by increments in the presence of toxic components like sulphur and nitrogen oxides, particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) levels in the atmosphere. In this study, the causes of the deterioration in air quality, current trends/scenario in Nigeria and effective solutions to remedy the situation are discussed in detail.
Keywords: Global warming, Greenhouse gases, Ecosystem, Air quality index, Pollutants
Economic, social, and environmental issues associated with climate change pose a serious threat to sustainable development globally. In Nigeria and indeed other developing countries, the devastating effects of climate change are felt on the livelihood and health of the people more than the developed economies where there is advanced knowledge and understanding of the issues and where efforts have been made toward mitigation of the impacts and adaptation of systems to cope with the impacts. This chapter presents a deeper understanding and knowledge of the concepts of sustainable development and climate change and the nexus between the two. The status of sustainable development and challenges is discussed. The causes of climate change in Nigeria are presented, followed by the impact of climate change on sustainable development with emphasis on how the impact affects urban and rural dwellers as well as gender and socio-economic dimensions of the impact. The chapter ends with suggestions on sustainable strategies for mitigating the impacts, strengthening the relevant institutions and thus fostering the achievement of the SDGs in Nigeria. Data used for the development of the chapter were obtained through structured questionnaires as well as desk study using a comprehensive literature review approach. Samples and case studies were drawn from rural and urban dwellers. Recommendations were provided on a sustainable strategy for mitigating the impacts based on building sustainable resilient and adaptation initiatives, strong institutions, and investments that will minimize the impacts of climate change on sustainable development in Nigeria.KeywordsClimate changeSustainable developmentMitigationEnvironmental sustainabilityResilienceAdaptation
There have been global concerns about the continuous rise in the surface temperature of the earth. The rise in temperature is due mainly to numerous human activities. Nigeria contributes to this menace due to poor electricity supplies making some of its citizens rely on cutting down woods from forest and others using fossil fuel generators. Another prominent contribution to the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions is the unrelenting gas flaring during the refining of much relied crude oil. This paper therefore proposes solar photovoltaic (PV) among other recommendations as ways that Nigeria can contribute to limiting global warming to between 1.5 ℃ and 2 ℃ which the 2021 report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) alarmed will be exceeded during the 21st century if unchecked. Literatures were reviewed and online survey was carried out to evidently investigate the current state of grid electricity supply in Nigeria. The result from the survey showed that 75% of the respondents who are connected to the grid do not have electricity supply beyond 12 h. The implication of this is that many of these respondents resort to fossil fuel power supply while seeing solar PV as expensive. Therefore, Nigeria can reduce greenhouse gas emissions through political will that ensures that policies that will strictly prohibit gas flaring and encourage the PV industry in the country are enforced in order to make clean energy accessible to all.KeywordsRenewable energy transitionSolar PVClimate change
There is a growing interest in greening schools, campuses, and workplaces due to the perceived ecosystem services provided by trees. However, students' willingness to participate in and financially support the greening process is less examined. Using a questionnaire survey based on the contingent valuation method (CVM) and Likert scale, 1278 students from 13 universities were interviewed on their willingness to participate in tree planting and pay for their maintenance to promote green and clean campuses in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Most of the students interviewed were male (61%) and enrolled as undergraduates (60%). While 65% of the respondents agreed with the idea of planting trees, this agreement was significantly associated with students' awareness of climate change, the university attended, and the sources of information on the roles of trees in the community. The binary logit results showed that university courses (envi-ronment-related) and television broadcasts significantly affected students' willingness to participate in tree planting. Overall, students (70%) agreed to pay for tree maintenance, and their willingness to pay (WTP) was estimated mainly at less than USD 5 per year. The price to pay was a significant factor in determining students' willingness to pay for tree maintenance. Findings suggest that students' willingness to support tree planting and maintenance is a crucial factor for academic authorities and planners to consider in order to successfully implement green infrastructures to improve the campus environment and make educational and work spaces sustainably attractive. Citation: Balasha, A.M.; Murhula, B.; Masheka, H.L.; Aganze, M.D.; Weremubi, M.S.; Mulema, V.; Amatcho, A.-A.; Ndele, A.B.; Lugendo, R.A.; Bienvenu, M.S.; et al.
